1. Ducks, geese and swans

2. Partridges, grouse, turkeys and Old World quail

3. Loons

4. Grebes

5. Flamingos

6. Shearwaters and petrels

7. Northern storm petrels

8. Boobies and gannets

9. Cormorants

10. Pelicans

11. Bitterns, herons and egrets

12. Ibises and spoonbills

13. Storks

14. Osprey

15. Eagles, kites and allies

16. Caracaras and falcons

17. Rails, gallinules and coots

18. Cranes

19. Bustards

20. Thick-knees

21. Lapwings and plovers

22. Oystercatchers

23. Stilts and avocets

24. Sandpipers and allies

25. Pratincoles

26. Gulls, terns, and skimmers

27. Skuas

28. Sandgrouse

29. Pigeons and doves

30. Cuckoos, roadrunners and anis

31. Barn owls

32. Typical owls

33. Nightjars

34. Swifts

35. Hoopoes

36. Kingfishers

37. Bee-eaters

38. Rollers

39. Woodpeckers, sapsuckers and flickers

40. Larks

41. Swallows

42. Wagtails and pipits

43. Kinglets

44. Waxwings

45. Hypocolius

46. Dippers

47. Wrens

48. Accentors

49. Thrushes and allies

50. Cisticolas

51. Cettid warblers

52. Locustellid warblers

53. Acrocephalid warblers

54. Phylloscopid warblers

55. Old-world warblers

56. Old-World flycatchers

57. Bearded reedling

58. Tits

59. Wallcreeper

60. Treecreepers

61. Penduline tits

62. Old-world orioles

63. Shrikes

64. Crows, jays and allies

65. Starlings

66. Old-world buntings

67. Finches

68. Old-world sparrows

69. References

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Cyprus. The avifauna of Cyprus include a total of over 400 species.

Key: PM = passage migrant, RB = resident breeder, MB = migrant breeder, OB = occasional breeder, FB = former breeder, WV = winter visitor, AV = accidental vagrant, IN = introduced, EX = extirpated, S = Scarce

Ducks, geese and swans

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

• Mute swan, Cygnus olor AV
• Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus AV
• Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus (Bewick's) AV
• Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons SWV
• Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus AV – vulnerable
• Greylag goose, Anser anser SWV
• Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis AV – endangered
• Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus AV
• Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea SWV PM
• Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna WV PM
• Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope WV PM
• Gadwall, Mareca strepera WV PM
• Common teal, Anas crecca WV PM
• Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos WV PM RB
• Northern pintail, Anas acute WV PM
• Garganey, Spatula querquedula PM FB
• Northern shoveller, Spatula clypeata WV PM FB
• Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris FB AV – vulnerable
• Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina SWV MB
• Common pochard, Aythya ferina WV PM
• Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca WV PM MB – vulnerable
• Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula SWV PM
• Greater scaup, Aythya marila AV
• Black scoter, Melanitta nigra AV
• Eurasian goldeneye, Bucephala clangula AV
• Smew, Mergellus albellus AV
• Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator AV
• Goosander, Mergus merganser AV
• White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala WV – endangered
• Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata IN

Partridges, grouse, turkeys and Old World quail

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

• Chukar, Alectoris chukar cypriotes RB
• Black francolin, Francolinus francolinus RB
• Common quail, Coturnix coturnix PM WV MB
• Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus IN
• Helmeted guinea fowl, Numida meleagris IN

Loons

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely grey or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.

• Black-throated diver, Gavia arctica AV

Grebes

• Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis WV PM RB
• Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena AV
• Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus WV PM OB
• Slavonian grebe, Podiceps auritus AV – vulnerable
• Black-necked grebe, Podiceps nigricollis WV OB PM

Flamingos

Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually 3ÔÇô5 feet in height, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

• Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roses WV PM (attempted breeding)
• Lesser flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor AV

Shearwaters and petrels

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum, and a long outer functional primary.

