请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 List of Chinese monarchs
释义

  1. Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝)

  2. Xia dynasty (夏朝) (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE)

  3. Shang dynasty (商朝) (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BCE)

  4. Zhou dynasty (周朝) (c. 1046 – 256 BCE)

  5. Qin dynasty (秦朝) (221–207 BCE)

  6. Han dynasty (漢朝) (202 BCE – 220 CE)

      Xin dynasty (新朝) (9–23 CE)  

  7. Three Kingdoms (三國) (220–280)

      Cao Wei (曹魏) (220–266)    Shu Han (蜀漢) (221–263)    Eastern Wu (東吳) (222–280)  

  8. Jin dynasty (晉朝) (266–420)

  9. Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國) (304–439)

      Cheng Han (成漢) (303–347)    Han Zhao (漢趙) (304–329)    Liang (凉) (320–421)    Yan (燕) (337–436)    Qin (秦) (351–431)    Xia (夏) (407–431)    Other sovereignties traditionally not counted in the Sixteen Kingdoms    Ran Wei (冉魏) (350–352)    Xi (Western) Yan (西燕) (384–394)    Shu (蜀) (405–413)    Chieftains of Tiefu Tribe (匈奴支系鐵弗部首領) (mid 3rd century – 391)    Chieftains of Yuwen Tribe (宇文部鮮卑首領) (late 3rd century – 345)    Dukes of Liaoxi (遼西公) (303–338)    Chouchi (仇池) (late 2nd century – 473)    Kings of Wuxing (武興王) (473–506 and 534–555)    Kings of Yinping (陰平王) (477 – mid-6th century)    Chieftains of Tuoba Tribe (索頭部鮮卑族首領) (219–377) (as Kings of Dai (代王) (305?–377))  

  10. Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝) (386–589)

      Northern dynasties (北朝) (386–581)    Bei (Northern) Wei (北魏) (386–550)    Bei (Northern) Qi (北齊) (550–577)    Bei (Northern) Zhou (北周) (557–581)    Southern dynasties (南朝) (420–589)    Liu Song (劉宋) (420–479)    Nán (Southern) Qi (南齊) (479–502)    Nán (Southern) Liang (南梁) (502–557)    Chen (陳) (557–589)  

  11. Sui dynasty (隋朝) (581–618)

  12. Tang dynasty (唐朝) (618–907)

      Zhou dynasty (周朝) (690–705)    Kingdom of Qi (齊國) (881–884)  

  13. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國) (907–960)

      Five Dynasties (五代)    Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (后梁) (907–923)    Hou (Later) Tang dynasty (后唐) (923–936)    Hou (Later) Jin dynasty (后晋) (936–947)    Hou (Later) Han dynasty (后汉) (947–950)    Hou (Later) Zhou dynasty (后周) (951–960)    Ten Kingdoms (十國)    Wu Yue (吳越) (904–978)    Min (閩) (909–945) (including Yin (殷) (943–945))    Jingnan (荆南) (or Nanping (南平)) (906–963)    Chu (楚) (897–951)    Wu (吳) (904–937)    Nan (Southern) Tang (南唐) (937–975)    Nan (Southern) Han (南漢) (917–971)    Bei (Northern) Han (北漢) (951–979)    Qian (Former) Shu (前蜀) (907–925)    Hou (Later) Shu (后蜀) (934–965)   Independent regimes during Ten Kingdoms   Military Commissioner of Wuping/Hunan (武平/湖南節度使)    Military Commissioner of Quanzhang (泉漳節度使)  

  14. Liao dynasty (遼朝) (907–1125)

      Western Liao (西遼) (1124–1218)  

  15. Song dynasty (宋朝) (960–1279)

  16. Western Xia (西夏) (1038–1227)

  17. Jin dynasty (金朝) (1115–1234)

  18. Yuan dynasty (元朝) (1271–1368)

      Northern Yuan (北元) (1368 – early 15th century)  

  19. Ming dynasty (明朝) (1368–1644)

      Shun dynasty (順朝) (1644–1645)    Southern Ming (南明) (1644–1662)  

  20. Qing dynasty (清朝) (1636–1912)

      Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864)  

  21. Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915–1916)

  22. See also

  23. References

  24. External links

{{More citations needed|date=August 2016}}

This list of Chinese monarchs includes rulers of China with various titles prior to the establishment of the Republic in 1912. From the Zhou dynasty until the Qin dynasty, rulers usually held the title "king" ({{zh|c=王|p=wáng}}). With the separation of China into different Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier of China, the first Qin Emperor Qin Shihuang created a new title for himself, that of "emperor" ({{zh|p=huángdì}}). The title of Emperor of China continued to be used for the remainder of China's imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912. While many other monarchs existed in and around China throughout its history, this list covers only those with a quasi-legitimate claim to the majority of China, or those who have traditionally been named in king-lists. The following list of Chinese monarchs is in no way comprehensive.

Chinese sovereigns were known by many different names, and how they should be identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties. The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names – for example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely used in historical writing – but, where possible, the most commonly used name or naming convention has been indicated.

These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible additional information.

Follow these links to see how they are related:

Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝)

{{main|Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors}}

Although it is ingrained in Chinese mythology that the earliest mythological rulers of China included three huáng (皇, generally translated "sovereign" or "august one", denoting demigod status) and five dì (帝, generally translated "emperor", but denoting much more reverential status than the modern term "emperor"), their identities have differed between different sources, with some individuals, such as the Yellow Emperor, being regarded as either sovereign or emperor, depending on the source. The two characters would later be taken together by Qin Shi Huang to form the new title huángdì (皇帝, emperor), thus claiming legendary status for himself.

Note: These figures are all legendary, not historical.
TitleName by which most commonly knownReign (according to tradition)Regnal nameOther names
Sovereign1,4,5 / Empress3Youchao (110,000 years) Youchao 有巢–
Sovereign / Emperor3Suiren (456,000 years) Suiren 燧人–
Sovereign4 / Emperor3Fuxi (456,000 years) Fuxi 伏羲–
Sovereign1,4,5 / Emperor2,3Nuwa 180,000 years Nuwa 女媧–
Sovereign1 / Emperor2,3Yan Emperor and/or Shennong 2737–2699 BCE Yándi 炎帝 Shennong神農
Sovereign5 / Emperor1,2Yellow Emperor 2699–2588 BCE Huangdi 黃帝 Gongsun Xuanyuan公孫軒轅
Emperor2Shaohao 2587–2491 BCE Shǎohào 少昊 Jintian Shi金天氏
Emperor1,2Zhuanxu 2490–2413 BCE Zhuānxū 顓頊 Gaoyang高陽
Emperor1Emperor Ku 2412–2343 BCE Dikù 帝嚳 Gaoxin Shi高辛氏
Emperor1Emperor Zhi 2343–2333 BCE Dizhì 帝摯 Qingyang Shi青陽氏
Emperor1Emperor Yao 2333–2234 BCE Diyáo or Tang Yao 帝堯 / 唐堯 Yi Qi，Taotang and Fangxun伊祁、陶唐、放勳
Emperor1Emperor Shun 2233–2184 BCE Dishùn 帝舜 Yao，Youyu and Chonghua姚、有虞、重華
1 — According to the Records of the Grand Historian.
2 — According to the Chu Ci.
3 — According to the Book of Rites.
4 — According to the Shangshu dazhuan (尚書大傳) and Baihu tongyi (白虎通義).
5 — According to the Diwang shiji (帝王世紀)

