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词条 List of chemical elements
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{{short description|A list of the 118 identified chemical elements}}

This is a list of the 118 chemical elements which have been identified as of 2019. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a species of atoms which all have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e., the same atomic number, or Z).[1]

Perhaps the most popular visualization of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, a convenient tabular arrangement of the elements by their chemical properties that uses abbreviated chemical symbols in place of full element names, but the simpler list format presented here may also be useful. Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.

List

Note that the densities of synthetic elements depend on the isotope.

List of chemical elements
name=fn10SymbolElementOrigin of name[2][3]GroupPeriod[4][5] {{nowrap>1={{nobold|1=(u (±))1={{nobold|1=({{sfrac|g|cm3)1={{nobold|(K)[6]1={{nobold|(K)name=fn10 {{nowrap|1={{nobold|1=({{sfrac|J|g{{dotK)1=(χ){{efn-ur|name=fn10name=fn8 {{nowrap|1={{nobold|1=({{sfrac|mg|kg)
 
1 Hydrogen Greek elements hydro- and -gen, meaning 'water-forming' 1 1 001|1.008}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.00008988 0014|14.01}} 20.28 14.304 2.20 1400
2 Helium Greek hḗlios, 'sun' 18 1 004|4.002602(2)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}} 0.0001785 name=fn6}} 4.22 5.193 – 0.008
3 Lithium Greek líthos, 'stone' 1 2 007|6.94}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn5}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.534 0454|453.69}} 1560 3.582 0.98 20
4 Beryllium beryl, a mineral (ultimately from the name of Belur in southern India) 2 2 009|9.0121831(5)}} 1.85 1560|1560}} 2742 1.825 1.57 2.8
5 Boron borax, a mineral (from Arabic bawraq) 13 2 011|10.81{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 2.34 2349|2349}} 4200 1.026 2.04 10
6 Carbon Latin carbo, 'coal' 14 2 012|12.011{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 2.267 3800|3800}} 4300 0.709 2.55 200
7 Nitrogen Greek nítron and -gen, meaning 'niter-forming' 15 2 014|14.007{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.0012506 0063|63.15}} 77.36 1.04 3.04 19
8 Oxygen Greek oxy- and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming' 16 2 016|15.999{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.001429 0054|54.36}} 90.20 0.918 3.44 461000
9 Fluorine Latin fluere, 'to flow' 17 2 019|18.998403163(6)}} 0.001696 0053.5|53.53}} 85.03 0.824 3.98 585
10 Neon Greek néon, 'new' 18 2 020|20.1797(6){{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}}}} 0.0008999 0024.56|24.56}} 27.07 1.03 – 0.005
11 Sodium English soda (the symbol Na is derived from New Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron') 1 3 023|22.98976928(2)}} 0.971 0371|370.87}} 1156 1.228 0.93 23600
12 Magnesium Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece 2 3 024|24.305}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 1.738 0923|923}} 1363 1.023 1.31 23300
13 Aluminium alumina, from Latin alumen (gen. aluminis), 'bitter salt, alum' 13 3 027|26.9815384(3)}} 2.698 0933.5|933.47}} 2792 0.897 1.61 82300
14 Silicon Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) 14 3 028|28.085}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 2.3296 1687|1687}} 3538 0.705 1.9 282000
15 Phosphorus Greek phōsphóros, 'light-bearing' 15 3 031|30.973761998(5)}} 1.82 0317.3|317.30}} 550 0.769 2.19 1050
16 Sulfur Latin sulphur, 'brimstone' 16 3 032|32.06}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 2.067 0388.4|388.36}} 717.87 0.71 2.58 350
17 Chlorine Greek chlōrós, 'greenish yellow' 17 3 035|35.45}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.003214 0171.6|171.6}} 239.11 0.479 3.16 145
18 Argon Greek argós, 'idle' (because of its inertness) 18 3 040|39.948}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 0.0017837 0083.8|83.80}} 87.30 0.52 – 3.5
19 Potassium New Latin potassa, 'potash' (the symbol K is derived from Latin kalium) 1 4 039|39.0983(1)}} 0.862 0336.5|336.53}} 1032 0.757 0.82 20900
20 Calcium Latin calx, 'lime' 2 4 041|40.078(4)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}} 1.54 1115|1115}} 1757 0.647 1 41500
21 Scandium Latin Scandia, 'Scandinavia' 3 4 045|44.955908(5)}} 2.989 1814|1814}} 3109 0.568 1.36 22
22 Titanium Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology 4 4 048|47.867(1)}} 4.54 1941|1941}} 3560 0.523 1.54 5650
23 Vanadium Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja 5 4 051|50.9415(1)}} 6.11 2183|2183}} 3680 0.489 1.63 120
24 Chromium Greek chróma, 'colour' 6 4 052|51.9961(6)}} 7.15 2180|2180}} 2944 0.449 1.66 102
25 Manganese corrupted from magnesia negra; see Magnesium 7 4 055|54.938043(2)}} 7.44 1519|1519}} 2334 0.479 1.55 950
26 Iron English word (the symbol Fe is derived from Latin ferrum) 8 4 056|55.845(2)}} 7.874 1811|1811}} 3134 0.449 1.83 56300
27 Cobalt German Kobold, 'goblin' 9 4 059|58.933194(3)}} 8.86 1768|1768}} 3200 0.421 1.88 25
28 Nickel Nickel, a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology 10 4 058|58.6934(4)}} 8.912 1728|1728}} 3186 0.444 1.91 84
