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词条 List of Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites
释义

  1. John F. Kennedy Space Center

  2. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

      Active sites    Inactive sites  

  3. Spaceport Florida

  4. Other

  5. References

  6. External links

{{More footnotes|date=December 2010}}

Cape Canaveral and adjacent Merritt Island on Florida's Atlantic coast are home to two American spaceports, one civilian and one military, servicing several active launch sites.

John F. Kennedy Space Center

The civilian John F. Kennedy Space Center, operated by NASA, has one launch complex with two pads on Merritt Island. From 1968–1975, it was the site of 13 Saturn V launches, three manned Skylab flights and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; all Space Shuttle flights from 1981–2011, and one Ares 1-X flight in 2009.

Site Status Uses
Launch Complex 39AActive
Owned by NASA,
Leased to SpaceX		Current: Falcon Heavy, Falcon 9 Block 5
Prior: Saturn V, Space Shuttle
Future: BFR (rocket)
Launch Complex 39B Inactive
Owned by NASA,
will be used by Northrop Grumman Innovation Sys.		 Prior: Saturn V, Saturn IB (Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz), Space Shuttle
Future: Space Launch System, Omega
Launch Complex 49 (old 39C) 1963 Plan, Never built
Owned by NASA,
Environmental study Blue Origin		 Prior: planned Saturn V, not built
Future (potential, if built): New Armstrong

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

The military Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), operated by the 45th Space Wing of the U.S. Air Force, was the site of all U.S. manned launches before Apollo 8, as well as many other early Department of Defense (DoD) and NASA launches. For the DoD, it plays a secondary role to Vandenberg AFB in California, but is the launch site for many NASA unmanned space probes, as those spacecraft are typically launched on Air Force launchers. Active launch vehicles are in bold.

Much of the support activity for CCAFS occurs at Patrick Air Force Base to the south, its reporting base.

Active sites

Site Status Uses
Launch Complex 13
(Landing Zone 1 and 2)		ActiveCurrent: Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy first stage landing site[1]
Formerly: Atlas, Atlas Agena
Space Launch Complex 37BActiveCurrent: Delta IV
Formerly: Saturn I, Saturn IB, planned Saturn C-3
Space Launch Complex 40ActiveCurrent: Falcon 9 Block 5
Formerly: Titan III, Titan IV, Falcon 9 v1.0, Falcon 9 1.1
Space Launch Complex 41ActiveCurrent: Atlas V
Formerly: Titan III, Titan IV
Future: Vulcan
Launch Complex 47Active (has been unused for some time)Current: Rocketsonde Sounding Rocket and Super Loki

Inactive sites

Site Status Uses
Launch Complex 1InactiveSnark, Matador, Aerostat
Launch Complex 2InactiveSnark, Matador, Aerostat
Launch Complex 3InactiveBumper-WAC, BOMARC, Polaris, X-17
Launch Complex 4InactiveBOMARC, Redstone, Matador, Jason, Draco
Launch Complex 4AInactiveBOMARC
Launch Complex 5InactiveJupiter, Redstone, Mercury/Redstone.
The site of all six manned and unmanned Mercury/Redstone launches.
Launch Complex 6InactiveRedstone, Jupiter
Launch Complex 9InactiveNavaho
Launch Complex 10InactiveJason, Draco, Nike Tomahawk
Launch Complex 11Undergoing renovation New GlennAtlas
Future BE-4 test stand area for New Glenn
Launch Complex 12InactiveAtlas, Atlas Agena
Launch Complex 14InactiveAtlas, Mercury/Atlas D, Atlas Agena
The site of all four manned Mercury/Atlas launches.
Launch Complex 15InactiveTitan I, Titan II
Launch Complex 16Inactive - Leased to Relativity SpaceTitan I, Titan II, Pershing 1a, Future: Terran 1
Launch Complex 17ADemolishedThor, Delta II
Launch Complex 17BDemolishedDelta II, Delta III, Thor
Launch Complex 18InactiveViking, Vanguard, Thor, Blue Scout Junior, Blue Scout
Launch Complex 19InactiveTitan I, Gemini/Titan II.
The site of all ten manned Gemini/Titan II launches.
Launch Complex 20Inactive - Leased to Firefly AerospaceTitan I, Titan III, Starbird, Prospector, Aries, LCLV, Super Loki