Xia dynasty (夏朝) (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE)

{{main|Xia dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Xia" + regnal name
Name by which most commonly knownReign (according to tradition)Regnal name1Other names
Yu the Great2150–2106 BCE Yǔ禹–
Qi of Xia2106–2077 BCE Qǐ啟–
Tai Kang2077–2048 BCE Kāng康 Tài Kāng太康
Zhong Kang2048–2036 BCE Kāng康 Zhòng Kāng仲康
Xiang of Xia2036–2008 BCE Xiāng相–
Interregnum (about 40 years)
Shao Kang1968–1946 BCE Kāng康 Shào Kāng少康
Zhu of Xia1946–1929 BCE Zhù杼–
Huai of Xia1929–1885 BCE Huái槐–
Mang of Xia1885–1867 BCE Máng芒–
Xie of Xia1867–1851 BCE Xiè洩–
Bu Jiang1851–1792 BCE Jiàng降–
Jiong of Xia1792–1771 BCE Jiōng扃–
Jin of Xia1771–1750 BCE Jǐn廑 Yìn Jiǎ胤甲
Kong Jia1750–1719 BCE Kǒng Jiǎ孔甲
Gao of Xia1719–1708 BCE Gāo皋–
Fa of Xia1708–1689 BCE Fā發 Hou Jin后敬
Jie of Xia1689–1658 BCE Jié桀 Lǚ Guǐ履癸

Shang dynasty (商朝) (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BCE)

{{main|Shang dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Shang" + posthumous name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReign (according to tradition)1Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Tang of ShangZi Lü子湯1658–1629 BCETiān Yǐ天乙Tàizu太祖
Wai BingZi Shèng子勝1629–1627 BCEWài Bǐng外丙–
Zhong RenZi Yōng子庸1627–1623 BCEZhòng Rén仲壬–
Tai JiaZi Zhì子至1623–1611 BCETài Jiǎ太甲Tàizōng太宗
Wo DingZi Xuàn子絢1611–1592 BCEWò Dīng沃丁–
Tai GengZi Biàn子辯1592–1567 BCETài Gēng太庚–
Xiao JiaZi Gāo子高1567–1550 BCEXiǎo Jiǎ小甲–
Yong JiZi Zhòu子伷1550–1538 BCEYōng Jǐ雍己–
Tai WuZi Mì子密1538–1463 BCETài Wù太戊–
Zhong DingZi Zhuāng子莊1463–1452 BCEZhòng Dīng仲丁–
Wai RenZi Fā子發1452–1437 BCEWài Rén外壬–
He Dan JiaZi Zhěng子整1437–1428 BCEJiān Jiǎ戔甲–
Zu YiZi Téng子滕1428–1409 BCEZǔ Yǐ祖乙Zhōngzōng中宗
Zu XinZi Dàn子旦1409–1393 BCEZǔ Xīn祖辛–
Wo JiaZi Yú子踰1393–1368 BCEWò Jiǎ沃甲–
Zu DingZi Xīn子新1368–1336 BCEZǔ Dīng祖丁–
Nan GengZi Gēng子更1336–1307 BCENán Gēng南庚–
Yang JiaZi Hé子和1307–1290 BCEYáng Jiǎ陽甲–
Pan GengZi Xún子旬1290–1262 BCEPán Gēng盤庚–
Xiao XinZi Sòng子颂1262–1259 BCEXiǎo Xīn小辛–
Xiao YiZi Liǎn子敛1259–1250 BCEXiǎo Yǐ小乙–
Wu DingZi Zhāo子昭1250–1192 BCEWǔ Dīng武丁Gāozōng高宗
Zu Geng of ShangZi Yuè子躍1192–1185 BCEZǔ Gēng祖庚–
Zu JiaZi Zài子載1185–1158 BCEZǔ Jiǎ祖甲–
Lin XinZi Xiān子先1158–1152 BCELǐn Xīn廩辛–
Kang DingZi Xiāo子囂1152–1147 BCEKāng Dīng康丁–
Wu Yi of ShangZi Qú子瞿1147–1112 BCEWǔ Yǐ武乙–
Wen DingZi Tuō子托1112–1102 BCEWén Dīng3文丁–
Di YiZi Xiàn子羡1101–1076 BCEDì Yǐ帝乙–
King Zhou of ShangZi Shòu子受1075–1046 BCEDi Xin帝辛–
1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.2 — The period of the Shang dynasty starting from Pan Geng is also frequently referred to as the Yin (殷) dynasty. because he changed capital to Yin.3 — Also known as Tai Ding (太丁).

Zhou dynasty (周朝) (c. 1046 – 256 BCE)

{{main|Zhou dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Zhou" + posthumous name ("Wang" is the chinese term for "King")Note: The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute.
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReign1Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 771 BC)
King Wu of Zhou Jī Fā 姬發 1046–1043 BCE1 King Wǔ 武王
King Cheng of Zhou Jī Sòng 姬誦 1042–1021 BCE1 King Chéng 成王
King Kang of Zhou Jī Zhāo 姬釗 1020–996 BCE1 King Kāng 康王
King Zhao of Zhou Jī Xiá 姬瑕 995–977 BCE1 King Zhāo 昭王
King Mu of Zhou Jī Mǎn 姬滿 976–922 BCE1 King Mù 穆王
King Gong of Zhou Jī Yīhù 姬繄扈 922–900 BCE1 King Gōng 共王
King Yi of Zhou (Jian) Jī Jiān 姬囏 899–892 BCE1 King Yì 懿王
King Xiao of Zhou Jī Bìfāng 姬辟方 891–886 BCE1 King Xiào 孝王
King Yi of Zhou (Xie) Jī Xiè 姬燮 885–878 BCE1 King Yí 夷王
King Li of Zhou Jī Hú 姬胡 877–841 BCE1 King Lì 厲王
Gonghe Regency (共和) (841–827 BC)
King Xuan of Zhou Jī Jìng 姬靜 827–782 BCE King Xuān 宣王
King You of Zhou Jī Gōngshēng 姬宮湦 781–771 BCE King Yōu 幽王
Eastern Zhou dynasty (770–256 BC)
Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)
King Ping of Zhou Jī Yijiu 姬宜臼 770–720 BCE King Ping 平王
King Huan of Zhou Jī Lin 姬林 719–697 BCE King Huan 桓王
King Zhuang of Zhou Jī Tuo 姬佗 696–682 BCE King Zhuang 莊王
King Xi of Zhou Jī Huqi 姬胡齊 681–677 BCE King Xi 釐王
King Hui of Zhou Jī Lang 姬閬 676–652 BCE King Hui 惠王
King Xiang of Zhou Jī Zheng 姬鄭 651–619 BCE King Xiang 襄王
King Qing of Zhou Jī Renchen 姬壬臣 618–613 BCE King Qing 頃王
King Kuang of Zhou Jī Ban 姬班 612–607 BCE King Kuang 匡王
King Ding of Zhou Jī Yu 姬瑜 606–586 BCE King Ding 定王
King Jian of Zhou Jī Yi 姬夷 585–572 BCE King Jian 簡王
King Ling of Zhou Jī Xiexin 姬泄心 571–545 BCE King Ling 靈王
King Jing of Zhou (Gui) Jī Gui 姬貴 544–521 BCE King Jing 景王
King Dao of Zhou Jī Meng 姬猛 520 BCE King Dao 悼王
King Jing of Zhou (Gai) Jī Gai 姬丐 519–476 BCE King Jing 敬王
Warring States period (475–221 BC)
King Yuan of Zhou Jī Ren 姬仁 475–469 BCE King Yuan 元王
King Zhending of Zhou Jī Jie 姬介 468–442 BCE King Zhending 貞定王
King Ai of Zhou Jī Quji 姬去疾 441 BCE King Ai 哀王
King Si of Zhou Jī Shu 姬叔 441 BCE King Si 思王
King Kao of Zhou Jī Wei 姬嵬 440–426 BCE King Kao 考王
King Weilie of Zhou Jī Wu 姬午 425–402 BCE King Weilie 威烈王
King An of Zhou Jī Jiao 姬驕 401–376 BCE King An 安王
King Lie of Zhou Jī Xi 姬喜 375–369 BCE King Lie 烈王
King Xian of Zhou Jī Bian 姬扁 368–321 BCE King Xian 顯王
King Shenjing of Zhou Jī Ding 姬定 320–315 BCE King Shenjing 慎靚王
King Nan of Zhou Jī Yan 姬延 314–256 BCE King Nan 赧王
1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.