• Scopoli's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea PM
• Yelkouan shearwater, Puffinus yelkouan PM

Northern storm petrels

The storm petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

• European storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus AV

Boobies and gannets

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

• Northern gannet, Morus bassanus AV

Cormorants

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the Pelecaniformes order

• Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo WV PM
• European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii RB
• Pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus AV – near threatened

Pelicans

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

• Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus SPM
• Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus AV – vulnerable

Bitterns, herons and egrets

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

• Grey heron, Ardea cinerea PM WV OB
• Purple heron, Ardea purpurea PM
• Great egret, Ardea alba PM WV
• Little egret, Egretta garzetta PM WV MB
• Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides PM OB
• Striated heron, Butorides striata AV
• Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis PM WV MB
• Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax PM OB
• Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus PM OB
• Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris SWV PM

Ibises and spoonbills

Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.

• Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus PM MB
• Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia SPM WV

Storks

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

• Black stork, Ciconia nigra SPM
• White stork, Ciconia ciconia SPM

Osprey

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

• Osprey, Pandion haliaetus PM

Eagles, kites and allies

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes eagles, hawks, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

• European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus PM
• Crested honey buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus AV
• Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus AV
• Red kite, Milvus milvus AV (possibly inefficient reports)
• Black kite, Milvus migrans PM
• White-tailed sea eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla AV
• Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus AV – near threatened
• Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus SPM – endangered
• Griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus SRB – critically endangered population
• Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus FB AV – near threatened
• Short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus SPM
• Bataleur, Terathopius ecaudatus AV
• Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus WV PM
• Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus WV PM
• Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus PM – near threatened
• Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus PM
• Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes SPM
• Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus WV PM
• Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentiles SRB MB
• Common buzzard, Buteo buteo PM WV (B. b. vulpinus PM)
• Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus RB WV PM
• Rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus AV
• Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina SPM
• Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga AV – vulnerable
• Eastern imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca FB AV – vulnerable
• Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos AV
• Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata RB PM
• Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus PM (occasionally winter)

Caracaras and falcons

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

• Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni PM FB – vulnerable
• Common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus RB PM WV
• Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus PM – near threatened
• Amur falcon, Falco amurensis AV
• Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae MB PM
• Sooty falcon, Falco concolor AV – near threatened
• Merlin, Falco columbarius SWV PM
• Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo PM MB
• Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus AV
• Saker falcon, Falco cherrug SPM – endangered
• Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus brookei PM MB WV (F. p. callidus SPM)

Rails, gallinules and coots

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

• Water rail, Rallus aquaticus WV PM OB
• Corn crake, Crex crex SPM – vulnerable
• Little crake, Porzana parva PM WV
• Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla SPM OB
• Spotted crake, Porzana porzana PM
• Grey-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus AV insufficient data
• Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni AV
• Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus RB
• Eurasian coot, Fulica atra WV PM RB

Cranes

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

• Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo PM
• Common crane, Grus grus PM WV

Bustards

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

• Great bustard, Otis tarda AV – vulnerable
• MacQueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii AV
• Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax AV – near threatened

Thick-knees

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

• Eurasian stone curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus RB PM WV

Lapwings and plovers

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

• Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus WV PM – near threatened
• Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus PM MB
• Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius AV – critically endangered
• White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus AV
• European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria WV PM
• Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva AV
• American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica AV
• Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola WV PM
• Ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula PM WV
• Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius PM OB WV
• Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius AV
• Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus MB RB
• Greater sandplover, Charadrius leschenaultii PM SWV (C. l. columbinus, C. l. scythicus)
• Lesser sandplover, Charadrius mongolus AV
• Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus SPM
• Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus SPM

Oystercatchers

The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

• Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus SPM

Stilts and avocets

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

• Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus PM MB
• Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta SPM

