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词条 List of brightest stars
释义

  1. Measurement

  2. Main table

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{About|apparent magnitude|absolute magnitude|List of most luminous stars}}

This is a list of the brightest stars down to magnitude +2.50, as determined by their maximum, total, or combined visual magnitudes as viewed from Earth. Although several of the brightest stars are known binary or multiple star systems and are relatively close to Earth, they appear to the naked eye as single stars. The list below combines/adds the magnitudes of bright individual components. Most of the proper names in this list are those approved by the Working Group on Star Names.[1] Popular star names here that have not been approved by the IAU appear with a short note.

Measurement

The Sun is the brightest star as viewed from Earth. The apparent visual magnitudes of the brightest stars can also be compared to non-stellar objects in our Solar System. Here the maximum visible magnitudes above the second brightest star, Sirius (−1.46), are as follows. Excluding the Sun, the brightest objects are the Moon (−12.7), Venus (−4.89), Jupiter (−2.94), Mars (−2.91), Mercury (−2.45), and Saturn (−0.49).

Any exact order of the visual brightness of stars is not perfectly defined for four reasons:

  • Stellar brightness is traditionally based on the apparent visual magnitude as perceived by the human eye, from the brightest stars of 1st magnitude to the faintest at 6th magnitude. Since the invention of the optical telescope and the documenting of binary stars and multiple star systems, stellar brightness could be expressed as either individual (separate) or total (combined) magnitude. The table is ordered by combined magnitude of all naked eye components appearing as if it they were single stars. Such multiple star systems are indicated by parentheses showing the individual magnitudes of component stars bright enough to make a detectable contribution. For example, the double star Alpha Centauri has the total or combined magnitude of −0.27, while its two component stars have magnitudes of +0.01 and +1.33.[2]
  • New or more accurate photometry, standard filters, or adopting differing methods using standard stars can measure stellar magnitudes slightly differently. This may change the apparent order of lists of bright stars. The table shows measured V magnitudes, which use a specific filter that closely approximates human vision. However, other kinds of magnitude systems do exist based on different wavelengths, some well away from the distribution of the visible wavelengths of light, and these apparent magnitudes vary dramatically in the different systems.[3] For example, Betelgeuse has the K-band (infra-red) apparent magnitude of −4.05.[4]
  • Some stars, like Betelgeuse and Antares, are variable stars, changing their magnitude over days, months or years. In the table, the range of variation is indicated with var. Single magnitude values quoted for variable stars come from a variety of sources. Magnitudes are expressed within the table are when the stars are either at maximum brightness, which is repeated for every cycle, e.g., the eclipsing binary Algol; or, if the variations are small, as a simple average magnitude. For all red variable stars, describing a single maximum brightness is often difficult because each cycle produces a different maximum brightness, which is thought to be caused by poorly understood pulsations in stellar evolution processes. Such quoted stellar brightness is sometimes based on the average maximum apparent magnitude [5] from estimated maximums over many observed light-curve cycles, sometimes spanning across centuries. Results often quoted in the literature are not necessarily straightforward and may differ in expressing an alternate value for a singular maximum brightness or as a range of values.
  • A select number of stars, thought to be uniformly fixed in brightness, are used as standard stars. These standard stars have carefully determined magnitudes that have been analysed over many years, and are often used to determine other star's magnitudes or their stellar parameters using comparatively consistent scales.[6]

Main table

The source of magnitudes cited in this list is the linked Wikipedia articles—this basic list is a catalog of what Wikipedia itself documents. References can be found in the individual articles.