Qin dynasty (秦朝) (221–207 BCE)

{{Main|Qin dynasty}}{{see also|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Qin Dynasty|label 1= Qin emperors family tree}}Chinese convention: use regnal nameNote: the establishment of the Qin dynasty is usually considered to be the beginning of Imperial China, with Qin Shi Huang regarded the first Emperor of China
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignRegnal name
Qin Shi Huang Ying Zhèng 嬴政 2211–210 BCE Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇
Qin Er Shi Ying Húhài 嬴胡亥 209–207 BCE Qin Er Shi 秦二世
Ziying2 Ying Ziyīng 嬴子嬰 207 BCE Qin San Shi 秦三世
1 — Qin Shi Huang became king of the State of Qin in 246 BC, but did not unite China and proclaim himself "Emperor" until 221 BC.2 — Ziying is often referred to by his personal name and as king, rather than emperor, of Qin (秦王子嬰).

Han dynasty (漢朝) (202 BCE – 220 CE)

{{Main|Han dynasty}}{{Main list|List of emperors of the Han dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Han" + posthumous name (apart from Emperor Gaozu, who is known as "Han Gaozu")
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Western Han (202 BCE – 8 CE)
Emperor Gaozu of HanLiu Bang劉邦202–195 BC–Emperor Gaohuang高皇帝Taizu / Gaozu太祖 / 高祖
Emperor Hui of HanLiu Ying劉盈195–188 BC–Emperor Hui惠帝–
Emperor Qianshao of HanLiu Gong劉恭188–184 BC–––
Emperor Houshao of HanLiu Hong劉弘184–180 BC–––
Emperor Wen of HanLiu Heng劉恆179–157 BCHòuyuán後元163–156 BCEEmperor Wen文帝Taizong太宗
Emperor Jing of HanLiu Qi劉啟156–141 BCZhōngyuán中元149–143 BCEEmperor Jing景帝–
Hòuyuán後元143–141 BCE
Emperor Wu of HanLiu Che劉徹140–87 BCJiànyuán建元140–135 BCEEmperor Wu武帝Shizong世宗
Yuánguāng元光134–129 BCE
Yuánshuò元朔128–123 BCE
Yuánshòu元狩122–117 BCE
Yuándǐng元鼎116–111 BCE
Yuánfēng元封110–105 BCE
Tàichū太初104–101 BCE
Tiānhàn天漢100–97 BCE
Tàishǐ太始96–93 BCE
Zhēnghé征和92–89 BCE
Hòuyuán後元88–87 BCE
Emperor Zhao of HanLiu Fuling劉弗陵86–74 BCShǐyuán始元86–80 BCEEmperor Zhao昭帝
Yuánfèng元鳳80–75 BCE
Yuánpíng元平74 BCE
Marquis of HaihunLiu He劉賀74 BCMarquis of Haihun海昏侯–
Emperor Xuan of HanLiu Xun劉詢73–49 BCBěnshǐ本始73–70 BCEEmperor Xuan宣帝Zhongzong中宗
Dìjié地節69–66 BCE
Yuánkāng元康65–61 BCE
Shénjué神爵61–58 BCE
Wǔfèng五鳳57–54 BCE
Gānlù甘露53–50 BCE
Huánglóng黃龍49 BCE
Emperor Yuan of HanLiu Shi劉奭48–33 BCChūyuán初元48–44 BCEEmperor Yuan元帝–
Yǒngguāng永光43–39 BCE
Jiànzhāo建昭38–34 BCE
Jìngníng竟寧33 BCE
Emperor Cheng of HanLiu Ao劉驁32–7 BCJiànshǐ建始32–28 BCEEmperor Cheng成帝–
Hépíng河平28–25 BCE
Yángshuò陽朔24–21 BCE
Hóngjiā鴻嘉20–17 BCE
Yǒngshǐ永始16–13 BCE
Yuányán元延12–9 BCE
Suīhé綏和8–7 BCE
Emperor Ai of HanLiu Xin劉欣6–1 BCJiànpíng建平6–3 BCEEmperor Ai哀帝–
Yuánshòu元壽2–1 BCE
Emperor Ping of HanLiu Kan劉衎1 BC – 5 ADYuánshǐ元始1 BCE – 5 CEEmperor Ping平帝–
Ruzi Ying1Liu Ying劉嬰6–8Jùshè居攝6 CE – Oct. 8 CERuzi Ying孺子嬰–
Chūshǐ初始Nov. 8 CE – Dec. 8 CE
Interregnum (9 CE – 23 CE)
Gengshi EmperorLiu Xuan劉玄23–25Gēngshǐ更始23–25 CEPrince Wushun of Huaiyang淮阳武順王–
Eastern Han (25 CE – 220 CE)
Emperor Guangwu of HanLiu Xiu劉秀25–57Jiànwǔ建武25–56 CEEmperor Guangwu光武帝Shizu世祖
Jiànwǔzhōngyuán建武中元56–57 CE
Emperor Ming of HanLiu Zhuang劉莊58–75Yǒngpíng永平58–75 CEEmperor Ming明帝Xíanzōng顯宗
Emperor Zhang of HanLiu Da劉炟76–88Jiànchū建初76–84 CEEmperor Zhang章帝Suzong肅宗
Yuánhé元和84–87 CE
Zhānghé章和87–88 CE
Emperor He of HanLiu Zhao劉肇89–105Yǒngyuán永元89–105 CEEmperor He和帝Muzong穆宗
Yuánxīng元興105 CE
Emperor Shang of HanLiu Long劉隆106Yánpíng延平9 months in 106 CEEmperor Shang殤帝–
Emperor An of HanLiu Hu劉祜106–125Yǒngchū永初107–113 CEEmperor An安帝Gongzong恭宗
Yuánchū元初114–120 CE
Yǒngníng永寧120–121 CE
Jiànguāng建光121–122 CE
Yánguāng延光122–125 CE
Marquess of BeixiangLiu Yi劉懿125Emperor Shao少帝–
Emperor Shun of HanLiu Bao劉保125–144Yǒngjiàn永建126–132 CEEmperor Shun順帝Jingzong敬宗
Yángjiā陽嘉132–135 CE
Yǒnghé永和136–141 CE
Hàn'ān漢安142–144 CE
Jiànkāng建康144 CE
Emperor Chong of HanLiu Bing劉炳144–145Yōngxī永嘉145 CEEmperor Chong沖帝–
Emperor Zhi of HanLiu Zuan劉纘145–146Běnchū本初146 CEEmperor Zhi質帝–
Emperor Huan of HanLiu Zhi劉志146–168Jiànhé建和147–149 CEEmperor Huan桓帝Weizong威宗
Hépíng和平150 CE
Yuánjiā元嘉151–153 CE
Yǒngxīng永興153–154 CE
Yǒngshòu永壽155–158 CE
Yánxī延熹158–167 CE
Yǒngkāng永康167 CE
Emperor Ling of HanLiu Hong劉宏168–189Jiànníng建寧168–172 CEEmperor Ling靈帝–
Xīpíng熹平172–178 CE
Guānghé光和178–184 CE
Zhōngpíng中平184–189 CE
Prince of HongnongLiu Bian劉辯189Guīngxī光熹189 CEEmperor Shao少帝–
Zhàoníng昭寧189 CE
Emperor Xian of HanLiu Xie劉協189–220Yǒnghàn永漢189 CEEmperor Xian獻帝–
Chūpíng初平190–193 CE
Xīngpíng興平194–195 CE
Jiàn'ān建安196–220 CE
Yánkāng延康220 CE
1 — Ruzi was prince, rather than emperor of Han. Officially, the throne of emperor of Han was vacant during 6AD to 9AD.

