“List of Austrian Jews”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing antisemitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, some 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is 9,000.^[1] The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German-speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg Monarchy are listed.

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/jewpop.html |title=Jewish Population of the World |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |date=2012 |accessdate=18 December 2013}}
2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcfef_d2es4C&pg=PA184&dq=%22Margarete+Adler%22+jewish&hl=en&ei=VgsPTZSEJMWAlAey9pyNDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA |title=The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and the 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars |publisher= |date= |accessdate=December 20, 2010}}
3. ^"Diving into troubled waters", Paul Kalina, The Age, November 24, 2005, Retrieved January 1, 2011
4. ^ {{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Accessed 8 Feb 2007.
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/scientists/of.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002110639/http://www.science.org.au/scientists/of.htm |archivedate=2006-10-02 |df= }}
6. ^[https://www.1133.at/document/view/id/692 Der wissenschaftliche Werdegang von Professor Jakob Erdheim]
7. ^
8. ^Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
9. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027123051/http://geocities.com/neveyaakov/electro_science/lieben.html]
10. ^ "Growing up in Vienna in a well-to-do Jewish family..." "One of the most brilliant Jewish scientists to be driven from Germany by Nazi persecution..."
11. ^[Gresser, Moshe. Dual Allegiance: Freud As a Modern Jew. SUNY Press, 1994, p. 225]
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2003/womeninpsych_6.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906010522/http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2003/womeninpsych_6.htm |archivedate=2006-09-06 |df= }}
13. ^Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Vienna of Jewish parentage"
14. ^Gay, Miriam. "Reich, Wilhelm." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 17. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-199. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Thomson Gale.
15. ^Jewish Agency for Israel {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001232125/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/bergman.html |date=2006-10-01 }}; The Hugo Bergmann family Papers; both accessed 11 March 2007
16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://wasm.us/Edwards%20Obit.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313170654/http://wasm.us/Edwards%20Obit.pdf |archive-date=2013-03-13 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
17. ^ ; Encyclopaedia Judaica, article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".
18. ^Biography of Ernest Koliqi, Shkoder.net Authors from Shkodra {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307225844/http://www.shkoder.net/en/ekoliqi.htm |date=2007-03-07 }}: "Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), the renowned Austrian Albanologist of Jewish origin" Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
19. ^Jewish Year Book 1975, p.214
20. ^JInfo list of economists accessed 17 May 2007
21. ^Jewish Chronicle, April 27, 2001 p.34: "he believed that, as a Jew, he was capable of only derivative thought."
22. ^Evening Standard (London), 24/5/2004, p15: "Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."
23. ^Bing - Rudolf Bing... had been born a Jew in Vienna"
24. ^https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0592651/
25. ^Evelyne Adler-daughter
26. ^Jewish: "Contemporary Review, June, 1999 by Anthony Paterson" {{cite web|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1601_274/ai_55128451/pg_2 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-10-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410214404/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1601_274/ai_55128451/pg_2 |archivedate=2008-04-10 |df= }} "the Nazi ban on his compositions - he was Jewish" Accessed 6 Nov 2006.
born Moravia: "Composers of Classical Music" "Brull, Ignaz 1846-1907 Moravia, Prossnitz - Austria, Vienna" Accessed 6 November 2006.
27. ^
28. ^Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "he described himself as an 'unpious Jew'"
29. ^¹Kreisler - {{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} "Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elman... were all Jews, too"
30. ^ {{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
31. ^School of Oriental and African Studies, Newsletter of the Jewish Music Institute {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822025140/http://www.jmi.org.uk/suppressedmusic/newsletter/reviews/cd_schulhoff.html |date=2006-08-22 }} "Erwin Schulhoff, a Czech Jew executed by the Nazis..." Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
32. ^Encyclopædia Britannica, 2nd ed., art. "Schulhoff, Julius": "Born in Prague"
33. ^Jewish Chronicle, February 16, 2007, p.14: "he carried on as the sole Jewidh conductor of the Kulturbund"
34. ^Bach cantatas site "The distinguished Czech-born English conductor" Lake Placid Film Forum {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523060343/http://www.lakeplacidfilmforum.com/html/films.html |date=2006-05-23 }} "Walter Susskind, a German Jew" Both accessed 4 Jan 2007
35. ^"The Penguin Dictionary of Musical Performers", Arthur Jacobs, {{ISBN|0-14-051160-1}}, "Under threat as a Jew from Nazi persecution, settled in Britain, 1938."
