| 词条 | Miyamoto (crater) |
| 释义 |
| titlecolor = #FA8072 | title = Miyamoto | image = Meridiani Planum PIA13704.jpg | caption = Color-coded for minerals and annotated. | coordinate_title = Coordinates | globe = Mars | coordinates = {{coord|2.88|S|7.0|W|globe:mars_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | diameter = 160.0 km | eponym = Shotaro Miyamoto }}Miyamoto is a crater lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, west of the Plains of Meridiani. The crater is {{convert|150|km|mi|sp=us}} wide. The crater's northeastern half is filled with rocks formed in the presence of water and include minerals of iron and sulfur, which likely settled on lake bottoms or in groundwater systems. In the southwestern half of the crater floor, erosion has stripped these materials away, instead revealing clays and other materials like those found in the most ancient Martian rocks. More than 3.5 billion years old, they date to the Noachian era at which time, liquid water was likely present at the surface and could have created an environment favorable to life.[1][2] Miyamoto was considered as a possible landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory. Mars Science Laboratory{{main|Mars Science Laboratory}}{{clear}}Several sites in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle have been proposed as areas to send NASA's next major Mars rover, the Mars Science Laboratory. Miyamoto Crater was in the top 7 sites chosen. Among the top 33 landing sites was Iani Chaos. Holden Crater is believed to have once been a lake. Eberswalde Crater contains a delta.[4] There is a great deal of evidence that Miyamoto Crater once contained rivers and lakes. Many minerals, such as clays, chlorides, sulfates, and iron oxides, have been discovered there. Miyamoto Crater displays Inverted relief in the form of inverted channels.[5] The picture below shows an inverted channel in Miyamoto. Inverted channels formed from accumulated sediments that were cemented by minerals. These channels eroded into the surface, then the whole area was covered over with sediments. When the sediments were later eroded away, the place where the river channel existed remained because the hardened material were resistant to erosion.[6] In an article published in January 2010, a large group of scientists endorsed the idea of searching for life in Miyamoto Crater because of inverted stream channels and minerals that indicated the past presence of water.[7] The aim of the Mars Science Laboratory is to search for signs of ancient life. It is hoped that a later mission could then return samples from sites identified as probably containing remains of life. To safely bring the craft down, a 12 mile wide, smooth, flat circle is needed. Geologists hope to examine places where water once ponded.[8] They would like to examine sediment layers. The seven finalists were:[9]
See also{{commons category|Miyamoto (Martian crater)}}
References1. ^Possible MSL Landing Site {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925111604/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/Miyamoto_ellipse2.html |date=25 September 2008 }}. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved on 29 September 2008. {{One source|article|date=September 2008}}{{Geography of Mars}}{{portal bar|Mars}}2. ^{{USGovernment|sourceURL=the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website, NASA.}} 3. ^ 4. ^http://disc.discovery.com/news/2008/11/21/mars-landing-sites-02.html{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^Newsom, H., A. Ollila, N. Lanza, S. Weisman, L. Tornabene, C. Okubo, T. Roush, G. Marzo, L. Crumpler, M. Osterloo. 2009. "Miyamoto Crater--Sediments and Phyllosilicates in the Ancient Crust of Mars. MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY Third MSL Landing Site Workshop Doubletree Hotel, Monrovia, CA September 15th - September 17th, 2008" http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/landingsites/msl2009/workshops/3rd_workshop/talks/Newsom_Miyamoto.pdf 6. ^http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ 7. ^{{cite journal | last1= Newsom | first1= Horton E. | last2= Lanza | first2= Nina L. | last3= Ollila | first3= Ann M. | last4= Wiseman | first4= Sandra M. | last5= Roush | first5= Ted L. | last6= Marzo | first6= Giuseppe A. | last7= Tornabene | first7= Livio L. | last8= Okubo | first8= Chris H. | last9= Osterloo | first9= Mikki M. | last10= Hamilton | first10= Victoria E. | last11= Crumpler | first11= Larry S. | title= Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars | journal= Icarus | volume= 205 | pages= 64–72 | date= 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.030 | bibcode = 2010Icar..205...64N }} 8. ^http://themis.asu.edu/features/ianichaos 9. ^ 1 : Impact craters on Mars |
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