Future: Alpha, Beta

Launch Complex 21InactiveGoose, Mace
Launch Complex 22InactiveGoose, Mace
Launch Complex 25InactivePolaris, X-17, Poseidon, Trident I
Launch Complex 26InactiveJupiter, Redstone
Launch site of Explorer 1 - the first successful U.S. satellite
Launch Complex 29InactivePolaris[2]
Launch Complex 30AInactivePershing 1
Launch Complex 31InactiveMinuteman, Pershing 1a.
Used as a burial vault for the Space Shuttle Challenger
Launch Complex 32InactiveMinuteman
Launch Complex 34InactiveSaturn I, Saturn IB.
Site of Apollo 1 fire & Apollo 7 launch
Launch Complex 37ADemolishedSaturn I, Saturn IB (unused)
Launch Complex 43DemolishedSuper Loki
Launch Complex 45DemolishedNone

Spaceport Florida

{{main|Space Florida}}{{as of|2008}}, the U.S. Air Force committed to lease Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 36 to Space Florida for future use by the Athena III launch system.[3] It is not known if the plan was subsequently implemented.{{update after|2011|11|20}} Blue Origin leased Complex 36 in 2015, with plans to launch its reusable orbital vehicle from there by 2020.[4]
Site Status Uses
Space Launch Complex 36AUndergoing renovation for New Glenn[4][3] Atlas II{{Citation needed>date=December 2010}}, New Glenn (future)[4]
Space Launch Complex 36BUndergoing renovation for New Glenn[4]Atlas, Atlas II, Atlas III, New Glenn (future)[4]
Space Launch Complex 46 Pending Reactivation[5]Athena, Trident II,[6] Minotaur IV (future)[7], Vector-R (future)

Other

Site Status Uses
Atlantic Missile Range drop zone Inactive High Virgo, Bold Orion, Hound Dog, Skybolt
Grand Turk Auxiliary AFB, Grand Turk Island drop zone Inactive Arcas (All-Purpose Rocket for Collecting Atmospheric Soundings)
Mobile Launch Area Inactive Lark, Matador, Snark[8]
Eastern SLBM Launch Area Active Polaris, Poseidon, Trident
Shuttle Landing Facility Active Pegasus, X-37B
Cape Canaveral AFS Skid Strip Active Navaho, Pegasus, Pegasus XL
Patrick AFB Inactive Matador

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Gruss|first1=Mike|title=SpaceX Leases Florida Launch Pad for Falcon Landings|url=http://spacenews.com/spacex-leases-cape-canaveral-launch-pad-for-falcon-landings/|website=Spacenews|accessdate=13 February 2015}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.afspacemuseum.org/CCAFS/CX29/|title=Launch Complex 29|accessdate=2011-12-15|publisher=Air Force Space & Missile Museum|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407022019/http://www.afspacemuseum.org/CCAFS/CX29/|archivedate=7 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/ATHENA10278.xml&headline=Boeing%20Joins%20Commercial%20Athena%20III%20Program&channel=space |title=Boeing Joins Commercial Athena III Program |author=Craig Covault |date=Oct 27, 2008 |accessdate=2010-12-23}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blog/coming-to-the-space-coast|title=Coming to the Space Coast|date=2015-09-15|website=Blue Origin|access-date=2016-06-28}}
5. ^{{cite news |last=Messier|first=Doug |title=ATK to Upgrade Space Florida's Launch Complex 46 |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/11/atk-upgrade-space-floridas-launch-complex-46/ |accessdate=24 December 2014 |work=Parabolic Arc |date=11 February 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Complex 46|url=http://www.robsv.com/cape/c46.html|website=robsv.com|accessdate=7 May 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=U.S. Air Force’s ORS-5 Satellite To Launch on Minotaur 4|url=http://spacenews.com/u-s-air-forces-ors-5-satellite-to-launch-on-minotaur-4/}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD, CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, LAUNCH COMPLEX 34 OPERATIONS SUPPORT BUILDING|url=http://environmental.ksc.nasa.gov/projects/documents/LC34.pdf|website=National Aeronautic and Space Administration|accessdate=28 September 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227033749/https://environmental.ksc.nasa.gov/projects/documents/lc34.pdf|archivedate=27 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20031031090517/http://astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htm Encyclopedia Astronautica entry]
  • Google Earth Merritt Island Tour
{{Merritt Island}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2010}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites}}

9 : Kennedy Space Center|Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Rocket launch sites in the United States|Spaceports in the United States|Merritt Island, Florida|Technology-related lists|Space lists|Lists of buildings and structures in Florida|Space Shuttle program
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