36. ^ {{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
37. ^Korngold Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209004201/http://www.korngold-society.org/duchen.html |date=2006-12-09 }}: "he got thrown out of Vienna because he was Jewish" Jessica Duchen, author of E. Korngold's biography; Korngold Society: "BRNO, where the composer was born"; accessed 6 Feb 2007.
38. ^["Gustav Mahler Dies in Vienna". The New York Times. 18 May 1911. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/arts/105027769.pdf. Retrieved 1 July 2011. PDF format]
39. ^Jewish Encyclopedia, "born at Prague"; accessed 3 Dec 2006.
40. ^British Concise Dictionary of National Biography
41. ^Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., art. "Blowitz, Henri
42. ^Boris Brainin
43. ^Fritz Brainin
44. ^{{Cite Jewish Encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6361-friedberg-bernard|article=FRIEDBERG, BERNARD|accessdate=December 25, 2013}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.traktor.cz/twisted/ungar.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-06-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702104920/http://www.traktor.cz/twisted/ungar.html |archivedate=2007-07-02 |df= }} "German-Jewish writers: Paul Kornfeld"
46. ^The Literary Encyclopedia: "Karl Kraus was born in Jicin (or Gitschin), Czechoslovakia (then a part of Austria-Hungary) into a Jewish family." Accessed 8 Feb 2007.
47. ^
48. ^ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201424/http://www.laweekly.com/film+tv/film-reviews/film-reviews/12859/ |date=2007-09-30 }} "Hungarian writer Felix Salten" {{cite web |url=http://mki.wisc.edu/hgia/Shaping_Culture.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-07-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528031014/http://mki.wisc.edu/hgia/Shaping_Culture.htm |archivedate=2007-05-28 |df= }} "Hungarian/Austrian Jewish writer Felix Salten"
49. ^ {{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} "Everyone knows Walt Disney's Bambi. Far fewer know that the author of the original book was the Austrian writer, Felix Salten."
50. ^ "..Austrian novelist and journalist..."
51. ^Odds & Ends, June 1998
52. ^
53. ^{{cite web |url=http://modernlanguages.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/Research%20Centres/Exile/Kraeutler%20Seminar%20Details%20(6-03-13).pdf |title=Alma S. Wittlin (1899-1992) Preliminary remarks on the life and scholarship of an Austrian émigré |publisher=Institute of Modern Languages Research |access-date=2016-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114170235/http://modernlanguages.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/Research%20Centres/Exile/Kraeutler%20Seminar%20Details%20(6-03-13).pdf |archive-date=2016-11-14 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
54. ^Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents at Vienna"
55. ^Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters... He was a citizen of Austria-Hungary at his death."
56. ^Jewish Encyclopedia "born June 10, 1759, at Prostiebor, near Kladrau, in the district of Pilsen, Bohemia" accessed 8 Feb 2007
57. ^Jewish Encyclopedia
58. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ajr.org.uk/exhibit.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014065104/http://www.ajr.org.uk/exhibit.htm |archivedate=2006-10-14 |df= }}
59. ^{{cite book|last=Bean Barbara, Erdstein Erich|title=Inside the Fourth Reich : the real story of The boys from Brazil|year=1978|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=0-312-41885-X|pages=220}}
60. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/france/15009 |title=Simon Wiesenthal Center convicted of defamation by Paris court |publisher=European Jewish Press |date=13 March 2007 |accessdate=18 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601101026/http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/france/15009 |archive-date=2012-06-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
61. ^ "two Austrian Jewish scholars - Samuel Krauss and Viktor Aptowitzer"
62. ^ {{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
63. ^
64. ^ " two lay Jews Ludo Moritz Hartmann"
65. ^ "Paul Hatvani, a German Jewish refugee"

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