| 词条 | Moscovian (Carboniferous) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Moscovian age lasted from {{Period start|Moscovian}} to {{Period start|Kasimovian}} Ma,[1] is preceded by the Bashkirian and is followed by the Kasimovian. The Moscovian overlaps with the European regional Westphalian stage and the North American Atokan and Desmoinesian stages. Name and definitionThe Moscovian stage was introduced by Sergei Nikitin (1850 - 1909) in 1890, using brachiopods in the Moscow Basin of European Russia. Nikitin named the stage after Moscow, then a major city and now the capital of Russia. The base of the Moscovian is close to the first appearances of the conodonts Declinognathodus donetzianus and Idiognathoides postsulcatus[2] or otherwise the fusulinid Aljutovella aljutovica.[3] Because the fusulinid species are regionally different, they can not be used for worldwide correlation. A golden spike for the Moscovian stage has yet to be defined (2008). A proposal is to use the first appearance of the conodont Diplognathodus ellesmerensis, but since the species is rare and its evolution relatively unknown, it has not been accepted yet.[4] The top of the Moscovian (base of the Kasimovian) is at the base of the fusulinid biozone of Obsoletes obsoletes and Protriticites pseudomontiparus, or with the first appearance of the ammonite genus Parashumardites. SubdivisionsIn European Russia and Eastern Europe, where the stage was first recognized, the Moscovian is subdivided into four regional substages: Vereiskian, Kashirskian, Podolskian, and Myachkovskian, named after towns near Moscow (Vereya, Kashira, Podolsk, and Myachkovo). The Moscovian can biostratigraphically be divided into five conodont biozones:
PalaeontologyAmphibiansReptiliomorphs
Temnospondyls
Arthropods
References1. ^Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press 2. ^*{{aut|Nemyrovska, T.I.}}; 1999: Bashkirian conodonts of the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Scr. Geol. 119, pp 1–115 {{ru icon}}. 3. ^*{{aut|Solovieva, M.N.}}; 1986: Zonal fusulinid scale of the Moscovian Stage based on a revision of the type sections of intrastage subdivisions, Vopr. Mikropaleontol 4. ^ a report by the taskforce to establish a Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary (Groves et al. (2008)) External links
3 : Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Pennsylvanian geochronology|Geological ages |
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