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词条 List of ambassadors of the United States to France
释义

  1. List of United States Chiefs of Mission in France

      Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1778–1792)    Ministers to the First Republic (1792–1804)    Ministers to the First Empire (1804–1814)    Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1814–1830)    Ministers to the Kingdom of France (1830–1848)   Ministers to the Second Republic (1848–1852)    Ministers to France    Ambassadors to the Third Republic    Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic    Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic  

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. Further reading

  5. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}{{Infobox Political post
|post = Ambassador
|body = the United States to France
Ambassadeur des États-Unis en France
|nativename =
|insignia = US Department of State official seal.svg
|insigniasize = 120
|insigniacaption = Seal of the United States Department of State
|department =
|image = Jamie D. McCourt.jpg
|alt =
|incumbent = Jamie McCourt
|incumbentsince = December 18, 2017
|style =
|residence = Hôtel de Pontalba
|nominator = The President of the United States
|appointer = The President
|appointer_qualified = with Senate advice and consent
|termlength =
|inaugural = Benjamin Franklin
as Envoy
|formation = 1778
|last =
|abolished =
|succession =
|deputy =
|salary =
|website = [https://fr.usembassy.gov/ U.S. Embassy – Paris]
}}

The United States Ambassador to France is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of France. The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution. Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893. The diplomatic relationship has continued through France's five republics, two empires, and three monarchies. Since 2006 the ambassador to France has also served as the ambassador to Monaco

List of United States Chiefs of Mission in France

Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1778–1792)

Relations between the United States and the French Court of Versailles were established in 1778 with the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. As a republic, the United States was not entitled to send an ambassador. Instead, relations were maintained at the lower diplomatic rank of Minister. The position was formally known as the Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles.

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
Benjamin|Franklin}}September 14, 1778}}March 23, 1779}}May 17, 1785}}
Thomas|Jefferson}}March 10, 1785}}May 17, 1785}}September 26, 1789}}
William|Short|William Short (American ambassador)}}April 20, 1790}}June 14, 1790}}May 15, 1792}}
Gouverneur|Morris}}January 12, 1792}}June 3, 1792}}April 9, 1794}}Remained as Minister after the First Republic was proclaimed. Mission terminated when the French government requested his recall.}}

Ministers to the First Republic (1792–1804)

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
James|Monroe}}May 28, 1794}}August 15, 1794}}December 9, 1796}}
Charles Cotesworth|Pinckney}}September 9, 1796}} Not presentedFebruary 5, 1797}}

Diplomatic relations were broken in 1796 due to French anger at U.S. neutrality in the War of the First Coalition. After the Directory refused to accept Charles Cotesworth Pinckney's credentials, a commission was appointed to negotiate with the French Republic. The members of the commission — Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry — were all accredited with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.[1] French officials demanded a bribe before they would commence negotiations, scuttling the mission in the XYZ Affair. Hostilities culminated in the outbreak of the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France. Diplomatic relations were restored with the Convention of 1800.

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
Robert R.|Livingston|Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)}}October 2, 1801}}December 6, 1801}}November 18, 1804}}Remained as Minister after Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor.}}

James Monroe was accredited Minister Plenipotentiary to the French Republic in 1803 to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.[2] However, Robert Livingston remained chief of mission.

Ministers to the First Empire (1804–1814)

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
John|Armstrong|John Armstrong, Jr.}}June 30, 1804}}November 18, 1804}}September 14, 1810}}
Joel|Barlow}}February 27, 1811}}November 17, 1811}}December 26, 1812}}Died in Żarnowiec during the French retreat from Moscow.}}
William H.|Crawford}}April 9, 1813}}December 14, 1813}}
{{dts|August 16, 1814}}		April 26, 1815}} to {{dts|April 30, 1815}}Reaccredited to the Court of Versailles.}}

Ministers to the Court of Versailles (1814–1830)

The Congress of Vienna standardized the system of diplomatic ranks. The United States continued to send a Minister, who was officially credentialed as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
Albert|Gallatin}}February 28, 1815}}July 16, 1816}}May 16, 1823}}
James|Brown|James Brown (Louisiana politician)}}December 9, 1823}}April 13, 1824}}June 28, 1829}}
William Cabell|Rives}}April 18, 1829}}October 25, 1829}}
{{dts|January 14, 1831}}		September 27, 1832}}Reaccredited to the Kingdom of France.}}

Ministers to the Kingdom of France (1830–1848)

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
Edward|Livingston}}May 29, 1833}}September 30, 1833}}April 29, 1835}}
Lewis|Cass}}October 4, 1836}}December 1, 1836}}November 12, 1842}}
William R.|King}}April 9, 1844}}July 1, 1844}}September 15, 1846}}
Richard|Rush}}March 3, 1847}}July 31, 1847}}
{{dts|April 26, 1848}}		October 8, 1849}}Reaccredited to the Second Republic.}}

Ministers to the Second Republic (1848–1852)

NameAppointmentPresentationTerminationNotes
William Cabell|Rives}}July 20, 1849}}November 8, 1849}}
{{dts|January 10, 1853}}		May 12, 1853}}Reaccredited to the Second Empire.}}