Sandpipers and allies

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

• Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola WV
• Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus SPM WV
• Great snipe, Gallinago media SPM – near threatened
• Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago PM WV
• Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa PM WV
• Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica PM
• Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus PM
• Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris EX (possibly extinct in the wild)
• Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata PM SWV
• Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus PM
• Common redshank, Tringa totanus PM WV
• Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis PM
• Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia PM WV
• Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus PM WV
• Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola PM
• Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus AV
• Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos PM WV
• Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres PM SWV
• Red knot, Calidris canutus SPM
• Sanderling, Calidris alba SPM
• Little stint, Calidris minuta PM WV
• Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii SPM WV
• Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii AV
• Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos AV
• Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea PM
• Dunlin, Calidris alpina PM WV
• Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus PM
• Ruff, Calidris pugnax PM WV
• Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus PM
• Grey phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius AV

Pratincoles

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding

• Cream-coloured courser, Cursorius cursor SPM
• Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola PM OB
• Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum AV
• Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni AV – near threatened

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

• Common gull, Larus canus WV
• Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus AV
• European herring gull, Larus argentatus AV
• Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (Baltic gull PM, Heuglin's gull PM WV)
• Yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis RB WV PM
• Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans WV PM
• Armenian gull, Larus armenicus PM WV
• Audouin's gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii RB – near threatened
• Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus PM
• Mediterranean gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus PM WV
• Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus PM WV
• Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei PM WV
• Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan AV
• White-eyed gull, Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus AV – near threatened
• Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus SPM
• Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla AV
• Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica PM
• Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia SPM
• Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis PM WV
• Common tern, Sterna hirundo SPM OB
• Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea AV
• Little tern, Sternula albifrons PM OB
• Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida PM
• White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus PM
• Black tern, Chlidonias niger SPM

Skuas

Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips, and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

• Arctic skua, Stercorarius parasiticus SPM
• Pomarine skua, Stercorarius pomarinus AV

Sandgrouse

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like heads and necks and sturdy compact bodies. The adults are sexually dimorphic with the males being slightly larger and more brightly colored than the females. They have eleven strong primary feathers and long pointed wings giving them a fast direct flight. The muscles of the wings are powerful and the birds are capable of rapid take off and sustained flight. There is a dense layer of under down which helps insulate the bird from extremes of heat and cold. The feathers of the belly are specially adapted for absorbing water and retaining it, allowing adults, particularly males, to carry water to chicks that may be many miles away from watering holes.

• Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata AV
• Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis PM FB

Pigeons and doves

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

• Rock dove, Columba livia RB
• Stock dove, Columba oenas SPM WV
• Common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus RB WV
• European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur PM MB – vulnerable
• Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis meena AV
• Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto RB
• Laughing dove, Spilopelia senegalensis RB IN (+ colonized)
• Namaqua dove, Oena capensis AV

Cuckoos, roadrunners and anis

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

• Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius PM MB (host species; hooded crow, Eurasian magpie)
• Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus PM MB (host species; Cyprus wheatear, eastern olivaceous warbler - Troodos Mountains)
• Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius AV

Barn owls

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

• Barn owl, Tyto alba RB MB

Typical owls

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

• Eurasian scops owl, Otus scops (O. s. scops PM, O. s. cycladum PM)
• Cyprus scops owl, Otus cyprius MB breeding endemic species
• Little owl, Athene noctua RB (A. n. lillith SRB)
• Long-eared owl, Asio otus RB PM
• Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus SPM

Nightjars

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

• Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus PM MB
• Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius AV (unlikely record)

Swifts

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

• Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba MB PM
• Common swift, Apus apus MB PM
• Pallid swift, Apus pallidus MB PM
• Little swift, Apus affinis SPM (probably breeding)

Hoopoes

This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. It is the only member of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

• Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops PM MB

Kingfishers

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

• Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis PM WV
• White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis PM SWV
• Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis SPM WV FB

Bee-eaters

• Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus PM
• European bee-eater, Merops apiaster MB PM

