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词条 List of anarchist communities
释义

  1. Mass societies

  2. Indigenous societies

  3. Intentional communities

  4. Community projects

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

{{Dynamic list}}

This is a list of anarchist communities representing any society or portion thereof founded by anarchists that functions according to anarchist philosophy and principles. Anarchists have been involved in a wide variety of community experiments since the 19th century. There are numerous instances in which a community organizes itself along philosophically anarchist lines to promote regional anarchist movements, counter-economics and countercultures. These have included intentional communities founded by anarchists as social experiments and community oriented projects, such as collective organizations and cooperative businesses. There are also several instances of mass society "anarchies" that have come about from explicitly anarchist revolutions, including the Free Territory of Ukraine[2] and the Shinmin autonomous region in Manchuria.[3]

Mass societies

Active societies:
  • Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement (1958–present)[1]
  • Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto (Fejuve; 1979–present)[2]
  • Marinaleda (1979–present)[3]
  • Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (CIPO-RFM; 1980s–present)[4]
  • Puerto Real (1987–present)[5]
  • Spezzano Albanese (1992–present)[6]
  • Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities (1994-Present)
  • Barcelona's Squatters Movement (2000–present)[7]
  • Barbacha (2001–present)[8]
  • Abahali baseMjondolo (2005–present)[2]
  • Zaachila (2006–present)[4]
  • Zone to Defend (2009–present)
  • Cheran (2011–present)[9]
  • Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (2012-present)
Past societies:
  • Çatalhöyük (7500 BC–5700 BC)[10]
  • Cucuteni-Trypillia (5200 BC–3200 BC)[11]
  • Indus Valley Civilisation (3300 BC–1300 BC)[11]
  • Essenes (150 BC–66)[12]
  • Frisia (993 - 1350)[2]
  • Haudenosaunee (1142–1800s)[13]
  • Taborite communities (1419–1452)[14]
  • Republic of Cospaia (1440-1826)[15]
  • South Carolina Commune (1868–1874)[16]
  • Cantonal Rebellion (12 July 1873-12 January 1874)[17]
  • Strandzha Commune (August–September 1903)[18]
  • Soviets (1905 - 1922)
  • Baja Rebellion (1911)
  • Free Territory (November 1918 – 1921)[2]
  • Kronstadt Rebellion (1921)[19]
  • Guangzhou City Commune (1921–1927)[20]
  • Shinmin Prefecture (1929–1931)[3]
  • Revolutionary Catalonia (21 July 1936–May 1939)[21]
  • Regional Defence Council of Aragon (6 October 1936 – 11 August 1937)[21]
  • Saigon Commune (1945)[22]
  • Shanghai (1967)[23]
  • Czechoslovakia (1968)[24]
  • Argentinian Horizontalidad (2001–2004)[25]
  • Oaxaca City (2006)[4]
  • Greek Insurrection (2008)[38]
  • Symphony Way (2008 - 2009)[2]
  • 15M Movement (2010 - 2015)[38]
  • Gezi Park Commune (2013)[26]

Indigenous societies

{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
  • Aboriginal Australians[27]
  • Amazigh[27]
  • Andamanese[28]
  • Anuak[27]
  • Cherokee[29]
  • Croatan[30]
  • Hopi[31]
  • Igbo[32]
  • Inuit[27]
  • Konkomba[27]
  • Lugbara[27]
  • Mapuche[33]
  • Mbuti[34]
  • Niitsitapi[35]
  • Nubian[36]
  • Pequot[37]
  • Piaroa[38]
  • Plateau Tonga[27]
  • Quinnipiac[39]
  • Sami[27]
  • San[40]
  • Santals[27]
  • Semai[41]
  • Seminoles[42]
  • Tiv[27]
  • Zomia[43]

}}

Intentional communities

Active communities:{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
  • Stapleton Colony (1921)[44]
  • Federation of Egalitarian Communities (1967)
    • Twin Oaks Community, Virginia (1967)[45]
    • East Wind Community (1973)
    • Acorn Community (1993)[46]
  • Freetown Christiania (26 September 1971)[71][72]
  • Longo Mai (1973)[47]
  • The Farm (1973)
  • Awra Amba (1980)[48]
  • Kommune Niederkaufungen (1986)
  • Metelkova (1993)[49]
  • Trumbullplex (1993)[1]

