“1886 United States House of Representatives elections”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

1886 United States House of Representatives elections

释义

Election summaries
Early election dates
Complete list of races
California Florida South Carolina
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Refimprove|date=June 2015}}{{Infobox Election
| election_name = 1886 United States House of Representatives elections
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1877
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1884 United States House of Representatives elections
| previous_year = 1884
| next_election = 1888 United States House of Representatives elections
| next_year = 1888
| seats_for_election = All 325 seats to the United States House of Representatives
| majority_seats = 163
| election_date = November 2, 1886^[1]
| image1 =
| leader1 = John G. Carlisle
| leaders_seat1 = Kentucky-6th
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| last_election1 = 183 seats^[2]
| seats_before1 =
| seats1 = 167^[4]
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 16
| image2 =
| leader2 = Thomas Brackett Reed
| leaders_seat2 = Maine-1st
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| last_election2 = 141 seats
| seats_before2 =
| seats2 = 154^[4]^[5]
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 13
| image4 =
| leader4 = Henry Smith
| leaders_seat4 = Wisconsin-4th
| color4 = FF3333
| party4 = Labor Party (United States, 19th century)
| last_election4 = 0 seats
| seats_before4 =
| seats4 = 2^[4]
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 2
| image5 =
| leader5 = James B. Weaver
| leaders_seat5 = Iowa-6th
| party5 = Greenback Party
| last_election5 = 1 seat
| seats_before5 =
| seats5 = 1^[4]
| seat_change5 = {{steady}}
| map_image = House050ElectionMap.png
| map_size =
| map_caption = Map of U.S. House elections results from 1886 elections for 50th Congress
| title = Speaker
| before_election = John G. Carlisle
| after_election = John G. Carlisle
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.

As in many midterm elections, Cleveland's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia (VA-06) and Wisconsin (WI-04), while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver of IA-06). John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to NC-04.

Election summaries

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Others
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	8	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Arkansas	District	5	5	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
California	District	6	2	{{increase}} 1	4	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
Colorado	At-large	1	0	{{steady}}	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Connecticut	District	4	2	{{steady}}	2	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Delaware	At-large	1	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Florida	District	2	2	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Georgia	District	10	10	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Illinois	District	20	6	{{decrease}} 4	14	{{increase}} 4	0	{{steady}}
Indiana	District	13	6	{{decrease}} 3	7	{{increase}} 3	0	{{steady}}
Iowa	District	11	1	{{decrease}} 2	9^[6]	{{increase}} 2	1^[7]	{{steady}}
Kansas	District	7	0	{{steady}}	7^[6]	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Kentucky	District	11	8	{{decrease}} 2	3	{{increase}} 2	0	{{steady}}
Louisiana	District	6	6	{{increase}} 1	0	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
Maine^[8]	District	4	0	{{steady}}	4	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Maryland	District	6	5	{{steady}}	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Massachusetts	District	12	4	{{increase}} 2	8	{{decrease}} 2	0	{{steady}}
Michigan	District	11	5	{{decrease}} 2	6	{{increase}} 2	0	{{steady}}
Minnesota	District	5	3	{{increase}} 3	2	{{decrease}} 3	0	{{steady}}
Mississippi	District	7	7	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Missouri	District	14	12	{{steady}}	2	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Nebraska	District	3	1	{{increase}} 1	2	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
Nevada	At-large	1	0	{{steady}}	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
New Hampshire	District	2	1	{{increase}} 1	1	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
New Jersey	District	7	2	{{decrease}} 1	5	{{increase}} 1	0	{{steady}}
New York	District	34	16	{{decrease}} 1	18	{{increase}} 1	0	{{steady}}
North Carolina	District	9	7	{{decrease}} 1	1	{{steady}}	1^[9]	{{increase}} 1
Ohio	District	21	6	{{decrease}} 5	15	{{increase}} 5	0	{{steady}}
Oregon^[8]	At-large	1	0	{{steady}}	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Pennsylvania	District + at-large	28	8	{{steady}}	20	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Rhode Island	District	2	0	{{steady}}	2	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
South Carolina	District	7	7	{{increase}} 1	0	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
Tennessee	District	10	8	{{increase}} 1	2	{{decrease}} 1	0	{{steady}}
Texas	District	11	11	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Vermont^[8]	District	2	0	{{steady}}	2	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Virginia	District	10	3	{{decrease}} 5	6	{{increase}} 5	1^[10]	{{increase}} 1
West Virginia	District	4	3	{{steady}}	1	{{steady}}	0	{{steady}}
Wisconsin	District	9	1	{{decrease}} 1	7	{{steady}}	1^[10]	{{increase}} 1
Total		325	167^[4] 51.4%	{{decrease}} 16	154^[4]^[5] 47.4%	{{increase}}13	4^[4] 1.2%	{{increase}} 3

{{bar box
| title=House seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars={{bar percent|Democratic|{{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}|51.38}}{{bar percent|Republican|{{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}|47.38}}{{bar percent|Labor|{{Socialist Labor Party of America/meta/color}}|0.62}}{{bar percent|Greenback|{{Greenback Party/meta/color}}|0.31}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.31}}
}}

There were 2 Labor Party and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback Party member re-elected in Iowa. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.

