| 词条 | Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
}}{{EngvarB|date=October 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{Malay name|Nizar|Jamaluddin}}{{Infobox officeholder| | image = Datuk Seri Ir Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin.jpg | imagesize = | honorific-prefix = Yang Berhormat Dato' Seri Ir. Haji | name = Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin | honorific-suffix = {{small|SPMP MLA}} | caption = | order = 10th Menteri Besar of Perak | monarch1 = Sultan Azlan Shah | term_start1 = 17 March 2008 | term_end1 = 12 May 2009 | predecessor1 = Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali | successor1 = Zambry Abdul Kadir | constituency1 = Pasir Panjang | constituency_AM2 = Sungai Rapat | assembly2 = Perak State | term_start2 = 10 May 2018 | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = Radzi Zainon | successor2 = | majority2 = 3,614 (2018) | constituency_AM3 = Changkat Jering | assembly3 = Perak State | term_start3 = 6 May 2013 | term_end3 = 10 May 2018 | predecessor3 = Mohamad Osman Jailu | successor3 = Ahmad Saidi Mohamad Daud | majority3 = 1,170 (2013) | constituency_AM4 = Pasir Panjang | assembly4 = Perak State | term_start4 = 8 March 2008 | term_end4 = 5 May 2013 | predecessor4 = M. Ramachandran | successor4 = Rashidi Ibrahim | majority4 = 4,474 (2008) | office5 = | constituency_MP5 = Bukit Gantang | parliament5 = Malaysian | term_start5 = 7 April 2009 | term_end5 = 5 May 2013 | majority5 = 2,789 (2009) | predecessor5 = Roslan Shaharum | successor5 = Idris Ahmad | birth_name = Mohammad Nizar bin Jamaluddin | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|3|17|df=y}} | birth_place = Kampar, Perak, Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia) | death_date = | death_place = | party = PAS (until 2015) AMANAH (2015-present) | citizenship = Malaysian | residence = Sungai Rokam, Perak | alma_mater = Aston University | occupation = Politician | profession = Engineer | children = 8 | religion = Sunni Islam | spouse = Fatimah Taat | website = }} Dato' Seri Ir. Haji Mohammad Nizar bin Jamaluddin (born 17 March 1957) is a Malaysian politician who is the current Member of the Perak State Assembly for Sungai Rapat. He was the member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Bukit Gantang constituency in from 2009 to 2013. Nizar is a member of Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH). He also previously served as Menteri Besar of Perak between 2008 and 2009, before being unseated after a constitutional crisis. Personal lifeNizar is the son of a Malay father and a Chinese mother, who was raised in a Malay-Muslim household from birth.[1] Nizar is married to Datin Seri Fatimah Taat and they have eight children. Currently, he is residing in a home at Sungai Rokam, Perak after being asked to vacate the official residence for the Menteri Besar at Jalan Raja DiHilir by the state secretary, Datuk Abdul Rahman Hashim.[2] Nizar is an engineering graduate from Aston University in Birmingham, United Kingdom.[3] He took over the chief minister post from Datuk Seri DiRaja Tajol Rosli Mohd. Ghazali of Barisan Nasional. Political careerNizar was appointed as Menteri Besar on 17 March 2008 but was ousted in January 2009. He was the first Menteri Besar of Perak not from the Barisan Nasional coalition. His appointment followed the 2008 general election, in which the Pakatan Rakyat coalition, comprising the Democratic Action Party (DAP), the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) and his own party, PAS, won a majority of the seats in the Perak State Legislative Assembly. Appointed by the Crown Prince of Perak Raja Nazrin Shah over two other candidates, Datuk Ngeh Koo Ham and Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi, his appointment was initially controversial, as his party was the smallest of the three Pakatan Rakyat parties in the state assembly.[4] He was removed as Menteri Besar just over a year later, following defections from Pakatan Rakyat coalition to Barisan Nasional that gave the latter a majority in the assembly and sparked a constitutional crisis. Appointment as Menteri BesarOn 8 March 2008, the Pakatan Rakyat coalition in Perak won 31 seats of the 59 seat Perak State Assembly, which enabled it to form a majority state government.