Rollers

• European roller, Coracias garrulous PM MB

Woodpeckers, sapsuckers and flickers

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

• Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla PM

Larks

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

• Desert lark, Ammomanes deserti AV
• Bar-tailed lark, Ammomanes cinctura AV
• Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra SRB PM WV
• Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata SPM
• Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla PM
• Lesser short-toed lark, Alaudala rufescens SPM
• Dupont's lark, Chersophilus duponti AV – near threatened
• Dunn's lark, Eremalauda dunni AV
• Crested lark, Galerida cristata cypriaca RB
• Woodlark, Lullula arborea RB WV PM
• Skylark, Alauda arvensis WV PM (A. a. cantarella, A. a. armenica)
• Shore lark, Eremophila alpestris penicillata? AV
• Temminck's horned lark, Eremophila bilopha AV

Swallows

• Sand martin, Riparia riparia PM
• Crag martin, Hirundo rupestris PM RB
• Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica PM MB (H. r. transitiva PM MB)
• Red-rumped swallow, Hirundo daurica PM MB
• Common house martin, Delichon urbica PM MB

Wagtails and pipits

• White wagtail, Motacilla alba WV PM OB (pied wagtail AV, masked wagtail AV, east-Siberian wagtail AV)
• Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola PM
• Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava flava PM (M. f. thunbergi PM, M. f. superciliaris PM, M. f. lutea AV, M. f. cinereocapilla AV)
• Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla feldegg PM MB
• Syke's wagtail, Motacilla beema SPM
• Grey wagtail, Motacilla cinerea WV PM OB
• Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi PM
• Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris PM
• Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii AV
• Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis AV
• Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis PM
• Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni AV
• Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis PM WV
• Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus PM
• Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta PM SWV (A. s. coutelli PM WV)
• Asian buff-bellied pipit, Anthus rubescens japonicus AV

Kinglets

• Goldcrest, Regulus regulus SWV
• Common firecrest, Regulus ignicapillus AV

Waxwings

• Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus AV

Hypocolius

The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.

• Grey hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus AV

Dippers

• White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus olympicus – extinct (endemic subspecies)

Wrens

• Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes RB

Accentors

• Dunnock, Prunella modularis WV PM

Thrushes and allies

• Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus AV
• Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula WV PM RB
• Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus AV
• Naumann's thrush, Turdus naumanni AV
• Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris SWV
• Redwing, Turdus iliacus SWV PM
• Song thrush, Turdus philomelos WV PM
• Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus WV PM

Cisticolas

• Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis RB
• Graceful prinia, Prinia gracilis AV

Cettid warblers

• Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti RB

Locustellid warblers

• Common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia AV
• River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis AV
• Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides PM

Acrocephalid warblers

• Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon WV
• Aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola AV
• Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus PM
• Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola AV
• Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus MB PM
• Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum AV
• Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris PM
• Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus PM OB
• Basra reed warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis AV – endangered
• Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida MB PM
• Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum AV
• Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida AV
• Melodious warbler, Hippolais polyglotta AV
• Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina SPM

Phylloscopid warblers

• Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus PM
• Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita PM WV (P. c. abietinus PM WV) (P. c. brevirostris PM)
• Siberian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus tristis SPM
• Mountain chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus AV
• Eastern Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis PM
• Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix PM
• Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus AV
• Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus AV
• Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus AV

Old-world warblers

• Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla PM WV
• Garden warbler, Sylvia borin PM
• Greater whitethroat, Sylvia communis PM
• Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca PM
• Asian desert warbler, Sylvia nana AV
• Barred warbler, Sylvia nisoria PM
• Eastern Orphean warbler, Sylvia crassirostris PM
• Arabian warbler, Sylvia leucomelaena AV
• Rüppell's warbler, Sylvia ruppeli PM
• Eastern subalpine warbler, Sylvia cantillans PM
• Sardinian warbler, Sylvia melanocephala RB WV PM
• Cyprus warbler, Sylvia melanothorax MB (breeding endemic species, overwinters some years)
• Menetries' warbler, Sylvia mystacea AV
• Spectacled warbler, Sylvia conspicillata RB