↓
167	2	1	1	2	152
Democratic	La	I	Gb	IR	Republican

Early election dates

In 1886, three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections early:

June 7 Oregon
September 7 Vermont
September 10 Maine

Complete list of races

D: Democratic

I: Independent

Pr: Prohibition
R: Republican

California

{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1886}}

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California\|1\|California 1}}	Barclay Henley	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold	√ Thomas Larkin Thompson (D) 50.2% Charles A. Garter (R) 47.2% L. W. Simmons (Pr) 2.6%
California\|2\|California 2}}	James A. Louttit	Republican	1884	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	√ Marion Biggs (D) 50% J. C. Campbell (R) 47% W. O. Clark (Pr) 3%
California\|3\|California 3}}	Joseph McKenna	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Joseph McKenna (R) 53.1% Henry C. McPike (D) 44.6% W. W. Smith (Pr) 2.4%
California\|4\|California 4}}	William W. Morrow	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William W. Morrow (R) 48.7% Frank McCoppin (D) 42% Charles A. Sumner (I) 9% Robert Thompson (Pr) 0.4%
California\|5\|California 5}}	Charles N. Felton	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Charles N. Felton (R) 48.8% Frank J. Sullivan (D) 48.4% C. Henderson (Pr) 1.4% A. E. Redstone (I) 1.4%
California\|6\|California 6}}	Henry Markham	Republican	1884	Incumbent retired. Republican hold	√ William Vandever (R) 47.3% Joseph D. Lynch (D) 47.1% W. A. Harris (Pr) 5.6%

Florida

{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1886}}

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
FL\|1\|X}}	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 66.2% C. B. Pendleton (R) 33.8%
FL\|2\|X}}	Charles Dougherty	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Charles Dougherty (D) 53.9% J. C. Greeley (R) 44.9% R. B. Norment (Pr) 1.2%

South Carolina

{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1886}}

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
SC\|1\|X}}	Samuel Dibble	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Samuel Dibble (D) 99.9% Others 0.1%
SC\|2\|X}}	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	√ George D. Tillman (D) 99.6% Others 0.4%
SC\|3\|X}}	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	√ James S. Cothran (D) 99.8% Others 0.2%
SC\|4\|X}}	William H. Perry	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William H. Perry (D) 100%
SC\|5\|X}}	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John J. Hemphill (D) 99.9% Others 0.1%
SC\|6\|X}}	George W. Dargan	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	√ George W. Dargan (D) 98.7% Others 1.3%
SC\|7\|X}}	Robert Smalls	Republican	1884 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	√ William Elliott (D) 52.0% Robert Smalls (R) 47.8% Others 0.2%

Notes

1. ^Three states held early elections between June 7 and September 10.
2. ^Included 1 Independent Democrat.
3. ^Included 1 Independent Democrat, and 3 Vacancies.
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Martis, pp. 140–141.
5. ^¹Includes 2 Independent Republicans, John Alexander Anderson elected to KS-05, and Albert R. Anderson to IA-08.
6. ^¹Includes 1 Independent Republican.
7. ^Greenback Party
8. ^¹²Elections held early.
9. ^John Nichols was elected as an Independent to NC-04.
10. ^¹Labor Party

References

Bibliography

{{cite book | first=Michael J. |last=Dubin | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&dq=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wvC6VL-aL5etyAS3_YCADA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses | publisher=McFarland and Company | date=March 1, 1998 |isbn=978-0786402830}}
{{cite book | first=Kenneth C. |last=Martis | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&dq=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gKTGVOiSCM22oQSk9oHoAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 | publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company | date=January 1, 1989 |isbn=978-0029201701}}
{{cite book | editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Moore | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ&q=isbn:9780871879967&dq=isbn:9780871879967&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_K_GVIfQJcbWoASvxIKwCQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections | publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. | edition=Third | date=1994 |isbn=978-0871879967}}
{{cite web | url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ |title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present |publisher=Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives |date= |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

1 : 1886 United States House of Representatives elections

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