| 词条 | American Campaign Medal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=American Campaign Medal |image=AmericanCM.png |image_size=110px |caption=American Campaign Medal |awarded_by=Department of War and Department of the Navy |type=Service medal |eligibility=U.S. military service in the American Theater for at least 30 days outside the U.S. or 1 year inside the U.S. between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946. |status=Inactive |first_award=December 7, 1941 |last_award=March 2, 1946 |total= |posthumous= |recipients= |individual= |same=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal |lower=World War II Victory Medal |image2= |caption2=Service ribbon and campaign streamer }} The American Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by {{ExecutiveOrder|9265}} issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[1][2] The medal was intended to recognize those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II.[2] A similar medal, known as the American Defense Service Medal was awarded for active duty service before the United States entry into World War II. HistoryThe American Campaign Medal was established per Executive Order 9265,6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 1, dated 1 January 1943, so that the ribbon could be authorized prior to design of the medal. The criteria for the medal were announced in DA Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948 and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600-65, dated 22 September 1948. The American Campaign Medal was issued as a service ribbon only during the Second World War, and wasn't issued as a full-sized medal until 1947.[2] The first recipient of the American Campaign Medal was General of the Army George C. Marshall, Jr.[2] CriteriaThe requirements for the American Campaign Medal were for service within the American Theater between 7 December 1941 and 2 March 1946 under any of the following conditions:[1]
The boundaries of American Theater are as follows: The eastern boundary is located from the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along the meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence south along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. The western boundary is located from the North Pole, south along the 141st meridian west longitude to the east boundary of Alaska, thence south and southeast along the Alaska boundary to the Pacific Ocean, thence south along the 130th meridian to its intersection with the 30th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 100th meridian west longitude, thence south to the South Pole. AppearanceThe medal, made of bronze, is {{convert|1+1/4|in|mm}} inches wide. The obverse was designed by Thomas Hudson Jones. It shows a Navy cruiser underway with a B-24 Liberator bomber flying overhead. In the foreground is a sinking enemy submarine, and in the background is the skyline of a city. At the top of the medal are the words AMERICAN CAMPAIGN. The reverse of the medal, designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman, is the same design as used on the reverse of both the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal and the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal. It depicts an American bald eagle between the dates 1941 - 1945 and the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.[2] The ribbon is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm}} inches wide in oriental blue in the center is a {{convert|1/8|in|mm}} inch center stripe divided into thirds of old glory blue, white, and scarlet. Between the center and the edges are stripes of {{convert|1/16|in|mm}} inch in white, black, scarlet and white. The blue color represents the Americas; the central blue, white and red stripes, taken from the American Defense Service Medal ribbon, represents the continuance of American defense after Pearl Harbor. The white and black stripes represent the German part of the conflict on the Atlantic Coast, while the red and white stripes are for the Japanese colors and refer to that part of the conflict on the Pacific Coast.[2] Ribbon devices3/16 inch service stars were authorized to service members who participated in combat with Axis forces within the American Theater. This primarily applied to those service members whose units participated in anti-U-Boat patrols (Anti-submarine warfare) in the Atlantic.[3] CampaignsNavy campaignsParticipation in these escort, antisubmarine, armed guard, and special operations entitle recipients to one campaign star for each participation:[4]
Army campaignsA bronze service star is authorized for participation in the antisubmarine campaign. To qualify individuals must have been assigned to or attached to, and present for duty with, a unit with antisubmarine campaign credit.[2] References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Army Regulation 600–8–22 Military Awards|publisher=Headquarters Department of the Army|location=Washington, DC|pages=69-70|url=http://www.apd.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/r600_8_22.pdf|date=25 June 2015 |accessdate=2017-05-14}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=American Campaign Medal|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15297&CategoryId=4&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|publisher=The Institute of Heraldry|accessdate=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021841/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15297&CategoryId=4&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|archive-date=2014-11-29|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Title 32 - National Defense § 578.50 American Campaign Medal.|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2008-title32-vol3/xml/CFR-2008-title32-vol3-sec578-50.xml|publisher=Government Printing Office|accessdate=18 March 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=American Campaign Medal|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/medals/acsm.htm|publisher=Navy History and Heritage Command|accessdate=18 March 2013}} Further reading
| last = Foster |first= Frank C.|title= A complete guide to all United States military medals, 1939 to present | location = Fountain Inn, S.C. |publisher= MOA Press|year= 2002| ISBN= 1-884-45218-3|OCLC= 54755134}}
| last = Kerrigan |first= Evans E.|title= American war medals and decorations | location = New York |publisher= Viking Press|year= 1971| ISBN= 0-670-12101-0|OCLC= 128058}}
| last = Kerrigan |first= Evans E.|title= American medals and decorations | location = Noroton Heights, CT |publisher= Medallic|year= 1990| ISBN=0-792-45082-5 |OCLC=21467942 }}
| last = Robles|first=Philip K. |title= United States military medals and ribbons | location = Rutland, VT |publisher= C. E. Tuttle|year= 1971 |ISBN = 0-804-80048-0|OCLC=199721}} External links
2 : United States campaign medals|American Theater of World War II |
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