Xin dynasty (新朝) (9–23 CE)

Chinese convention: use personal name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Wang MangWang Mang王莽9–23Shǐjiànguó始建國9–13 CE––
Tiānfēng天鳳14–19 CE
Dìhuáng地皇20–23 CE

Three Kingdoms (三國) (220–280)

{{Main|Three Kingdoms}}Chinese convention: use personal name

Cao Wei (曹魏) (220–266)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Cao Pi Cáo Pī 曹丕Zihuan子桓 220–226 Huángchū 黃初 220–226 Emperor Wen 文帝
Cao RuiCáo Ruì曹叡Yuanzhong元仲226–239 Tàihé 太和 227–233Emperor Ming明帝
Qīnglóng 青龍 233–237
Jǐngchū 景初 237–239
Cao FangCáo Fāng曹芳Lanqing蘭卿239–254 Zhèngshǐ 正始 240–249Duke Li of Shaoling邵陵厲公
Jiāpíng 嘉平 249–254
Cao MaoCáo Máo曹髦Yanshi彥士254–260 Zhèngyuán 正元 254–256–
Gānlù 甘露 256–260
Cao HuanCáo Huàn曹奐Jingming景明260–266 Jǐngyuán 景元 260–264Emperor Yuan元帝
Xiánxī 咸熙 264–266

Shu Han (蜀漢) (221–263)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Liu Bei Liú Bèi 劉備Xuande玄德 221–223 Zhāngwǔ 章武 221–223 Emperor Zhaolie 昭烈帝
Liu ShanLiú Shàn劉禪Gongsi公嗣223–263 Jiànxīng 建興 223–237Emperor Xiaohuai後主
Yánxī 延熙 238–257
Jǐngyào 景耀 258–263
Yánxīng 炎興 263

Eastern Wu (東吳) (222–280)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Sun QuanSūn Quán孫權Zhongmou仲謀222–252 Huángwǔ 黃武 222–229Emperor Wu the Great吳大帝
Huánglóng 黃龍 229–231
Jiāhé 嘉禾 232–238
Chìwū 赤烏 238–251
Tàiyuán 太元 251–252
Shénfèng 神鳳 252
Sun LiangSūn Liàng孫亮Ziming子明252–258 Jiànxīng 建興 252–253–
Wǔfèng 五鳳 254–256
Tàipíng 太平 256–258
Sun Xiu Sūn Xiū 孫休Zilie子烈 258–264 Yǒngān 永安 258–264 Emperor Jing 景帝
Sun HaoSūn Hào孫皓Yuanzong元宗264–280 Yuánxīng 元興 264–265–
Gānlù 甘露 265–266
Bǎodǐng 寶鼎 266–269
Jiànhéng 建衡 269–271
Fènghuáng 鳳凰 272–274
Tiāncè 天冊 275–276
Tiānxǐ 天璽 276
Tiānjì 天紀 277–280

Jin dynasty (晉朝) (266–420)

{{Main|Jin dynasty (265–420)}}{{see also|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu|label 1=Jin emperors family tree}}Chinese convention: Use "Jin" + posthumous name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號)
and their corresponding range of years		Posthumous name
(Shi Hao 諡號)		Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Western Jin (265–317)
Emperor Wu of JinSīmǎ Yán司馬炎266–290 Tàishǐ 泰始 266–274Emperor Wu武帝Shizu世祖
Xiánníng 咸寧 275–280
Tàikāng 太康 280–289
Tàixī 太熙 290
Emperor Hui of JinSīmǎ Zhōng司馬衷290–306 Yǒngxī 永熙 290Emperor Hui惠帝–
Yǒngpīng 永平 291
Yuánkāng 元康 291–299
Yǒngkāng 永康 300–301
Yǒngníng 永寧 301–302
Tàiān 太安 302–303
Yǒngān 永安 304
Jiànwǔ 建武 304
Yǒngān 永安 304
Yǒngxīng 永興 304–306
Guāngxī 光熙 306
Emperor Huai of Jin Sīmǎ Chì 司馬熾 307–313 Yǒngjiā 永嘉 307–313Emperor Huai 懷帝–
Emperor Min of Jin Sīmǎ Yè 司馬鄴 313–317 Jiànxīng 建興 313–317Emperor Min 愍帝–
Eastern Jin (317–420)
Emperor Yuan of JinSīmǎ Ruì司馬睿317–322 Jiànwǔ 建武 317–318Emperor Yuan元帝Zhōngzōng中宗
Dàxīng 大興 318–321
Yǒngchāng 永昌 321–322
Emperor Míng of JinSīmǎ Shào司馬紹322–325 Yǒngchāng 永昌 322–323Emperor Ming明帝Suzu肅祖
Tàiníng 太寧 323–325
Emperor Cheng of JinSīmǎ Yǎn司馬衍325–342 Tàiníng 太寧 325Emperor Cheng成帝Xianzong顯宗
Xiánhé 咸和 326–334
Xiánkāng 咸康 335–342
Emperor Kang of Jin Sīmǎ Yuè 司馬岳 342–344 Jiànyuán 建元 343–344Emperor Kang 康帝–
Emperor Mu of JinSima Dān司馬聃345–361 Yǒnghé 永和 345–356Emperor Mu穆帝Xianzong顯宗
Shēngpíng 升平 357–361
Emperor Ai of JinSīmǎ Pī司馬丕361–365 Lónghé 隆和 362–363Emperor Ai哀帝–
Xīngníng 興寧 363–365
Emperor Fei of Jin Sīmǎ Yì 司馬奕 365–371 Tàihé 太和 365–371Emperor Fei 廢帝–
Emperor Jianwen of Jin Sīmǎ Yù 司馬昱 371–372 Xiánān 咸安 371–372Emperor Jianwen 簡文帝Taizong太宗
Emperor Xiaowu of JinSīmǎ Yào司馬曜372–396 Níngkāng 寧康 373–375Emperor Xiaowu孝武帝Lièzōng烈宗
Tàiyuán 太元 376–396
Emperor An of JinSīmǎ Dézōng司馬德宗396–418 Lóngān 隆安 397–401Emperor An安帝–
Yuánxīng 元興 402–404
Yìxī 義熙 405–418
Emperor Gong of Jin Sīmǎ Déwén 司馬德文 419–420 Yuánxī 元熙 419–420Emperor Gong 恭帝–

Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國) (304–439)

{{Main|Sixteen Kingdoms}}Chinese convention: use personal name

Cheng Han (成漢) (303–347)

Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng (成) and Han (漢)
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Cheng (成) (303–338)
Li Te李特 303Jiànchūor

Jǐngchū

建初or

景初

303 Emperor Jing景帝 Shízu
or
Shìzu		始祖or

世祖

Li Liu李流 several months in 303 Prince Qin Wen秦文王–
Li Xiong李雄303–334Emperor Wu武帝Taizong太宗
Jiànxīng建興304–305
Yànpīng晏平306–310
Yùhéng玉衡311–334
Li Ban李班 7 months in 334 Emperor Ai哀帝–
Li Qi李期 334–338 Hànxīng漢興337–338 Duke You幽公–
Han (漢) (338–347)
Li Shou李壽 338–343 Hànxīng (漢興) 338–343 (continuation)漢興338–343 (continuation) Emperor Zhaowen昭文帝 Zhongzong中宗
Li Shi李勢343–347 Tàihé太和344–345Marquis Guiyi歸義侯–
Jiāníng嘉寧346–347 (until conquest by Jin)

Han Zhao (漢趙) (304–329)

Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Han (漢) and Qian (Former) Zhao (前趙)
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Han (漢) (304–318)
Liu Yuan劉淵304–310 Jiànxīng建興304–307Emperor Guangwen光文帝Gao Zu高祖
Yǒngfèng永鳳308
Héruì河瑞309
Guāngxīng光興310
Liu He劉和 7 days in 310 Prince Liang梁王–
Liu Cong劉聰310–318Emperor Zhaowu昭武帝Lie Zong烈宗
Jiāpíng嘉平311–315
Jiànyuán建元316
Línjiā麟嘉317–318
Liu Can劉粲 a month and some days in 318 Hànchāng (until renaming as Former Zhao)漢昌318 Emperor Yin隱帝–
Qian (Former) Zhao (前趙) (318–329)
Liu Yao劉曜 318–329 Guāngchū (until conquest by Later Zhao)光初318–329 Prince Hòu後主–
Hou (Later) Zhao (后趙) (329–351)
Shi Le石勒319–333 Prince Zhao趙王319–327Emperor Ming明帝Gaozu高祖
Tàihé太和328–329
Jiànpíng建平330–332
Yánxī延熙333
Shi Hong石弘333–334 Yánxī延熙333Prince Haiyang海陽王–
Jiànwǔ建武334
Shi Hu石虎334–349 Jiànwǔ建武335–348Emperor Wu武帝Taizu太祖
Taìníng太寧349
Shi Shi石世 73 days in 349 Prince Qiao譙王–
Shi Zun石遵 183 days in 349 Prince Pangcheng彭城王–
Shi Jian石鑒 103 days within 349–350 Qīnglóng青龍(changed mid-year) Prince Yiyang義陽王–
Shi Zhi石祗 350–351 Yǒngníng永寧350–351 (until Ran Min's coup) Prince Xinxing新興王–

Liang (凉) (320–421)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Qian (Former) Liang (前凉) (320–376)
Zhang Mao張茂 320–324Jianxing建興320–354 Duke Cheng成公–
Zhang Jun張駿 324–346 Duke Zhongcheng忠成公–
Zhang Chonghua張重華 346–353 Duke Huan桓公–
Zhang Yaoling張曜靈 3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353 Duke Ai哀公–
Zhang Zuo張祚353–355Prince Wei威王–
Heping和平354–355
Zhang Xuanjing張玄靚355–363 Jianxing建興355–361Duke Jingdao
or
Duke Chong		敬悼公or

沖公

–
Shengping升平361–376
Zhang Tianxi張天錫 364–376 Duke Dao悼公–
Hou (Later) Liang (后凉) (386–403)
Lü Guang呂光386–399 Taian太安386–389Prince Yiwu懿武王Taizu太祖
Linjia麟嘉389–396
Longfei龍飛396–399
Lü Shao呂紹 399 Prince Yin隱王–
Lü Zuan呂纂 399–401 Xianning咸寧399–401 Prince Ling靈王–
Lü Long呂隆 401–403 Shending神鼎401–403 Duke Shangshu
or
Duke Jiankang		尚書公or

建康公

–
Nan (Southern) Liang (南凉) (397–414)
Tufa Wugu禿髮烏孤 397–399 Taichu太初397–399 Prince Wu武王 Liezu烈祖
Tufa Lilugu禿髮利鹿孤 399–402 Jianhe建和399–402 Prince Kang康王–
Tufa Rutan禿髮傉檀402–414 Hongchang弘昌402–404Prince Jǐng
or
Prince Jìng		景王or

敬王

–
Jiaping嘉平)409–414
Bei (Northern) Liang (北凉) (397–439) (as Kings of Gaochang (442–460))
Duan Ye段業397–401 Shenxi神璽397–399––
Tianxi天璽399–401
Juqu Mengxun沮渠蒙遜401–433 Yongan永安401–412Prince Wuxuan武宣王Taizu太祖
Xuanshi玄始412–428
Chengxuan承玄428–430
Yihe義和430–433
Juqu Mujian沮渠牧犍 433–439 Yonghe永和433–439 Prince Ai哀王–
Juqu Wuhui沮渠無諱442–444 Chengping承平442–443––
Qianshou乾壽443–444
Juqu Anzhou沮渠安周 444–460 Chengping承平444–460––
Xi (Western) Liang (西凉) (400–421)
Li Gao李暠400–417 Gengzi庚子400–405Prince Wuzhao武昭王Taizu太祖
Jianchu建初406–416
Li Xin李歆 417–420 Jiaxing嘉興417–420 Prince Hòu後主–
Li Xun李恂 420–421 Yongjian永建420–421 Prince Hòu後主–

Yan (燕) (337–436)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Qian (Former) Yan (前燕) (337–370)
Murong Huang慕容皝 337–348 Yànwáng燕王337–348 Emperor Wenming文明帝 Taizu太祖
Murong Jun慕容俊348–360 Yànyuán燕元349–351Emperor Jingzhao景昭帝Liezong烈宗
Yuánxǐ元璽352–357
Shēngpíng升平357 (as vassal of Jin)
Guāngshòu光壽357–359
Murong Wei慕容暐360–370Jiànxī建熙359–365Prince You幽帝–
Jiànyuán建元366–370
Hou (Later) Yan (后燕) (384–407)
Murong Chui慕容垂384–396 Yànwáng燕王384–385Emperor Wucheng武成帝Shizu世祖
Jianxing建興386–396
Murong Bao慕容寶 396–398 Yongkang永康396–398 Emperor Huimin惠愍帝 Liezong烈宗
Murong Sheng慕容盛398–401 Jianping建平398Emperor Zhaowu昭武帝Zhongzong中宗
Changle長樂399–401
Murong Xi慕容熙401–407 Guangshi光始401–406Emperor Zhaowen昭文帝–
Jianshi建始407
Nan (Southern) Yan (南燕) (398–410)
Murong De慕容德398–405 Yanwang燕王398–400Emperor Xianwu獻武帝Shizong世宗
Jianping建平400–405
Murong Chao慕容超 405–410 Taishang太上405–410 Emperor Hòu後主帝–
Bei (Northern) Yan (北燕) (407–436)
Gao Yun高雲/慕容雲 407–409 Zhengshi正始407–409 Emperor Huiyi惠懿帝–
Feng Ba馮跋 409–430 Taiping太平409–430 Emperor Wencheng文成帝 Taizu太祖
Feng Hong馮弘 430–436 Daxing大興430–436 Emperor Zhaocheng昭成帝–

