“List of artillery by type”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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List of artillery by type

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Recoilless guns
Recoilless guns Self-propelled recoilless guns
Anti-aircraft guns
Towed and static anti-aircraft guns Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
Anti-tank guns
Towed anti-tank guns Self-propelled anti-tank guns
Assault guns
Autocannons
Vehicle guns
Aircraft artillery Tank guns Naval artillery Railway artillery
Mortars
Infantry mortars Heavy mortars
Field artillery
Muzzle-loading guns Infantry guns Self-propelled infantry guns Mountain artillery Field guns Self-propelled field guns Howitzers Self-propelled howitzers Siege artillery
Rocket artillery
Coastal artillery
See also
Citations and notes
References

A list of artillery catalogues types of weapons found in batteries of national armed forces' artillery units.

Some weapons used by the infantry units, known as infantry support weapons, are often misidentified as artillery weapons because of their use and performance characteristics, sometimes known colloquially as the "infantryman's artillery"^[1] which has been particularly applied to mortars.^[2]

The distinguishing feature of infantry support weapons from artillery weapons is in the unit that provides the personnel for the weapon crew.

The list does not differentiate between guns and cannons although some designations use one word or the other. The word "cannon" is of Latin origin, borrowed into the English language from the French, while "gun" appears to be of German language origin and is found in earlier use in England. There is almost universal use of gunner in the English language to refer to artillery personnel, and not the French term cannonier.^[3] Some English speaking armies do use the originally French term bombardier as a rank in artillery units.

See also list of artillery by name and list of artillery by country.

Recoilless guns

A recoilless gun or recoilless rifle (RCL) is a lightweight weapon that fires a heavier projectile than would be practical to fire from a recoiling weapon of comparable size. Technically, only devices that use a rifled barrel are recoilless rifles. Smoothbore variants are recoilless guns. This distinction is often lost, and both are often called recoilless rifles.

Normally used for anti-tank roles, the first effective system of this kind was developed during World War II to provide infantry with light, cheap and easily deployable weapon that does not require extensive training in gunnery. The near complete lack of recoil allows some versions to be shoulder-fired, but the majority are mounted on light tripods and are intended to be easily carried by a soldier.

Caliber (mm)	Weapon name	Country of origin	Period
30	Rheinmetall RMK30	Germany}}	Modern
50	Jagdfaust	Nazi Germany}}	World War II
57	M18 Kromuskit	{{USA}}	World War II / Cold War
73	SPG-9	{{USSR}}	Cold War / Modern
74	Miniman	{{SWE}}	Cold War
75	LG 40	Nazi Germany}}	World War II
75	M20	{{USA}}	World War II / Cold War
80	Breda Folgore	{{ITA}}	Cold War / Modern
82	BzK vzor 59	{{CSK}}	Cold War
82	B-10	{{USSR}}	Cold War
82	M-60	{{YUG}}	Cold War
84	M3 Carl Gustav	{{SWE}}	Cold War / Modern
84	AT4	{{SWE}}	Modern
88	55 S 55	{{FIN}}	Cold War
88	RCL 3.45 inch Gun	{{GBR}}	World War II
90	Pvpj 1110	{{SWE}}	Cold War / Modern
90	M67	{{USA}}	Cold War
94	RCL 3.7 inch Gun	{{GBR}}	World War II / Cold War
95	95 S 58-61	{{FIN}}	Cold War
102	M28 Nuclear Recoilless Rifle	{{USA}}	Cold War
105	LG 40	Nazi Germany}}	World War II
105	LG 42	Nazi Germany}}	World War II
105	LG 43	Nazi Germany}}	World War II
105	Modelo 1968/M-1974 recoilless gun	{{ARG}}	Cold War
105	M27	{{USA}}	Cold War
105	M-65	{{YUG}}	Cold War
106	M40	{{USA}}	Cold War
107	B-11	{{USSR}}	Cold War
120	L4 Mobat	{{GBR}}	Cold War
120	L6 Wombat	{{GBR}}	Cold War
120	L7 Conbat	{{GBR}}	Cold War
155	M29 Nuclear Recoilless Rifle	{{USA}}	Cold War

Self-propelled recoilless guns

Self-propelled recoilless guns are vehicles designed to carry recoilless guns.

Only a few such designs have been successful, many mounting multiple rifles.

Caliber (mm)	Weapon name	Country of origin	Period
75	Vespa 150 TAP	{{FRA}}	Cold War
106	M50 Ontos	{{USA}}	Cold War
106	Type 60 Self-propelled 106 mm Recoilless Gun	{{JPN}}	Cold War

Anti-aircraft guns

Towed and static anti-aircraft guns

{{main|List of anti-aircraft guns#Towed and static anti-aircraft guns}}

Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns

{{main|List of anti-aircraft guns#Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns}}

Anti-aircraft guns are weapons designed to attack aircraft. Such weapons commonly have a high rate of fire and are able to fire shells designed to damage aircraft. They also are capable of firing at high angles, but are also usually able to hit ground targets as well in a direct-fire role.

