| 词条 | Motobdella montezuma |
| 释义 |
| name = Motobdella montezuma | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Annelida | classis = Clitellata | subclassis = Hirudinea | familia = Erpobdellidae | genus = Motobdella | species = M. montezuma | binomial = Motobdella montezuma | binomial_authority = (Davies, Singhal & Blinn, 1985) [1] | synonyms = Erpobdella montezuma {{nowrap|Davies, Singhal & Blinn, 1985}} | synonyms_ref = [2] }} Motobdella montezuma is a species of leech which is only found in Montezuma Well, central Arizona, United States. It is a nocturnal pelagic predator that feeds almost exclusively on the endemic amphipod Hyalella montezuma, which it detects using passive sonar and swallows whole. DescriptionAdults of M. montezuma may reach a length of {{convert|71|mm|abbr=on}} including the suckers at the front and rear.[3] DistributionM. montezuma is closely related to the genus Erpobdella,[4] which includes species that are widespread across North America from Alaska to Mexico.[5] However, M. montezuma is only known to occur in a single pool, Montezuma Well, in the Montezuma Castle National Monument in Yavapai County, Arizona.[6]EcologyMontezuma Well due to a high carbon dioxide level in the water is unable to support a population of fish, leaving an ecological niche of predator-free open water. Although there are a number of species of invertebrates living in the well, the diet of M. montezuma consists almost entirely of the endemic amphipod Hyalella montezuma.[6] BehaviorM. montezuma is nocturnal, resting at the bottom of the well during the day, when predatory waterfowl are present.[8] As night falls, the leeches swim towards the surface and hunt amphipods near the surface; this is the only instance of a leech hunting in open water.[8] Prey are detected by passive sonar, and swallowed whole. This pattern of diel vertical migration by a leech is only known to occur in Montezuma Well.[8]Life cycleLike many other leeches, M. montezuma is hermaphroditic. Sexual reproduction results in two individuals fertilizing each other, and the resulting eggs are placed in a nutrient-filled cocoon. The cocoon is placed deep enough to avoid the attention of ducks and other predators, and the eggs hatch into self-sufficient juveniles.[7] References1. ^{{ITIS |id=568959 |taxon=Motobdella montezuma}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3698463}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/test/Annelida/Family/Erpobdellidae.txt |title=Erpobdellidae |publisher=Texas A&M University |accessdate=April 19, 2010}} 3. ^{{cite journal |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |volume=76 |issue=12 |pages=2164–2171 |year=1998 |doi=10.1139/cjz-76-12-2164 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of three genera of Erpobdellidae (Hirudinoidea), with a description of a new genus, Motobdella, and species, Motobdella sedonensis |author1=Fredric R. Govedich |author2=Dean W. Blinn |author3=Paul Keim |author4=Ronald W. Davies }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates |author1=James H. Thorp |author2=Alan P. Covich |lastauthoramp=yes | edition=2nd |publisher=Academic Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-12-690647-9}} 5. ^{{cite journal |title=Observations on the natural history and behavior of Erpobdella punctata (Leidy) (Annelida: Hirudinea) |author=Roy T. Sawyer |journal=American Midland Naturalist |volume=83 |issue=1 |year=1970 |pages=65–80 |jstor=2424006 |doi=10.2307/2424006}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://dana.ucc.nau.edu/~are-p/research/researchers/blinn.html |title=Specialized open water feeding by the leech, Erpodbella montezuma (Hirudinea) |author=Dean W. Blinn, Ronald W. Davis & Behrooz Dehdashti |publisher=Northern Arizona University |accessdate=April 19, 2010}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=All about the leeches of Montezuma Well |author1=Fredric R. Govedich |author2=Bonnie A. Bain |lastauthoramp=yes |url=http://www.nps.gov/moca/naturescience/upload/Montezuma_Well_Leeches.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |year=2005 |accessdate=April 19, 2010}} 5 : Leeches|Endemic fauna of the United States|Fauna of the Southwestern United States|Natural history of Arizona|Animals described in 1985 |
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