29 Copper English word, from Latin cuprum, from Ancient Greek Kýpros 'Cyprus' 11 4 064|63.546(3)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}} 8.96 1357.77 2835 0.385 1.9 60
30 Zinc Most likely from German Zinke, 'prong' or 'tooth', though some suggest Persian sang, 'stone' 12 4 065|65.38(2)}} 7.134 0693|692.88}} 1180 0.388 1.65 70
31 Gallium Latin Gallia, 'France' 13 4 070|69.723(1)}} 5.907 0302.9|302.9146}} 2673 0.371 1.81 19
32 Germanium Latin Germania, 'Germany' 14 4 073|72.630(8)}} 5.323 1211.40 3106 0.32 2.01 1.5
33 Arsenic French arsenic, from Greek arsenikón 'yellow arsenic' (influenced by arsenikós, 'masculine' or 'virile'), from a West Asian wanderword ultimately from Old Iranian *zarniya-ka, 'golden' 15 4 075|74.921595(6)}} 5.776 1090|1090 {{efn-ur|name=fn7}}}} 887 0.329 2.18 1.8
34 Selenium Greek selḗnē, 'moon' 16 4 079|78.971(8)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}} 4.809 0453|453}} 958 0.321 2.55 0.05
35 Bromine Greek brômos, 'stench' 17 4 080|79.904}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9}} 3.122 0265.8|265.8}} 332.0 0.474 2.96 2.4
36 Krypton Greek kryptós, 'hidden' 18 4 084|83.798(2)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}} 0.003733 0115.8|115.79}} 119.93 0.248 3 .0001|1×10−4}}
37 Rubidium Latin rubidus, 'deep red' 1 5 085|85.4678(3)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}} 1.532 0312.5|312.46}} 961 0.363 0.82 90
38 Strontium Strontian, a village in Scotland 2 5 087|87.62(1)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}} 2.64 1050 1655 0.301 0.95 370
39 Yttrium Ytterby, a village in Sweden 3 5 089|88.90584(1)}} 4.469 1799 3609 0.298 1.22 33
40 Zirconium zircon, a mineral 4 5 091|91.224(2)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}} 6.506 2128 4682 0.278 1.33 165
41 Niobium Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology 5 5 093|92.90637(1)}} 8.57 2750 5017 0.265 1.6 20
42 Molybdenum Greek molýbdaina, 'piece of lead', from mólybdos, 'lead' 6 5 096|95.95(1)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}} 10.22 2896 4912 0.251 2.16 1.2
43 Technetium Greek tekhnētós, 'artificial' 7 5 098|[98]{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}}} 11.5 2430 4538 – 1.9 .000000003|~ 3×10−9}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
44 Ruthenium New Latin Ruthenia, 'Russia' 8 5 name=fn2}} 12.37 2607 4423 0.238 2.2 0.001
45 Rhodium Greek rhodóeis, 'rose-coloured', from rhódon, 'rose' 9 5 102.90549(2) 12.41 2237 3968 0.243 2.28 0.001
46 Palladium the asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time 10 5 name=fn2}} 12.02 1828.05 3236 0.244 2.2 0.015
47 Silver English word (The symbol derives from Latin argentum) 11 5 name=fn2}} 10.501 1234.93 2435 0.235 1.93 0.075
48 Cadmium New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos 12 5 name=fn2}} 8.69 0594.22|594.22}} 1040 0.232 1.69 0.159
49 Indium Latin indicum, 'indigo' (colour found in its spectrum) 13 5 114.818(1) 7.31 0429.75|429.75}} 2345 0.233 1.78 0.25
50 Tin English word (The symbol derives from Latin stannum) 14 5 name=fn2}} 7.287 0505.08|505.08}} 2875 0.228 1.96 2.3
51 Antimony Latin antimonium, the origin of which is uncertain: folk etymologies suggest it is derived from Greek antí ('against') + mónos ('alone'), or Old French anti-moine, 'Monk's bane', but it could plausibly be from or related to Arabic ʾiṯmid, 'antimony', reformatted as a Latin word. (The symbol derives from Latin stibium 'stibnite'.) 15 5 name=fn2}} 6.685 0903.78|903.78}} 1860 0.207 2.05 0.2
52 Tellurium Latin tellus, 'the ground, earth' 16 5 name=fn2}} 6.232 0722.66|722.66}} 1261 0.202 2.1 0.001
53 Iodine French iode, from Greek ioeidḗs, 'violet') 17 5 126.90447(3) 4.93 0386.85|386.85}} 457.4 0.214 2.66 0.45
54 Xenon Greek xénon, neuter form of xénos 'strange' 18 5 name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3}} 0.005887 0161.4|161.4}} 165.03 0.158 2.6 .00003|3×10−5}}
55 Caesium Latin caesius, 'sky-blue' 1 6 132.90545196(6) 1.873 0301.59|301.59}} 944 0.242 0.79 3
56 Barium Greek barýs, 'heavy' 2 6 137.327(7) 3.594 1000 2170 0.204 0.89 425
57 Lanthanum Greek lanthánein, 'to lie hidden' 3 6 name=fn2}} 6.145 1193 3737 0.195 1.1 39
58 Cerium the dwarf planet Ceres, considered a planet at the time 6 name=fn2}} 6.77 1068 3716 0.192 1.12 66.5
59 Praseodymium Greek prásios dídymos, 'green twin' 6 140.90766(1) 6.773 1208 3793 0.193 1.13 9.2
60 Neodymium Greek néos dídymos, 'new twin' 6 name=fn2}} 7.007 1297 3347 0.19 1.14 41.5
61 Promethium Prometheus of Greek mythology 6 145|[145]{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}}} 7.26 1315 3273 – 1.13 .0000000000000000002|2×10−19}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
62 Samarium samarskite, a mineral named after Colonel Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets, Russian mine official 6 name=fn2}} 7.52 1345 2067 0.197 1.17 7.05
63 Europium Europe 6 name=fn2}} 5.243 1099 1802 0.182 1.2 2
64 Gadolinium gadolinite, a mineral named after Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist 6 name=fn2}} 7.895 1585 3546 0.236 1.2 6.2
65 Terbium Ytterby, a village in Sweden 6 158.925354(8) 8.229 1629 3503 0.182 1.2 1.2
66 Dysprosium Greek dysprósitos, 'hard to get' 6 name=fn2}} 8.55 1680 2840 0.17 1.22 5.2
67 Holmium New Latin Holmia, 'Stockholm' 6 164.930328(7) 8.795 1734 2993 0.165 1.23 1.3