Rank Visual magnitude (mV) Proper name[1] Bayer designation Distance (ly) Spectral class
10.000{{ntsh>-26.74}}−26.74 Sun   0.000015813
20.001{{ntsh>-1.46}}−1.46 Sirius α CMa 0008.6
30.003{{ntsh>-0.74}}−0.74 Canopus α Car 0310
40.004{{ntsh>-0.27}}−0.27 (0.01 + 1.33) Rigil Kentaurus + Toliman α Cen 0004.4
50.005{{ntsh>-0.05}}−0.05 Arcturus α Boo 0037
60.03}}0.03 (−0.02 - 0.07var) Vega α Lyr 0025
70.08}}0.08 (0.03 - 0.16var) Capella α Aur 0042
80.13}}0.13 (0.05 - 0.18var) Rigel β Ori 0860
90.34}}0.34 Procyon α CMi 0011
100.46}}0.46 (0.40 - 0.46var) Achernar α Eri 0140
110.50}} 0.50 (0.2 - 1.2var) Betelgeuse α Ori 0640
120.61}}0.61 Hadar β Cen 0350
130.76}}0.76 Altair α Aql 0017
140.76}}0.76 (1.33 + 1.73) Acrux α Cru 0320
150.86}}0.86 (0.75 - 0.95var) Aldebaran α Tau 0065
160.96}}0.96 (0.6 - 1.6var) Antares α Sco 0600
170.97}}0.97 (0.97 - 1.04var) Spica α Vir 0260
181.14}}1.14 Pollux β Gem 0034
191.16}}1.16 Fomalhaut α PsA 0025
201.25}}1.25 (1.21 - 1.29var) Deneb α Cyg 2,600
211.25}}1.25 (1.23 - 1.31var) Mimosa β Cru 0350
221.39}}1.39 Regulus α Leo 0077
231.50}}1.50 Adhara ε CMa 0430
241.62}}1.62 Shaula λ Sco 0700
251.62}}1.62 (1.98 + 2.97) Castor α Gem 0052
261.64}}1.64 Gacrux γ Cru 0088
271.64}}1.64 Bellatrix γ Ori 0240
281.65}}1.65 Elnath β Tau 0130
291.69}}1.69 Miaplacidus β Car 0110
301.69}}1.69 (1.64 - 1.74var) Alnilam ε Ori 2,000
311.72}}1.72 (1.81 - 1.87var + 4.27)Name does not appear in the IAU Catalog of Star Names}} γ1,2 Vel 0840
321.74}}1.74 Alnair α Gru 0100
331.77}}1.77 Alioth ε UMa 0081
341.77}}1.77 Alnitak ζ Ori A 0820
351.79}}1.79 Dubhe α UMa 0120
361.80}}1.80 Mirfak α Per 0590
371.82}}1.82 Wezen δ CMa 1,800
381.84}}1.84 Sargas θ Sco 0270
391.85}}1.85 Kaus Australis ε Sgr 0140
401.86}}1.86 Avior ε Car 0630
411.86}}1.86 Alkaid η UMa 0100
421.90}}1.90 (1.89 - 1.94var) Menkalinan β Aur 0100
431.91}}1.91 Atria α TrA 0420
441.92}}1.92 Alhena γ Gem 0100
451.94}}1.94 Peacock α Pav 0180
461.96}}1.96 (1.99 - 2.39var + 5.57) Alsephina δ Vel 0080
471.98}}1.98 Mirzam β CMa 0500
482.00}}2.00 Alphard α Hya 0180
491.98}}1.98 (1.86 - 2.13var) Polaris α UMi 0430
502.00}}2.00 Hamal α Ari 0066
512.01}}2.08 (2.37 + 3.64) Algieba γ1 Leo 0130
522.02}}2.02 Diphda β Cet 0096
532.04}}2.04 Mizar ζ UMa 0078
542.05}}2.05 Nunki σ Sgr 0220
552.06}}2.06 Menkent θ Cen 0061
562.05}}2.05 (2.01 - 2.10var) Mirach β And 0200
572.06}}2.06 Alpheratz α And 0097
582.07}}2.07 Rasalhague α Oph 0047
592.08}}2.08 Kochab β UMi 0130
602.09}}2.09 Saiph κ Ori 0720
612.11}}2.11 Denebola β Leo 0036
622.12}}2.12 (2.1 - 3.39var) Algol β Per 0093
632.15}}2.15 (2.0 - 2.3var) Tiaki β Gru 0170
642.17}}2.17 Muhlifain γ Cen 0130
652.21}}2.21 Aspidiske ι Car 0690
662.21}}2.21 (2.14 - 2.30var) Suhail λ Vel 0570
672.23}}2.23 (2.21 - 2.32var) Alphecca α CrB 0075
682.23}}2.23 (2.23 - 2.35var) Mintaka δ Ori 0900
692.23}}2.23 Sadr γ Cyg 1,500
702.23}}2.23 Eltanin γ Dra 0150
712.24}}2.24 Schedar α Cas 0230
722.25}}2.25 Naos ζ Pup 1,100
732.26}}2.26 Almach γ And 0350
742.28}}2.28 (2.25 - 2.31var) Caph β Cas 0054
752.29}}2.29 Izar ε Boo 0202
762.30}}2.30 (2.29 - 2.34var) – α Lup 0550
772.30}}2.30 (2.29 - 2.31var) – ε Cen 0380
782.31}}2.31 (1.6 - 2.32var) Dschubba δ Sco 0400
792.31}}2.31 Larawag ε Sco 0065
802.35}}2.35 (2.30 - 2.41var) – η Cen 0310
812.37}}2.37 Merak β UMa 0079
822.38}}2.38 Ankaa α Phe 0077
832.39}}2.39 – κ Sco 0460
842.40}}2.40 (0.7 - 3.0var) Enif ε Peg 0670
852.42}}2.42 (2.31 - 2.74var) Scheat β Peg 0200
862.43}}2.43 Sabik η Oph 0088
872.44}}2.44 Phecda γ UMa 0084
882.45}}2.45 Aludra η CMa 2,000
892.46}}2.46 Markeb κ Vel 0540
902.47}}2.47 (1.6 - 3.0var) – γ Cas 0610
912.48}}2.48 Markab α Peg 0140
922.48}}2.48 Aljanah ε Cyg 0072
932.50}}2.50 Acrab β Sco 0404