}}Past communities:{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
  • The Diggers (1649-1650)
  • Utopia (1847)
  • Modern Times (21 March 1851–1864)[50]
  • Paris Commune (1871)[51]
  • Home (1895)[80]
  • Equality Colony (1897-1907)[80]
  • Whiteway Colony[52] (1898)[53]
  • Soviet Republics
    • Naissaar (1917–1918)
    • Odessa (1918)
    • Bavarian (1919)
    • Bremen (1919)
  • Life and Labor Commune (1921)[54]
  • Drop City (1965)

}}

Community projects

{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
  • ABC No Rio
  • ASCII (squat)
  • Autonomous Centre of Edinburgh
  • Cowley Club
  • Civic Media Center
  • Cream City Collectives
  • Iron Rail Book Collective
  • Noisebridge
  • UFFA
  • London Action Resource Centre
  • Lucy Parsons Center
  • The Old Market Autonomous Zone
  • Red and Black Cafe
  • Salon Mazal
  • Common Ground Collective
  • Nomadelfia
  • Notre-Dame-des-Landes

}}

See also

  • Anarchy: Lists of ungoverned communities
  • Exarchia – district in Athens run by the Anarchist movement with no police presence and the government only intervenes during riots; marijuana is unregulated; famed for graffiti, cafes and comic book stores, it has become a popular place for international anarchists to visit when in Athens
  • Permanent autonomous zone – a community that is autonomous from the generally recognized government or authority structure
  • Zomia – the ungoverned highlands of Southeast Asia, held as an analogous anarchist society by professor James C. Scott
{{Portal bar|Anarchism|Community|Cooperatives|Society|Sociology}}