[5] The Democratic Action Party commanded the most seats out of the 31 seats held by Pakatan Rakyat and were the claimants to the post of Menteri Besar. However, the Perak State Constitution stipulated that the Menteri Besar must be of Malay descent, and a non-Malay could only be appointed by a royal waiver by the Perak Palace. To resolve this, all three parties sent their nominations for the MB post to the Regent of Perak, Raja Nazrin Shah. Nizar was chosen over Dato' Seri Ngeh Koo Ham of the DAP and Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi of PKR on 12 March 2008 by Raja Nazrin,[6] and sworn in on 17 March 2008 at Istana Iskandariah, Kuala Kangsar. Nizar was the first person not part of the Barisan National coalition to hold such a post in Perak. The appointment of Nizar created a minor stir within the opposition coalition after the DAP's central executive committee, under the advice of Lim Kit Siang ordered Perak DAP state assemblymen to boycott the swearing-in ceremony to be held on 13 March 2008. Raja Nazrin then ordered a delay of the swearing in ceremony and asked all 31 of Pakatan Rakyat's assemblymen to pledge their support of Nizar's appointment, since otherwise Nizar is shown as not having majority support and therefore cannot be appointed as the Menteri Besar. Lim has since apologised and stated that he did not mean to disrespect the decision of the sultan and the regent of Perak.[7] Following the resolution of this matter, all the state assemblymen from PKR, PAS and DAP (including Lim Kit Siang) attended the Menteri Besar swearing-in ceremony in support of Nizar. AdministrationNizar's administration granted freehold title to ethnic Chinese landholders in the settlements called as New Villages (Kampung Baru) in Perak. The Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister, Dato' Seri Najib Tun Razak disputed the state government's ability to grant the freehold titles, instead saying that the jurisdiction lied federally.[8] Almost every act of his administration was criticised by the Malaysian mainstream press, especially by Utusan Malaysia and Berita Harian, an UMNO-owned, Malay-nationalist newspaper.[9] Nizar's administration was hounded by constant accusations of being a proxy to the DAP which had the majority seats in the State Assembly. In particular he was accused of being a puppet DAP's Datuk Ngeh Koo Ham and Nga Kor Ming, senior exco members in his cabinet.[10] Controversy and crisis2009 Perak constitutional crisis{{main|2009 Perak constitutional crisis}}In July 2008, former Perak MB Datuk Seri DiRaja Tajol Rosli Mohd. Ghazali claimed that the Pakatan Rakyat state government in Perak will fall on 31 August 2008 – Malaysia's Independence day through defections to Barisan Nasional from the PR camp[11] – a clear corruption of PR leader Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim's 16 September 2008 plan to engineer mass defections of BN MPs from Sabah and Sarawak to form the new federal government.[12] Nizar dismissed Tajol's claims and remarked "Who is he (Tajol) to predict the future?". On 25 January 2009, BN's MLA from the Bota constituency, Datuk Nasarudin Hashim announced his defection from UMNO, a BN component party, to PKR, the second largest party in Nizar's Perak PR coalition.[13] Nasarudin said that his decision was fully supported by his constituents and reaffirmed that no monetary award was offered to him by PR.[14] Nizar and Anwar supported and welcomed Nasarudin into the PR coalition and Anwar claimed more BN MLAs were going to defect to PR a few days later.[15] Nizar then claimed that three more MLAs from UMNO would defect to PR[16] After Nasarudin's resignation from UMNO, Perak UMNO chief and former MB Tajol Rosli resigned as Perak BN chairman and Perak UMNO chief, taking responsibility for the defection of Nasarudin.[17] Soon after, UMNO Malaysia Deputy President, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, who is also the Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister took over as Perak UMNO chairman and Perak BN chairman from Tajol Rosli.[18] Crossover of Nasarudin and three other Perak assemblymen from PR, and effectively and controversially ended the PR majority government. The new Perak government, under Datuk Dr. Zambry Abdul Kadir, swore in some executive councillors, but Nizar refused to bow down, and continued his daily routines. The speaker of the assembly, V. Sivakumar then suspended all BN executive councillors for "contempt of assembly" after a complaint by one assemblyman. On 11 May 2009, the Kuala Lumpur High Court ruled that the Sultan could not constitutionally remove Nizar from office, and that Nizar had always been the rightful Menteri Besar. Nizar announced his intention to immediately meet with the Sultan to request dissolution of the state assembly, while Zambry Abdul Kadir, the intended Barisan Menteri Besar, stated he would vacate the state secretariat as soon as possible.[19] However, Nizar ultimately lost the legal proceedings when, in February 2010, the Federal Court ruled Zambry to be the lawful Menteri Besar.[20] 2014 criminal defamation chargeNizar was charged in a nationwide dragnet in August 2014 for criminal defamation for allegedly making a speech in 2012 prior to the 2013 general election saying "I was informed that Najib will call all the army generals to do something if BN lost in the general election."[21] The defamation case was settled on 26 July 2016, after Najib accepts Nizar’s apology.[22] Election results
Honours