Old-World flycatchers

• Common rock thrush, Monticola saxatilis SPM
• Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius PM WV
• Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata PM MB
• European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca PM
• Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis PM
• Semi-collared flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata SPM
• Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva SPM
• European robin, Erithacus rubecula WV PM
• Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia SPM
• Nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos MB PM
• Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica PM WV
• Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus AV
• White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis AV
• Rufous-tailed bush robin, Cercotrichas galactotes AV
• Western black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros WV PM (eastern black redstart AV)
• Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus PM (Ehrenberg's redstart SPM)
• Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra PM
• European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola WV PM
• Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus SPM (Caspian stonechat AV)
• Pied stonechat, Saxicola caprata AV
• White-crowned black wheatear, Oenanthe leucopyga AV
• Hooded wheatear, Oenanthe monacha SPM
• Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe PM
• Mourning wheatear, Oenanthe lugens AV
• Finsch's wheatear, Oenanthe finschii SWV PM
• Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka AV
• Cyprus wheatear, Oenanthe cypriaca MB (breeding endemic species)
• Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica PM
• Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti SPM
• Kurdish wheatear, Oenanthe xanthoprymna AV
• Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina PM

Bearded reedling

• Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus AV

Tits

• Coal tit, Periparus ater AV (endemic subspecies P. a. cypriotes RB)
• Great tit, Parus major aphrodite RB

Wallcreeper

• Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria SWV

Treecreepers

• (Dorothy's) short-toed treecreeper, Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae RB (endemic subspecies)

Penduline tits

• Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus PM WV

Old-world orioles

• Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus PM MB

Shrikes

• Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio PM OB
• Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus PM
• Turkestan shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides AV
• Great grey shrike, Lanius excubitor AV (L. e. aucheri AV)
• Steppe grey shrike, Lanius excubitor pallidirostris AV
• Lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor PM
• Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus PM MB
• Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator PM

Crows, jays and allies

• Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius glaszneri RB (endemic subspecies)
• Magpie, Pica pica RB
• Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula RB
• Rook, Corvus frugilegus AV
• Common raven, Corvus corax SMB – critically endangered population
• Hooded crow, Corvus cornix RB
• Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis AV

Starlings

• Rosy starling, Pastor roseus SPM
• European starling, Sturnus vulgaris PM WV

Old-world buntings

• Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella PM SWV
• Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos AV
• Rock bunting, Emberiza cia AV
• Cirl bunting, Emberiza cirlus AV
• Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea PM – near threatened
• Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana PM
• Cretzschmar's bunting, Emberiza caesia PM MB
• House bunting, Emberiza sahari AV
• Striolated bunting, Emberiza striolata AV
• Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla AV
• Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola AV – endangered
• Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala MB
• Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus WV
• Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra PM MB RB
• Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustica AV – vulnerable

Finches

• Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs RB PM WV
• Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla WV
• Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus AV
• Common crossbill, Loxia curvirostra guillemardi RB
• European greenfinch, Chloris chloris RB WV PM
• Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea AV
• Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus WV
• European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis RB WV PM
• Common linnet, Linaria cannabina RB WV PM
• Red-fronted serin, Serinus pusillus AV
• European serin, Serinus serinus RB WV PM
• Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes PM WV
• Bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula AV
• Eurasian crimson-winged finch, Rhodopechys sanguineus AV
• Trumpeter finch, Rhodopechys githaginea PM WV
• Desert finch, Rhodospiza obsoleta AV

Old-world sparrows

• House sparrow, Passer domesticus RB PM
• Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis RB PM WV
• Dead Sea sparrow, Passer moabiticus FB AV
• Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus AV
• Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia PM
• Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla AV
• White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis AV

References

• "Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists" - Martin Collinson, British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306-323

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