See also

{{Portal|Star}}{{Wikipedia books|The Brightest Stars}}
  • Lists of astronomical objects
  • 88 modern constellations by area
  • Historical brightest stars: the brightest star in Earth's night sky at each period within the last or next 5 million year
  • List of brightest natural objects in the sky
  • List of largest stars
  • List of most luminous stars
  • List of nearest bright stars
  • List of nearest galaxies
  • List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
  • Lists of constellations
  • Lists of stars
  • Lists of stars by constellation
  • Stars and planetary systems in fiction

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/#table|title=Naming Stars|publisher=IAU Division C WG Star Names|accessdate=12 August 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal|title=The Bright star catalogue|year=1991|author1=Hoffleit|first1=Dorrit|last2=Jaschek|first2=Carlos|journal=New Haven|bibcode=1991bsc..book.....H}}
3. ^{{cite journal|title=Standard Photometric Systems|author1=Bessell|first1=Michael S.|year=2005|journal=Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=43|pages=293|bibcode=2005ARA&A..43..293B|doi=10.1146/annurev.astro.41.082801.100251}}
4. ^{{cite journal|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|author1=Ducati|first1=J. R.|year=2002|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Macmillan Dictionary of Astronomy (Illingworth, Valerie, 1985)|work=Dictionary Series|publisher=Springer|edition=Second |page=237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAeyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA237|accessdate=24 September 2016}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars Around the Celestial Equator: Updates and Additions|author1=Landolt|first1=Arlo U.|year=2009|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=137|issue=5|pages=4186|bibcode=2009AJ....137.4186L|arxiv=0904.0638|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/5/4186}}

External links

  • 25 Brightest Stars, as Seen from the Earth
  • The Brightest Stars at An Atlas of the Universe
  • The Magnitude system
  • About stellar magnitudes
{{star}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Brightest Stars, List Of}}

3 : Lists of stars|Light sources|Lists of superlatives in astronomy
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