Qin (秦) (351–431)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Qian (Former) Qin (前秦) (351–394)
Fu Jian苻健 351–355 Huangshi (皇始) 351–355皇始351–355 Emperor Jingming景明帝 Gaozu高祖
Fu Sheng苻生 355–357 Shouguang (壽光) 355–357壽光355–357 Prince Li厲王–
Fu Jian苻堅357–385 Yongxing永興357–359Emperor Xuanzhao宣昭帝Shizu世祖
Ganlu甘露359–364
Jianyuan建元365–385
Fu Pi苻丕 385–386 Taian太安385–386 Emperor Aiping哀平帝–
Fu Deng苻登 386–394 Taichu太初385–394 Emperor Gao高帝 Taizong太宗
Fu Chong苻崇 several months in 394 Yanchu延初394 Prince Hòu後主 –
Hou (Later) Qin (后秦) (384–417)
Yao Chang姚萇384–393 Baique白雀384–386Emperor Wuzhao武昭帝Taizu太祖
Jianchu建初386–393
Yao Xing姚興394–416 Huangchu皇初394–399Emperor Wenhuan文桓帝Gaozu高祖
Hongshi弘始399–416
Yao Hong姚泓 416–417 Yonghe永和416–417 Prince Hòu後主–
Xi (Western) Qin (西秦) (385–400, 409–431)
Qifu Guoren乞伏國仁 385–388 Jianyi建義385–388 Prince Xuanlie宣烈王 Liezu烈祖
Qifu Gangui乞伏乾歸 388–400 Taichu太初388–400Prince Wuyuan武元王Gaozu高祖
409–412Gengshi更始409–412
Qifu Chipan乞伏熾磐412–428 Yongkang永康412–419Prince Wenzhao文昭王Taizu太祖
Jianhong建弘420–428
Qifu Mumo乞伏暮末 428–431 Yonghong永弘428–431 Prince Hòu後主–

Xia (夏) (407–431)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Helian Bobo赫連勃勃407–425 Longsheng龍升407–413Emperor Wulie武烈帝Shizu世祖
Fengxiang鳳翔413–418
Changwu昌武418–419
Zhenxing真興419–425
Helian Chang赫連昌 425–428 Chengguang承光425–428 Prince Qin秦王–
Helian Ding赫連定 428–431 Shengguang勝光425–428 Prince Pingyuan平原王–

Other sovereignties traditionally not counted in the Sixteen Kingdoms

Convention: use personal name

Ran Wei (冉魏) (350–352)

Note: addressed as Wei in traditional texts)
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Ran Min冉閔 350–352 Yongxing永興350–352 Heavenly King Wudao武悼天王

Xi (Western) Yan (西燕) (384–394)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Murong Hong慕容泓 384Yanxing燕興384–385Emperor Wei威帝
Murong Chong慕容沖384–386
Gengshi更始385–386–
Duan Sui段隨 386 Changping昌平386–
Murong Yi慕容顗 386 Jianming建明386–
Murong Yao慕容瑤 386 Jianping建平386–
Murong Zhong慕容忠 386 Jianwu建武386–
Murong Yong慕容永 386–394 Zhongxing中興386–394–

Shu (蜀) (405–413)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Qiao Zong譙縱 405–413– King Chengdu成都王

Chieftains of Tiefu Tribe (匈奴支系鐵弗部首領) (mid 3rd century – 391)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Liu Qubei劉去卑 mid-3rd century––
Liu Gaoshengyuan劉誥升爰 mid-3rd century – late 3rd century––
Liu Hu劉虎 early 4th century (309?) – 341––
Liu Wuheng劉務恒 341–356––
Liu Eloutou劉閼陋頭 356–358––
Liu Xiwuqi劉悉勿祈 358–359––
Liu Weichen劉衛辰 359–391––

Chieftains of Yuwen Tribe (宇文部鮮卑首領) (late 3rd century – 345)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Yuwen Mohuai宇文莫槐 late 3rd century – 293––
Yuwen Puhui
or
Yuwen Pubo		宇文普回or

宇文普撥

 293 – late 3rd century––
Yuwen Qiubuqin宇文丘不勤 late 3rd century––
Yuwen Mogui宇文莫圭 late 3rd century (299?) – early 4th century (302?)––
Yuwen Xiduguan宇文悉獨官 early 3rd century––
Yuwen Qidegui宇文乞得歸 early 3rd century – 333––
Yuwen Yidougui宇文逸豆歸 333–345––

Dukes of Liaoxi (遼西公) (303–338)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Duan Wuwuchen段務勿塵 303 – 310 or 311––
Duan Jilujuan段疾陸眷 310 or 311 – 318––
Duan Shefuchen段涉復辰 318––
Duan Pidi段匹磾 318–321––
Duan Mopei段末柸 318–325––
Duan Ya段牙 325––
Duan Liao段遼 326–338––

Chouchi (仇池) (late 2nd century – 473)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Qian (Former) Chouchi (前仇池) (late 2nd century – 371)
Yang Teng楊騰 late 2nd century – early 3rd century––
Yang Ju楊駒 early 3rd century––
Yang Qianwan楊千萬 early 3rd century – mid-3rd century––
Yang Feilong楊飛龍 mid-3rd century – late 3rd century––
Yang Maosou楊茂搜 late 3rd century – 317––
Yang Nandi楊難敵 317–334––
Yang Yi楊毅 334–337––
Yang Chu楊初 337–355––
Yang Guo楊國 355–356––
Yang Jun楊俊 356–360––
Yang Shi楊世 360–370––
Yang Cuan楊篡 370–371––
Hou (Later) Chouchi (后仇池) (385–473)
Yang Ding楊定 385–394–King Wǔ武王
Yang Sheng楊盛 394–425–King Huìwén惠文王
Yang Xuan楊玄 425–429–King Xiàozhāo孝昭王
Yang Baozong楊保宗 429 and 443––
Yang Nandang楊難當 429–441 Jianyi建義436–440–
Yang Baochi楊保熾 442–443––
Yang Wende楊文德 443–454––
Yang Yuanhe楊元和 455–466––
Yang Sengsi楊僧嗣 466–473––

Kings of Wuxing (武興王) (473–506 and 534–555)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Yang Wendu楊文度 473–477––
Yang Wenhong楊文弘 477–482––
Yang Houqi楊後起 482–486––
Yang Jishi楊集始 482–503– King An安王
Yang Shaoxian楊紹先 503–506, 534–535––
Yang Zhihui1楊智慧 535–545––
Yang Bixie1楊辟邪 545–553––
1 — Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person.