References

1. ^{{Cite book|title=The Impossible Community: Realising Communitarian Anarchism|last=Clark|first=John|publisher=|year=2013|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Anarchy Works|last=Gelderloos|first=Peter|publisher=|year=2010|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/20/marinaleda-spanish-communist-village-utopia|title=Marinaleda: Spain's communist model village |last=Hancox|first=Dan|date=20 October 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=}}
4. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title=Teaching Rebellion: Stories from the Grassroots Mobilization of Oaxaca|last=Denham|first=Diana|publisher=Oakland: PM Press|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
5. ^Anarcho-Syndicalism in Puerto Real: from shipyard resistance to direct democracy and community control
6. ^“Community Organising in Southern Italy”, pp. 16–19, Black Flag no. 210, p. 17, p. 18
7. ^{{Cite book|title=To Get To The Other Side: a journey through europe and its anarchist movements|last=Gelderloos|first=Peter|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://crimethinc.com/2017/11/02/other-rojavas-echoes-of-the-free-commune-of-barbacha-an-autonomous-uprising-in-north-africa-2012-2014|title=Other Rojavas: Echoes of the Free Commune of Barbacha|last=Collective|first=CrimethInc. Ex-Workers|work=CrimethInc.|access-date=2018-05-16|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37612083|title=Cheran: The town that threw out police, politicians and gangsters|last=Pressly|first=Linda|date=13 October 2016|work=BBC|access-date=}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=The Rise of Urbanisation and Decline of Citizenship|last=Bookchin|first=Murray|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=18–22}}
11. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Worshipping Power: An Anarchist History of Early State Formation|last=Gelderloos|first=Peter|publisher=|year=2017|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
12. ^Karl Kautsky, The Foundations of Christianity, Book Three
13. ^{{Cite book|title=Colombus, the Indians, and Human Progress|last=Zinn|first=Howard|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=1}}
14. ^↑ Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary millenarians and mystical anarchists of the Middle Ages (London: Paladin, 1970) 207, 208.
15. ^{{Cite book |last1=Milani |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Selvi |first2=Giovanna |title=Tra Rio e Riascolo: piccola storia del territorio libero di Cospaia |date=1996 |publisher=Associazione genitori oggi |location=Lama di San Giustino |oclc=848645655 |df=mdy-all |page=18 }}
16. ^W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 449.
17. ^George Woodcock. Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements. Pg. 357
18. ^{{Cite book |last1=Khadzhiev |first1=Georgi |translator-last1=Firth |translator-first1=Will |chapter=The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria |title=Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm |trans-title=National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism |language=Bulgarian |pages=99–148 |date=1992 |publisher=Artizdat-5 |location=Sofia |chapterurl=http://www.savanne.ch/tusovka/en/will-firth/bulgaria.html#strandzha |oclc=27030696 |df=mdy-all }}
19. ^{{cite book|author= Leonard F. Guttridge|title= Mutiny: A History of Naval Insurrection|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hk9-IMRGtbcC&pg=PA174|date= 1 August 2006|publisher= Naval Institute Press|isbn= 978-1-59114-348-2|page= 174}}
20. ^Dongyoun Hwang, "Korean Anarchism Before 1945: A Regional and Transnational Approach" in Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 118.
21. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939|last=Dolgoff|first=Sam|authorlink=Sam Dolgoff|publisher=|year=1974|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
22. ^1945: The Saigon commune
23. ^{{Cite book|title=Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic since 1949|last=Meisner|first=Maurice|publisher=Free Press|year=1986|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
24. ^{{Cite book|title=Anarchy in Action|last=Ward|first=Colin|publisher=|year=1973|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
25. ^Natasha Gordon and Paul Chatterton, Taking Back Control: A Journey through Argentina's Popular Uprising, Leeds (UK): University of Leeds, 2004,
26. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title=The Failure of Nonviolence|last=Gelderloos|first=Peter|publisher=|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
27. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|title=People Without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy|last=Barclay|first=Harold|publisher=Left Bank Books|year=1990|isbn=|location=Seattle|pages=}}
28. ^John Zerzan, Future Primitive Revisisted (Port Townsend: Feral House, 2012), 13-14.
29. ^{{Cite book|title=The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears|last=Perdue|first=Theda|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2007|isbn=|location=New York|pages=}}
30. ^"Indian Towns and Buildings of Eastern North Carolina", Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, National Park Service, 2008, Retrieved 24 April 2010.
31. ^Eggan, Fred, Social Organization of the Western Pueblos (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960)
32. ^Emmanuel C. Onyeozili and Obi N. I. Ebbe, “Social Control in Precolonial Igboland of Nigeria”, African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies (2012)
33. ^{{Cite book|title=Territories in Resistance: A Cartography of Latin American Social Movements|last=Zibechi|first=Raúl|publisher=AK Press|year=2010|isbn=|location=Oakland|pages=}}
34. ^{{Cite book|title=The Forest People|last=Turnbull|first=Colin|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1968|isbn=|location=New York|pages=}}
35. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ladner|first=Kiera|date=2003|title=Governing Within an Ecological Context: Creating an Alternative Understanding of Blackfoot Governance|url=|journal=Studies in Political Economy|volume=70|pages=137–150|via=}}
36. ^Robert Fernea, “Putting a Stone in the Middle: the Nubians of Northern Africa,” in Graham Kemp and Douglas P. Fry (eds.), Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution and Peaceful Societies around the World, New York: Routledge, 2004, p. 111.