68 Erbium Ytterby, a village in Sweden 6 name=fn2}} 9.066 1802 3141 0.168 1.24 3.5
69 Thulium Thule, the ancient name for an unclear northern location 6 168.934218(6) 9.321 1818 2223 0.16 1.25 0.52
70 Ytterbium Ytterby, a village in Sweden 6 name=fn2}} 6.965 1097 1469 0.155 1.1 3.2
71 Lutetium Latin Lutetia, 'Paris' 6 name=fn2}} 9.84 1925 3675 0.154 1.27 0.8
72 Hafnium New Latin Hafnia, 'Copenhagen' (from Danish havn) 4 6 178.49(2) 13.31 2506 4876 0.144 1.3 3
73 Tantalum King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology 5 6 180.94788(2) 16.654 3290 5731 0.14 1.5 2
74 Tungsten Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (The symbol is from wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite) 6 6 183.84(1) 19.25 3695 5828 0.132 2.36 1.3
75 Rhenium Latin Rhenus, 'the Rhine' 7 6 186.207(1) 21.02 3459 5869 0.137 1.9 .0007|7×10−4}}
76 Osmium Greek osmḗ, 'smell' 8 6 name=fn2}} 22.61 3306 5285 0.13 2.2 0.002
77 Iridium Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow 9 6 192.217(2) 22.56 2719 4701 0.131 2.2 0.001
78 Platinum Spanish platina, 'little silver', from plata 'silver' 10 6 195.084(9) 21.46 2041.4 4098 0.133 2.28 0.005
79 Gold English word (The symbol derives from Latin aurum) 11 6 196.966570(4) 19.282 1337.33 3129 0.129 2.54 0.004
80 Mercury Mercury, Roman god of commerce, communication, and luck, known for his speed and mobility (The symbol is from the element's Latin name hydrargyrum, derived from Greek hydrárgyros, 'water-silver') 12 6 200.592(3) 13.5336 0234.43|234.43}} 629.88 0.14 2 0.085
81 Thallium Greek thallós, 'green shoot or twig' 13 6 name=fn9}} 11.85 0577|577}} 1746 0.129 1.62 0.85
82 Lead English word (The symbol derives from Latin plumbum) 14 6 name=fn2}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4}} 11.342 0600.61|600.61}} 2022 0.129 1.87 14
83 Bismuth German Wismut, from weiß Masse 'white mass', unless from Arabic 15 6 name=fn1}} 9.807 0544.7|544.7}} 1837 0.122 2.02 0.009
84 Polonium Latin Polonia, 'Poland' (the home country of Marie Curie) 16 6 209|[209]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 9.32 0527|527}} 1235 – 2.0 .0000000002|2×10−10}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
85 Astatine Greek ástatos, 'unstable' 17 6 210|[210]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 7 0575|575}} 610 – 2.2 0.000000000000000000003|3×10−20}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
86 Radon radium 18 6 222|[222]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 0.00973 0202|202}} 211.3 0.094 2.2 .0000000000004|4×10−13}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
87 Francium France 1 7 223|[223]{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}}} 1.87 0300|300}} 950 – 0.7 0.000000000000000001|~ 1×10−18}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
88 Radium French radium, from Latin radius, 'ray' 2 7 226|[226]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 5.5 0973|973}} 2010 0.094 0.9 .0000009|9×10−7}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
89 Actinium Greek aktís, 'ray' 3 7 227|[227]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 10.07 1323 3471 0.12 1.1 .00000000055|5.5×10−10}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
90 Thorium Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder 7 name=fn1}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2}} 11.72 2115 5061 0.113 1.3 9.6
91 Protactinium proto- (from Greek prôtos, 'first, before') + actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium 7 name=fn1}} 15.37 1841 4300 – 1.5 .0000014|1.4×10−6}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
92 Uranium Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System 7 name=fn1}} 18.95 1405.3 4404 0.116 1.38 2.7
93 Neptunium Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System 7 237|[237]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 20.45 0917|917}} 4273 – 1.36 0.000000000003|≤ 3×10−12}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
94 Plutonium the dwarf planet Pluto, considered the ninth planet in the Solar System at the time 7 244|[244]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 19.84 0912.5|912.5}} 3501 – 1.28 0.00000000003|≤ 3×10−11}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15}}
95 Americium The Americas, as the element was first synthesised on the continent, by analogy with europium 7 243|[243]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 13.69 1449 2880 – 1.13 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
96 Curium Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, French physicists and chemists 7 247|[247]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 13.51 1613 3383 – 1.28 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
97 Berkelium Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesised, by analogy with terbium 7 247|[247]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 14.79 1259 2900 – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
98 Californium California, where the element was first synthesised 7 251|[251]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 15.1 1173 1743|(1743)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