References1. ^Hah Foong Lian, Perak MB takes challenges in his stride, 4 April 2008, The Malaysian Bar (original article from The Star) {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali}}{{s-ttl|title=Chief Minister of Perak|years=2008–2009}}{{s-aft|after= Zambry Abdul Kadir }}{{s-end}}{{Pakatan Harapan}}{{Authority control}}{{portal|Malaysia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nizar Jamaluddin, Mohammad}}2. ^{{cite web|work=New Strait Times |title=Nizar moves out of MB's residence |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Frontpage/2487208/Article/index_html |date=23 February 2009 |accessdate=23 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224103838/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Frontpage/2487208/Article/index_html |archivedate=24 February 2009 }} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://malaysiakini.com/news/79710|publisher=Malaysiakini|date=12 March 2008|accessdate=13 March 2008|title=Nizar is new Perak MB}} 4. ^{{cite web |work=The Star |title=Triple joy for Perak as birthday boy Nizar assumes post |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/3/17/nation/20666523&sec=nation |date=17 March 2008 |accessdate=11 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604002806/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F3%2F17%2Fnation%2F20666523&sec=nation |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy }} 5. ^Election Information, Perak State Assembly 2008 www.undi.info 6. ^{{cite news|work=New Straits Times |date=12 March 2008 |accessdate=13 March 2008 |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080312191523/Article/index_html |title=Nizar is new Perak MB |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317162406/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080312191523/Article/index_html |archivedate=17 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 7. ^{{cite news|work=New Straits Times |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20080313114905/Article |title=DAP apologises for statement on appointment of Perak MB |date=13 March 2008 |accessdate=13 March 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314033148/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Frontpage/20080313114905/Article |archivedate=14 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 8. ^{{cite web|work=New Strait Times |title=States must refer land issues to national council |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/2435875/Article/index_html |date=23 December 2008 |accessdate=10 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122075809/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/2435875/Article/index_html |archivedate=22 January 2009 }} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/15222-utusan-accuses-nizar-of-neglecting-malays |publisher=Malaysian Insider |date=4 January 2009 |accessdate=10 February 2009 |title=Utusan accuses Nizar of neglecting Malays |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308205226/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/15222-utusan-accuses-nizar-of-neglecting-malays |archivedate=8 March 2012 |df=dmy }} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/20292-nizar-denies-being-a-puppet-of-dap-cousins |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315231226/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/20292-nizar-denies-being-a-puppet-of-dap-cousins |archive-date=15 March 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite web|work=New Strait Times |title=Perak gov't to fall 31 Aug 2008 – Tajol Rosli |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Frontpage/2286654/Article/index_html |date=6 July 2008 |accessdate=10 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822094050/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Frontpage/2286654/Article/index_html |archivedate=22 August 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 12. ^{{cite web |work=The Star |title=PAnwar claims more than 31 MPs will cross over |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/9/16/nation/20080916144742&sec=nation |date=16 September 2008 |accessdate=11 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224155831/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F9%2F16%2Fnation%2F20080916144742&sec=nation |archivedate=24 February 2009 |df=dmy }} 13. ^{{cite web|work=New Strait Times|title=Bota rep defects to PKR|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Monday/World/2463560/Article/pppull_index_html|date=26 January 2009|accessdate=11 February 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 14. ^{{cite web |work=The Star |title=My people support me: Nasaruddin |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/1/28/nation/20090128144606&sec=nation |date=28 January 2009 |accessdate=11 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203113458/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F1%2F28%2Fnation%2F20090128144606&sec=nation |archivedate=3 February 2009 |df=dmy }} 15. ^{{cite web|publisher=asiaone news|title=Anwar claims more BN reps to