Kings of Yinping (陰平王) (477 – mid-6th century)

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Yang Guangxiang楊廣香 477–483?––
Yang Jiong楊炯 483–495––
Yang Chongzu楊崇祖 495-before 502––
Yang Mengsun楊孟孫 before 502–511––
Yang Ding楊定 511- ?––

Chieftains of Tuoba Tribe (索頭部鮮卑族首領) (219–377) (as Kings of Dai (代王) (305?–377))

Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Tuoba Liwei3拓拔力微 219–277– King Shényuán神元王
Tuoba Xilu拓拔悉鹿 277–286– King Zhāng章王
Tuoba Chuo拓拔綽 286–293– King Píng平王
Tuoba Fu拓拔弗 293–294– King Sī思王
Tuoba Luguan拓拔祿官 294–307– King Zhāo昭王
Tuoba Yituo拓拔猗㐌 295–305– Emperor Huán桓帝
Tuoba Yilu拓拔猗盧 295–316– King Mù穆王
Tuoba Liugen拓跋六根 316––
Tuoba Pugen拓拔普根 316––
Tuoba Shisheng拓跋始生 316––
Tuoba Yulü拓拔鬱律 316–321– King Píngwén平文王
Tuoba Heru拓拔賀傉 321–325–King Huì惠王
Tuoba Hena拓拔紇那 325–329 and 335–337– King Yáng煬王
Tuoba Yihuai拓拔翳槐 329–335 and 337–338– King Liè烈王
Tuoba Shiyijian拓拔什翼健 338–377 Jianguo建國338–377 King Zhāochéng昭成王
1 — All chieftains were revered as emperors in Weishu and Beishi which they never were. They were denoted here as king (wáng) (王) which was inherited by all successors of Tuoba Yi Lu.2 — The Tuoba clan was the ruling family of Northern Wei dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui. Hence the Table of Northern Wei dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.3 — Tuoba Liwei had the temple name Shizu (始祖). He was the only chieftain before Tuoba Gui revered with a temple name

Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝) (386–589)

{{Main|Northern and Southern dynasties}}

Northern dynasties (北朝) (386–581)

Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name

Bei (Northern) Wei (北魏) (386–550)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Daowu of Northern WeiTuoba Gui拓拔珪386–409Dengguo登國386–396Emperor Daowu道武帝
Huangsh皇始396–398
Tianxing天興398–404
Tianci天賜404–409
Emperor Mingyuan of Northern WeiTuoba Si拓拔嗣409–423Yongxing永興409–413Emperor Mingyuan明元帝
Shenrui神瑞414–416
Taichang泰常416–423
Emperor Taiwu of Northern WeiTuoba Tao拓拔燾424–452Shiguang始光424–428Emperor Taiwu太武帝
Shenjia神䴥428–431
Yanhe延和432–434
Taiyan太延435–440
Taipingzhenjun太平真君440–451
Zhengping正平451–452
Tuoba YuTuoba Yu拓拔余452Chengping承平452Prince Nan'an南安王
Emperor Wencheng of Northern WeiTuoba Jun拓拔濬452–465Xingan興安452–454Emperor Wencheng文成帝
Xingguang興光454–455
Tai'an太安455–459
Heping和平460–465
Emperor Xianwen of Northern WeiTuoba Hong拓拔弘466–471Tian'an天安466–467Emperor Xianwen獻文帝
Huangxing皇興467–471
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern WeiYuan1 Hong (Tuoba Hong)元宏 (拓跋宏)471–499Yanxing延興471–476Emperor Xiaowen孝文帝
Chengming承明476
Taihe太和477–499
Emperor Xuanwu of Northern WeiYuan Ke元恪499–515Jingming景明500–503Emperor Xuanwu宣武帝
Zhengshi正始504–508
Yongping永平508–512
Yanchang延昌512–515
Emperor Xiaoming of Northern WeiYuan Xu元詡516–528Xiping熙平516–518Emperor Xiaoming孝明帝
Shengui神龜518–520
Zhengguang正光520–525
Xiaochang孝昌525–527
Wutai武泰528
Yuan ZhaoYuan Zhao元釗528–Prince Yòu幼主
Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern WeiYuan Ziyou元子攸528–530Jianyi建義528Emperor Xiaozhuang孝莊帝
Yong'an永安528–530
Yuan YeYuan Ye元曄530–531Jianming (建明) 530–531建明530–531 Prince Changguang長廣王
Emperor Jiemin of Northern WeiYuan Gong元恭531–532Putai (普泰) 531–532普泰531–532Emperor Jiemin節閔帝
Yuan LangYuan Lang元朗531–532Zhongxing (中興) 531–532中興531–532Prince Anding安定王
Emperor Xiaowu of Northern WeiYuan Xiu元脩532–535Taichang太昌532Emperor Xiaowu
or
Emperor Chu		孝武帝or

出帝

Yongxing永興532
Yongxi永熙532–535
Dong (Eastern) Wei dynasty (東魏) (534–550)
Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern WeiYuan Shanjian元善見534–550Tianping天平534–537Emperor Xiaojing孝靜帝
Yuanxiang元象538–539
Xinghe興和539–542
Wuding武定543–550
Xi (Western) Wei dynasty (西魏) (535–556)
Emperor Wen of Western WeiYuan Baoju元寶炬535–551Datong大統535–551Emperor Wen文帝
Emperor Fei of Western WeiYuan Qin元欽552–554–Emperor Fei廢帝
Emperor Gong of Western WeiTuoba Kuo拓拔廓554–556–Emperor Gong恭帝
1 – The Tuoba family changed their family name to 元 (yuán) during the reign of Xiaowen Di in 496 so that is reflected in the table as well.

Bei (Northern) Qi (北齊) (550–577)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignsEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Wenxuan of Northern QiGao Yang高洋550–559Tianbao天保550–559Emperor Wenxuan文宣帝
Emperor Fei of Northern QiGao Yin高殷559–560Qianming乾明560Emperor Fei廢帝
Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern QiGao Yan高演560–561Huangjian皇建560–561Emperor Xiaozhao孝昭帝
Emperor Wucheng of Northern QiGao Zhan高湛561–565Taining太寧561–562Emperor Wucheng武成帝
Heqing河清562–565
Gao WeiGao Wei高緯565–577Tiantong天統565–569Prince Hòu後主
Wuping武平570–576
Longhua隆化576
Gao HengGao Heng高恆577Chengguang承光577Prince Yòu幼主
Gao Shaoyi Gao Shaoyi高紹義 577–579?– Prince Fanyang范陽王

Bei (Northern) Zhou (北周) (557–581)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignsEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Xiaomin of Northern ZhouYuwen Jue宇文覺557–Emperor Xiaomin孝閔帝
Emperor Ming of Northern ZhouYuwen Yu宇文毓557–560Wucheng武成559–560Emperor Ming
or
Emperor Xiaoming		明帝or

孝明帝

Emperor Wu of Northern ZhouYuwen Yong宇文邕561–578Baoding保定560–565Emperor Wu武帝
Tianhe天和566–572
Jiande建德572–578
Xuanzheng宣政578
Emperor Xuan of Northern ZhouYuwen Yun宇文贇578–579Dacheng大成579Emperor Xuan宣帝
Emperor Jing of Northern ZhouYuwen Chan宇文闡579–581Daxiang大象579–581Emperor Jing靜帝
Dading大定581