99 Einsteinium Albert Einstein, German physicist 7 252|[252]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}} 8.84 1133 1269|(1269)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
100 Fermium Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist 7 257|[257]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}9.7|(9.7)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1125|(1125)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
101 Mendelevium Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist and inventor who proposed the periodic table 7 258|[258]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}10.3|(10.3)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1100|(1100)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
102 Nobelium Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer 7 259|[259]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}9.9|(9.9)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1100|(1100)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
103 Lawrencium Ernest O. Lawrence, American physicist 7 266|[266]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}15.6|(15.6)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1900|(1900)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 1.3 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
104 Rutherfordium Ernest Rutherford, British chemist and physicist 4 7 267|[267]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}23.2|(23.2)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}2400|(2400)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}5800|(5800)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
105 Dubnium Dubna, Russia, where the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is located 5 7 268|[268]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}29.3|(29.3)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
106 Seaborgium Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist 6 7 269|[269]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}35.0|(35.0)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
107 Bohrium Niels Bohr, Danish physicist 7 7 270|[270]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}37.1|(37.1)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
108 Hassium New Latin Hassia, 'Hesse' (a state in Germany) 8 7 270|[270]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}40.7|(40.7)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
109 Meitnerium Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist 9 7 278|[278]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}37.4|(37.4)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
110 Darmstadtium Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesised 10 7 281|[281]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}34.8|(34.8)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
111 Roentgenium Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, German physicist 11 7 282|[282]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}28.7|(28.7)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
112 Copernicium Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer 12 7 285|[285]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}23.7|(23.7)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – 357|~357}}{{efn-ur|name=fn12}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
113 Nihonium Japanese Nihon, 'Japan' (where the element was first synthesised) 13 7 286|[286]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}16|(16)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}0700|(700)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1400|(1400)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
114 Flerovium Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR, where the element was synthesised; itself named after Georgy Flyorov, Russian physicist 14 7 289|[289]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}14|(14)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – 210|~210}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
115 Moscovium Moscow Oblast, Russia, where the element was first synthesised 15 7 290|[290]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}13.5|(13.5)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}0700|(700)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1400|(1400)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
116 Livermorium Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis 16 7 293|[293]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}12.9|(12.9)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}0709|(709)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}1085|(1085)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
117 Tennessine Tennessee, United States 17 7 294|[294]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}7.2|(7.2)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}0723|(723)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}0883|(883)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}
118 Oganesson Yuri Oganessian, Russian physicist 18 7 294|[294]}}{{efn-ur|name=fn1}}5.0|(5.0)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}}{{efn-ur|name=fn13}} – 350|(350)}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11}} – – 0|0}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14}}

