| 词条 | Morane-Saulnier AI | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Morane-Saulnier AI (also Type AI) was a French parasol-wing fighter aircraft produced by Morane-Saulnier during World War I. Development and designThe AI was developed as a refinement of the Morane-Saulnier Type N concept, and was intended to replace the Nieuport 17 and SPAD VII in French service, in competition with the SPAD XIII, which it was built as a back-up for. Its Gnome Monosoupape 9N 160 CV rotary engine was mounted in a circular open-front cowling. The strut braced parasol wing was swept back. The spars and ribs of the circular section fuselage were wood, wire-braced and covered in fabric, and faired out with wood stringers.[2] The production aircraft were given service designations based on whether they had 1 gun (designated MoS 27) or 2 guns (designated MoS 29).[1][4] Operational historyA number of escadrilles were created to operate the AI, but by mid-May 1918, most of the aircraft were replaced by the SPAD XIII.[2] After structural problems had been resolved, the aircraft were then relegated to use as advanced trainers, with new purpose built examples being designated MoS 30.[3] Many were used post-war after having been surplussed off, as aerobatic aircraft, including one which was flown by Charles Nungesser. Fifty-one MoS 30s were purchased by the American Expeditionary Force as pursuit trainers.[3] Variants
Fighter variant with one 0.303in (7.7mm) Vickers machine gun and powered by a Gnome Monosoupape 9NI rotary engine.
Fighter variant with two 0.303in (7.7mm) Vickers machine guns and powered by a Gnome Monosoupape 9NI rotary engine.
Unarmed single seat advanced trainer with either a 89kW (120hp) le Rhone 9Jb or a 101kW (135hp) le Rhone 9Jby rotary engine.
Variant of the MoS 30 with a de-rated le Rhone 9Jby engine 67kW (90hp). OperatorsIn addition to military operators, the Morane-Saulnier AI was popular with French aerobatic pilots and a number carried civil registrations.
SurvivorsThree AIs are flown from La Ferté-Alais.[1] The Fantasy of Flight collection in Polk City, Florida has an AI that was sold to the United States Army Air Service in 1918 for testing at McCook Field in Ohio until being sold off for private use. It later joined the Tallmantz Collection which was then acquired by Fantasy of Flight in 1985 and restored in the late 1980s.[4] Another AI, formerly flown by Charles Nungesser is in the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome collection, and was flown in the weekend airshows there.[5] Specifications (MoS 27 C.1, 150 hp Monosoupape){{aerospecs|ref=War Planes of the First World War: Volume Five Fighters[6] |met or eng?=met |crew=1 |capacity= |length m=5.65 |length ft=18 |length in=6⅜ |span m=8.51 |span ft=27 |span in=11 |height m=2.40 |height ft=7 |height in=10¼ |wing area sqm=13.39 |wing area sqft=144.1 |empty weight kg=421 |empty weight lb=926 |gross weight kg=649 |gross weight lb=1,428|eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Gnome Monosoupape 9N |eng1 kw=112 |eng1 hp=150 |max speed kmh=225 |max speed mph=140 |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h=1 |endurance min=45 |ceiling m=7,000[7] |ceiling ft=22,965 |climb rate ms=8.3 |climb rate ftmin=500[8] |armament1=1 7.7mm (0.303-in) Vickers machine gun forward of cockpit |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }}{{aircontent |see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 Donald 1997, p. 659. 2. ^1 Holmes, 2005. p 36. 3. ^1 2 Lamberton 1960, p. 84. 4. ^"Morane A1." Fantasy of Flight. Retrieved: 25 March 2012. 5. ^ 6. ^Bruce 1973, pp. 122–123. 7. ^Angelucci 1983, p. 45. 8. ^Climb to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 2 minutes. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
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External links{{commons category|Morane-Saulnier AI}}
7 : French fighter aircraft 1910–1919|Morane-Saulnier aircraft|French military trainer aircraft 1910–1919|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Parasol-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1917|Rotary-engined aircraft |
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