Ministers to France

{{Expand list|date=January 2012}}
  • John Y. Mason: 1853–1859
  • Charles J. Faulkner: 1860–1861
  • William L. Dayton: 1861–1864
  • John Bigelow: 1864–1866
  • John Adams Dix: 1866–1869
  • Elihu B. Washburne: 1869–1877
  • Edward F. Noyes: 1877–1881
  • Levi P. Morton: 1881–1885
  • Robert Milligan McLane: 1885–1889
  • Whitelaw Reid: 1889–1892
  • T. Jefferson Coolidge: 1893–1893

Ambassadors to the Third Republic

  • James Biddle Eustis: 1893–1897[3]
  • Horace Porter: 1897–1905
  • Robert Sanderson McCormick: 1905–1907
  • Henry White: 1907–1909
  • Robert Bacon: 1909–1912
  • Myron T. Herrick: 1912–1914
  • William Graves Sharp: 1914–1919
  • Hugh Campbell Wallace: 1919–1921
  • Myron T. Herrick: 1921–1929
  • Walter E. Edge: 1929–1933
  • Jesse Isidor Straus: 1933–1936
  • William C. Bullitt: 1936–1940
  • William D. Leahy: 1941–1942
    • After Leahy left, S. Pinkney Tuck served as interim Chargé d'affaires until France severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on November 8, 1942, the date of Operation Torch

Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic

  • Jefferson Caffery: December 30, 1944 – 1949
    • The Embassy in Paris had been opened to the public December 1, 1944, with Ambassador Caffery in charge pending presentation of his letter of credence.
  • David K. E. Bruce: 1949–1952
  • James C. Dunn: 1952–1953
  • C. Douglas Dillon: 1953–1957
  • Amory Houghton: 1957–1961

Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic

  • James M. Gavin: 1961–1962
  • Charles E. Bohlen: 1962–1968
  • Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.: 1968–1970
  • Arthur K. Watson: 1970–1972
  • John N. Irwin, II: 1973–1974
  • Kenneth Rush: 1974–1977
  • Arthur A. Hartman: 1977–1981
  • Evan Griffith Galbraith: 1981–1985
  • Joe M. Rodgers: 1985–1989
  • Walter Curley: 1989–1993
  • Pamela Harriman: 1993–1997
  • Felix Rohatyn: 1997–2000
  • Howard H. Leach: 2001–2005
  • Craig Roberts Stapleton: 2005–2009
  • Charles Rivkin: 2009–2013[4][5]
    • Mark A. Taplin (ad interim): 2013–2014[6]
  • Jane D. Hartley: 2014–2017
    • Uzra Zeya (Chargé d'affaires): 2017
    • Brent Hardt (Chargé d'affaires): 2017
  • Jamie D. McCourt: 2017–present

See also

{{portal|Government of the United States|Paris}}
  • List of French ambassadors to the United States
  • Embassy of the United States, Paris
  • France – United States relations
  • Foreign relations of France
  • Ambassadors of the United States

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Pinckney|first1=Charles Cotesworth|last2=Gerry|first2=Elbridge|last3=Marshall|first3=John|title=Authentic Copies of the Correspondence of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, Esqrs. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Republic of France: As Presented to Both Houses of Congress, April 3, 1798, by His Excellency John Adams|date=1798|publisher=J. Derrett|page=62|language=en|quote=The undersigned Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic, had the honour of announcing to you officially, on the 6th of October, their arrival at Paris, and of presenting to you on the 8th, a copy of their letters of credence.}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=Image 906 of James Monroe Papers: Series 1, General Correspondence, 1758-1839; 1796 Mar. 22-1803 Oct. 8 (Reel 2) |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss33217.002/?sp=906 |website=The Library of Congress |language=en}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/about/faq/ambassadors-and-chiefs-of-mission|title=Ambassadors and Chiefs of Mission – FAQs – About Us – Office of the Historian|publisher=}}
4. ^{{Cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/17/world/europe/17iht-envoy.html | title=New U.S. Envoy Takes Up Post | first=Brian | last=Knowlton | work=The New York Times | date=August 16, 2009 | accessdate= August 31, 2009}}
5. ^{{ cite web | url=http://france.usembassy.gov/ambassador.html | title=Ambassador Charles Rivkin permanently departed post on Tuesday, November 19, 2013 following his nomination by President Obama to serve as Assistant Secretary of the State Department's Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs | accessdate=January 29, 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201060924/http://france.usembassy.gov/ambassador.html | archivedate=February 1, 2014 | df=mdy-all }}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Our Charge D'Affairs Ad Interim |url=http://france.usembassy.gov/dcm.html|publisher=US Embassy to France|accessdate=May 2, 2014}}
{{StateDept}}

Further reading

  • Willson, Beckles. America's Ambassadors to France (1777-1927): A Narrative of Franco-American Diplomatic Relations (1928).

External links

  • United States Embassy in Paris official site
  • [https://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/fr/ United States Department of State: France]
  • [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/france United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for France]
  • [https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3842.htm United States Department of State: Background notes on France]
  • Interview with 1984 U.S. Ambassador to France from the [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives]
{{Ambassadors of the United States}}{{Benjamin Franklin}}{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Ambassador To France}}

4 : Ambassadors of the United States to France|Lists of ambassadors of the United States|Lists of ambassadors to France|France–United States relations
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