Notes

{{notelist|group=upper-roman|refs=

{{efn-ur|name=fn1|The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn2|The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn3|The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn4|The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn5|The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn6|Helium does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atmospheres, which corresponds to a melting point of absolute zero.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn7|This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn8|Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn9|The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are:
  • Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
  • Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
  • Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
  • Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
  • Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
  • Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
  • Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
  • Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
  • Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
  • Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
  • Argon: [39.792, 39.963]
  • Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
  • Thallium: [204.382, 204.385]}}
{{efn-ur|name=fn10|Z is the standard symbol for atomic number; C is the standard symbol for heat capacity; and χ is the standard symbol for electronegativity on the Pauling scale.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn11|The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn12|With error bars: 357{{su|p=+112|b=−108}} K.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn13|This predicted value is for liquid oganesson, not gaseous oganesson.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn14|This element is synthetic – the transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but they can all be produced artificially.}}{{efn-ur|name=fn15|This element is transient – it occurs only through decay.}}

}}

{{periodic table legend|child=yes|theme1=category|unknown1=yes}}

See also

  • List of people whose names are used in chemical element names
  • List of places used in the names of chemical elements
  • List of chemical element name etymologies

References

1. ^{{GoldBookRef |title=chemical element |file=C01022 }}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Periodic Table – Royal Society of Chemistry|url=http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table|website=www.rsc.org|language=en}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|url=http://etymonline.com|website=etymonline.com|language=en}}
4. ^{{cite journal|title=Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report)|first1=Michael E. |last1=Wieser|first2=Norman|last2=Holden|displayauthors=1|journal=Pure Appl. Chem.|year=2013|volume=85|issue=5|pages=1047–1078|doi=10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02}} (for standard atomic weights of elements)
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/|title=Interactive Chart of Nuclides|publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory|last1=Sonzogni|first1=Alejandro|location=National Nuclear Data Center|accessdate=2008-06-06}} (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103–118)
6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Holman|first1=S. W.|last2=Lawrence|first2=R. R.|last3=Barr|first3=L.|title=Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum|journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|date=1 January 1895|volume=31|pages=218–233|doi=10.2307/20020628|jstor=20020628}}

External links

  • Atoms made thinkable, an interactive visualisation of the elements allowing physical and chemical properties to be compared
{{Periodic table (32 columns, compact)}}{{Navbox periodic table}}

1 : Lists of chemical elements
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