37. ^William A. Starna, “Pequots in the Early Seventeenth Century” in ed. Laurence M. Hauptman and James D. Wherry, The Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation (Norman and London: University of Oakland Press, 1990), 42.
38. ^{{Cite book|title=Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology|last=Graeber|first=David|publisher=Prickly Paradigms Press|year=2004|isbn=|location=Chicago|pages=26–27}}
39. ^John Menta, The Quinnipiac: Cultural Conflict in Southern New England (New Haven: Yale University, 2003)
40. ^{{Cite book|title=The Dobe Ju/hoansi|last=Lee|first=Richard|publisher=Thomas Learning/Wadsworth|year=2003|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
41. ^Robert K. Dentan, The Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979
42. ^Greg Urban, “The Social Organizations of the Southeast,” in ed. Raymond J. Demallie and Alfonso Ortiz, North American Indian Anthropology: Essays on Society and Culture(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), 175-178.
43. ^{{Cite book|title=The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia|last=Scott|first=James|publisher=University of Yale Press|year=2009|isbn=|location=New Haven|pages=}}
44. ^{{cite book|last=Hardy|first=Dennis|title=Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiTBDbHoS7MC&pg=PA181|year=2000|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-419-24670-1|page=181}}
45. ^{{cite web |title = Louisa Commune Flourishes for 43 Years |date = 2010 |website = WWBT NBC 12 |url = http://www.nbc12.com/Global/story.asp?S=12764171 |first = Curt |last = Autry |access-date = 2011-01-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111118150914/http://www.nbc12.com/Global/story.asp?S=12764171 |archive-date = 2011-11-18 |dead-url = no |df = }}
46. ^Searching For Happiness In 'Utopia'
47. ^http://www.anarchisme.wikibis.com/cooperatives_longo_mai.php
48. ^[https://new-faces-new-places.com/2016/10/03/awra-amba-the-anarcho-feminist-utopia-that-actually-works/ Awra Amba: the anarcho-feminist utopia that actually works]
49. ^{{Cite news |last1=Niranjan |first1=Ajit |title=How an abandoned barracks in Ljubljana became Europe's most successful urban squat |work=The Guardian |date=2015-07-24 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jul/24/metelkova-ljubljana-abandoned-barracks-europe-squat |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all }}
50. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20140809191756/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/WarrenJosiah/hs526a.htm An Experiment in Anarchy: Modern Times, the notorious and short-lived utopian village that preceded Brentwood]
51. ^[https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1871/paris-commune.htm The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State]
52. ^{{cite book|last=Franks|first=Benjamin|title=The Means and Ends of Contemporary British Anarchisms|year=2006|publisher=AK Press/Dark Star|isbn=978-1-904859-40-6|page=4}}
53. ^{{cite book|last1=Headley|first1=Gwyn|last2=Meulenkamp|first2=Wim|title=Follies, grottoes & garden buildings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAkzAQAAIAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Aurum|page=250}}
54. ^{{Cite |last1=Sanborn |first1=Josh |title=Review of Edgerton, William, ed., Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia |date=March 1996 |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=312 |language=en |publisher=H-Russia, H-Review |df=mdy-all }}
55. ^1 {{cite book |title=Anarchy as order |last=Bamyeh |first=Mohammed A. |authorlink=Mohammed A. Bamyeh |date=May 2009 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=0-7425-5673-5 |page=21 }}
56. ^1 {{cite book |title=Listverse.com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists |last=Frater |first=Jamie |authorlink=Jamie Frater |date=November 1, 2010 |publisher=Ulysses press |location=Berkeley, CA |isbn=1-56975-817-4 |pages=516, 517 }}
57. ^1 2 {{cite book |first=Charles |last=Pierce LeWarne |title=Utopias on Puget Sound: 1885–1915|publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle |year=1975 |pages=168–226 |isbn=0295974443}}
58. ^{{cite news |title=Church, anarchists come to each other's rescue |last=Sessa |first=Sam |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=November 27, 2007}}
59. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism|url=https://anarchyinaction.org/index.php?title=Cartography_of_Revolutionary_Anarchism|website=Anarchy In Action|accessdate=2 March 2017}}
60. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author=Alexandre Skirda|title=Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack|publisher=AK Press|location=|year=2004|pages=|isbn=1-902593-68-5}}
61. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=3681 |title=Radically wholesome |accessdate=2011-04-13 |last=Osborne |first=Domenique |date=2002-11-09 |publisher=Metro Times}}
[55][56][57][59][60][61]
}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal|last=Amster |first=Randall |authorlink=Randall Amster |year=2001 |url=http://www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/anarchiststudies/archive/vol9no1.html |title=Chasing Rainbows: Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for Anarchist Communities |journal=Anarchist Studies |pages=29–52 |volume=9 |issue=1 |doi= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211123325/http://www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/anarchiststudies/archive/vol9no1.html |archivedate=2004-12-11 |df= }}
  • {{cite journal |last=Amster |first=Randall |authorlink= |year=2003 |title=Restoring (Dis)Order: Sanctions, Resolutions, and "Social Control" in Anarchist Communities |journal=Contemporary Justice Review |pages=9–24 |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/1028258032000055612}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110619/http://infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionI An Anarchist FAQ - Section I - What would an anarchist society look like?], hosted on Infoshop.org.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622091556/http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionA5 An Anarchist FAQ - What are some examples of "Anarchy in Action"?], hosted on Infoshop.org.
{{Anarchism}}{{Anarchies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Anarchist Communities}}

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