defect|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20090127-117374.html|date=28 January 2008|accessdate=11 February 2009}} 16. ^{{cite web|work=New Strait Times|title=Pakatan Rakyat Perak: PR wooing three UMNO assemblymen to defect|url=http://pakatanrakyat-perak.blogspot.com/2009/01/pr-wooing-three-umno-assemblymen-to.html|date=27 January 2009|accessdate=11 February 2009}} 17. ^{{cite web|publisher=Malaysian Insider |title=Tajol says he is not strong enough to lead Perak UMNO |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/17169-tajol-says-he-is-not-strong-enough-to-lead-perak-umno/ |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=11 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720124446/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/17169-tajol-says-he-is-not-strong-enough-to-lead-perak-umno/ |archivedate=20 July 2011 |df=dmy }} 18. ^{{cite web |work=The Sun |title=Najib replaces Tajol as Perak UMNO and BN chief |url=http://www.sun2surf.com/article.cfm?id=29620 |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=11 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203090704/http://sun2surf.com/article.cfm?id=29620 |archivedate=3 February 2009 |df=dmy }} 19. ^{{cite news | first=Hafiz | last=Yatim | title=Court rules Nizar is legitimate MB | date=11 May 2009 | work =Malaysiakini | url =http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/103996 | accessdate = 11 May 2009 }} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/2/10/nation/5649677&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212080647/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F2%2F10%2Fnation%2F5649677&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 February 2010 |title=5-0 for BN's Zambry |date=10 February 2010 |work=The Star |accessdate=4 February 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=304263&Itemid=77 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140909052211/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=304263&Itemid=77 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=9 September 2014 |title=Former Perak MB charged with defaming Najib two years ago |date=25 August 2014 |publisher=The Edge |accessdate=9 September 2014 }} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.malaysia-today.net/2015/10/28/defamation-case-settled-pm-accepts-nizars-apology/|title=Defamation Case Settled, PM Accepts Nizar’s Apology|date=26 July 2016 |language=|publisher=Malaysia Today|author=|work=Bernama|accessdate=25 January 2019|}} 23. ^{{Cite web |title=Malaysia Decides 2008 |work=The Star |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/ |accessdate=2 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111075207/http://thestar.com.my/election/ |archivedate=11 January 2010 |df=dmy }} 24. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php|title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri|publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia|language=Malay|accessdate=11 July 2010}} Percentage figures based on total turnout. 25. ^1 {{Cite web | title = Malaysia General Election | work = undiinfo Malaysian Election Data | publisher = Malaysiakini | url = http://undi.info/# | accessdate = 4 February 2017}} Results only available from the 2004 election. 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/keputusan/paparan/paparan_laporan.php|title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM 13|work=Sistem Pengurusan Maklumat Pilihan Raya Umum|publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia |language=Malay | accessdate = 5 May 2013}} Results only available for the 2013 election. 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://keputusan.spr.gov.my/|title=SEMAKAN KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE - 14|publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia |language=Malay|accessdate=17 May 2018}} Percentage figures based on total turnout. 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://election.thestar.com.my/|title=The Star Online GE14|publisher=The Star|accessdate=24 May 2018}} Percentage figures based on total turnout. 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/forum/kebijaksanaan-sultan-perak-1.784898|title=Kebijaksanaan Sultan Perak|date=11 November 2018|language=Malay|publisher=Utusan Malaysia|author=AHMAD, Hulu Bernam|accessdate=25 January 2019|}} 18 : 1957 births|Living people|People from Kampar, Perak|People from Perak|Malaysian people of Malay descent|Malaysian people of Chinese descent|Malaysian Muslims|Malaysian engineers|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party politicians|Parti Amanah Negara politicians|Members of the Dewan Rakyat|Members of the Perak State Legislative Assembly|Perak state executive councillors|Chief Ministers of Perak|Leaders of the Opposition in the Perak State Legislative Assembly|Alumni of Aston University|21st-century Malaysian politicians|21st-century Malaysian people |
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