Anti-tank guns

Towed anti-tank guns

Self-propelled anti-tank guns

Anti-tank guns are typically high-velocity guns designed to fire anti-tank shells. They are usually designed to be easily transported and concealed to maximize responsiveness and surprise.

Assault guns

Assault guns are guns mounted in armored vehicles designed to provide direct fire support for infantry and armored forces. Typically, the gun is mounted in the hull and the front of the vehicle most heavily armored.

Autocannons

Autocannons are like machine guns but their calibers are greater than 20mm.

Vehicle guns

Aircraft artillery

Aircraft artillery has been used since the first world war.

Tank guns

Tank guns are high-velocity guns designed to be fitted into the turret of a tank. They share many design features with anti-tank guns and in many cases are directly related to anti-tank gun designs. The primary objective of most tank guns is to be able to destroy other tanks, but other tasks such as fire support and anti-personnel missions often are required.

Naval artillery

Naval guns are manufactured based on the same principles as the land based artillery ordnance, but differ significantly in system design and use. Never referred to as "artillery" it is however often called upon to provide naval artillery fire support to the land forces operation in the coastal region within their range.

Railway artillery

Railway artillery involved large guns and howitzers mounted and transported on specially-constructed railway cars.

Mortars

Infantry mortars

The List of infantry mortars catalogues weapons which are issued to infantry units to provide close range, rapid response, indirect fire capability of an infantry unit in tactical combat.^[4] In this sense the mortar has been called "infantryman's artillery", and represents a flexible logistic solution to satisfying unexpected need for delivery of firepower, particularly for the light infantry.^[5] In general infantry mortars are defined by what a team of infantrymen, sometimes known as mortarmen, can transport unaided by significant vehicle support. Because of this intrinsic restriction mandated by weight, mortars are only considered "infantry" to a calibre of 120mm.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} These larger weapons usually require wheeled assemblies to allow their towing either by hand or by light tactical vehicles.

Heavy mortars

Heavy mortars are large-calibre mortars designed to fire a relatively heavy shell on a high angle trajectory. Such weapons have a relatively short range, but are usually less complex than similar calibre field artillery.

This category includes the "Trench Mortars" of World War I which were all too heavy and cumbersome, and hence lacked the mobility, to be classed as infantry mortars.

Field artillery

Muzzle-loading guns

Infantry guns

Self-propelled infantry guns

Infantry guns are designed to provide direct organic support for infantry forces. They fire a range of shells, primarily in a direct-fire mode. Most are lightweight and capable of being manhandled for limited mobility to accompany infantry.

Mountain artillery

Mountain artillery, which includes pack howitzers, mountain howitzers and mountain guns, is designed to accompany mountain infantry forces. Usually lightweight and designed to be broken down to be portable by pack animals or even soldiers, they often are in limited calibres with low muzzle energy. Correspondingly, range and anti-armor capabilities are limited. However, they can deliver useful firepower in locations that may be inaccessible to heavier support forces.

Field guns

Self-propelled field guns

Field guns are one of two primary types of field artillery. Guns fire a heavy shell on a relatively level trajectory from a longer barrel, allowing for very high muzzle velocity and good range performance. Guns are most adequate for providing long range fire support and counter-battery fire.

Howitzers

Self-propelled howitzers

Howitzers are one of two primary types of field artillery. Howitzers fire a heavy shell in a high trajectory from a relatively short barrel. Range is limited but howitzers are slightly more mobile than similarly sized field guns.

Siege artillery

Siege artillery are heavy guns and other bombardment devices designed to bombard fortifications, cities, and other fixed targets. They are capable of firing heavy shells but require enormous transport and logistical support to operate. They lack mobility and thus are rarely useful in more mobile warfare situations.

Rocket artillery

{{main|List of rocket artillery}}{{see also|multiple rocket launcher|Katyusha rocket launcher|ballistic missile}}

Coastal artillery

Citations and notes

1. ^p.38, Margiotta
2. ^Fowler, W., ‘Mortars—The Infantryman's Artillery’, Defence, 17/8 (Aug. 1986).
3. ^originally an engineer that managed the cannon, CAN, Johnson
4. ^p.41, Ryan
5. ^p.34, Ryan

References

Chamberlain, Peter, and Hilary L. Doyle. Thomas L. Jentz (Technical Editor), Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945, London: Arms and Armour Press, 1978 (revised edition 2004).
Margiotta, Franklin D., Brassey's Encyclopedia of Land Forces and Warfare, Brassey's, 1997
Johnson, Samuel, A Dictionary of the English Language: In which the Words are Deduced from Their Originals, and Illustrated in Their Different Significations, by Examples from the Best Writers, to which are Prefixed a History of the Language, and an English Grammar, v. 1, A-D, Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1805
Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, London: Arms and Armour Press. {{ISBN|0-85368-606-8}}.

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