Southern dynasties (南朝) (420–589)

Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name

Liu Song (劉宋) (420–479)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Wu of Liu Song Liu Yu劉裕 420–422 Yongchu永初420–422Emperor Wu武帝
Emperor Shao of Liu Song Liu Yifu劉義符 423–424 Jingping景平423–424Emperor Shao少帝
Emperor Wen of Liu Song Liu Yilong劉義隆 424–453 Yuanjia元嘉424–453Emperor Wen文帝
Emperor Xiaowu of Liu SongLiu Jun劉駿454–464 Xiaojian元嘉454–456Emperor Xiaowu孝武帝
Daming大明457–464
Emperor Qianfei of Liu SongLiu Ziye劉子業465 Yongguang永光465Emperor Qianfei前廢帝
Jinghe景和465
Emperor Ming of Liu SongLiu Yu劉彧465–472 Taishi泰始465–471Emperor Ming
明帝
Taiyu泰豫472
Emperor Houfei of Liu Song Liu Yu劉昱 473–477 Yuanhui元徽473–477Emperor Houfeior

Prince Cangwu

後廢帝or

蒼梧王

Emperor Shun of Liu Song Liu Zhun劉準 477–479 Shengming昇明477–479Emperor Shun順帝

Nán (Southern) Qi (南齊) (479–502)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Gao of Southern QiXiao Daocheng蕭道成479–482Jianyuan建元479–482Emperor Gao高帝
Emperor Wu of Southern QiXiao Ze蕭賾482–493Yongming永明483–493Emperor Wu武帝
Xiao ZhaoyeXiao Zhaoye蕭昭業493–494Longchang隆昌494Prince of Yulin鬱林王
Xiao ZhaowenXiao Zhaowen蕭昭文494Yanxing延興494Prince of Hailing海陵王
Emperor Ming of Southern QiXiao Luan蕭鸞494–498Jianwu建武494–498Emperor Ming明帝
Yongtai永泰498
Xiao BaojuanXiao Baojuan蕭寶卷499–501Yongyuan永元499–501Marquess of Donghun東昏侯
Emperor He of Southern QiXiao Baorong蕭寶融501–502Zhongxing中興501–502Emperor He和帝

Nán (Southern) Liang (南梁) (502–557)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Wu of LiangXiao Yan蕭衍502–549Tianjian天監502–519Emperor Wu武帝
Putong普通520–527
Datong大通527–529
Zhongdatong中大通529–534
Datong大同535–546
Zhongdatong中大同546–547
Taiqing太清547–549
Emperor Jianwen of LiangXiao Gang蕭綱549–551Dabao大寶550–551Emperor Jianwen簡文帝
Xiao DongXiao Dong蕭棟551–552Tianzheng天正551–552Prince of Yuzhang豫章王
Emperor Yuan of LiangXiao Yi蕭繹552–555Chengsheng承聖552–555Emperor Yuan元帝
Xiao YuanmingXiao Yuanming蕭淵明555Tiancheng天成555Emperor Zhengyang貞陽侯
Emperor Jing of LiangXiao Fangzhi蕭方智555–557Shaotai紹泰555–556Emperor Jing敬帝
Taiping太平556–557
Western Liang (555–587) (西梁) (555–587)
Emperor Xuan of Western LiangXiao Cha蕭詧555–562Dading大定555–562Emperor Xuan宣帝
Emperor Ming of Western LiangXiao Kui蕭巋562–585Tianbao天保562–585Emperor Xiaoming孝明帝
Emperor Jing of Western LiangXiao Cong蕭琮585–587Guangyun廣運562–585Emperor Xiaojingor

Duke Ju

孝靖帝or

莒公

Chen (陳) (557–589)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Wu of ChenChen Baxian陳霸先557–559Yongding永定557–559Emperor Wu武帝
Emperor Wen of ChenChen Qian陳蒨559–566Tianjia天嘉560–566Emperor Wen文帝
Tiankang天康566
Emperor Fei of ChenChen Bozong陳伯宗566–568Guangda光大566–568Emperor Fei廢帝
Emperor Xuan of ChenChen Xu陳頊569–582Taijian太建569–582Emperor Xuan宣帝
Chen ShubaoChen Shubao陳叔寶583–589Zhide至德583–586Prince Hou後主
Zhenming禎明587–589

Sui dynasty (隋朝) (581–618)

{{Main|Sui dynasty}}{{see also|Chinese emperors family tree (middle)##Sui dynasty|label 1= Sui emperors family tree}}Chinese convention: use "Sui" + posthumous name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and the corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Emperor Wen of SuiYáng Jiān楊堅581–604 Kāihuáng 開皇 581–600Emperor Wen文帝
Rénshòu 仁壽 601–604
Emperor Yang of Sui Yáng Guǎng 楊廣 605–617 Dàyè 大業 605–617 Emperor Yang 煬帝
Yang You1 Yáng Yòu 楊侑 617–618 Yìníng 義寧 617–618 Emperor Gong 恭帝
Yang Hao2 Yáng Hào 楊浩 618Huángtài皇泰618–619 Prince Qin 秦王
Yang Tong3 Yáng Tóng 楊侗 618–619 Emperor Gong (Prince Huangtai) 恭帝 (皇泰主)
1 — Declared emperor by Li Yuan (the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang), implying a retirement for Emperor Yang (whom he "honoured" as Taishang Huang, or retired emperor) at the western capital Daxing (Chang'an), but only the commanderies under Li's control recognized this change; for the other commanderies under Sui control, Emperor Yang was still regarded as emperor, not as retired emperor. Now generally regarded as a legitimate emperor, due to his recognition by Li Yuan.2 — Declared emperor by Yuwen Huaji, the general under whose leadership the plot to kill Emperor Yang was carried out, but killed by him later in 618; Yuwen Huaji then declared himself emperor of a brief Xu (許) state. As Yang Hao was completely under Yuwen's control and only "reigned" briefly, he is not usually regarded as a legitimate emperor.3 — After news of Emperor Yang's death in 618 reached Daxing and the eastern capital Luoyang, Li Yuan deposed Emperor Gong and took the throne himself, establishing Tang dynasty, but the Sui officials at Luoyang declared Emperor Gong's brother Yang Tong (later also known as Emperor Gong) emperor. The legitimacy of his reign is disputed.

Tang dynasty (唐朝) (618–907)

{{main|Tang dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Tang" + temple name (except for Emperor Shang and Emperor Ai; Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗) is sometimes referred as Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty (唐明皇))
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and the corresponding range of years)Temple name (Miao Hao 庙号)
Emperor Gaozu of TangLǐ Yuān李渊 618–626 Wude武德618–626 Gaozu高祖
Emperor Taizong of TangLǐ Shìmín李世民 627–649 Zhenguan貞觀627–649 Taizong太宗
Emperor Gaozong of TangLǐ Zhì李治650–683 Yonghui永徽650–655Gaozong高宗
Xianqing顯慶656–661
Longshuo龍朔661–663
Linde麟德664–665
Qianfeng乾封666–668
Zongzhang總章668–670
Xianheng咸亨670–674
Shangyuan上元674–676
Yifeng儀鳳676–679
Tiaolu調露679–680
Yonglong永隆680–681
Kaiyao開耀681–682
Yongchun永淳682–683
Hongdao弘道683
Emperor Zhongzong of ChinaLi Xianor

Li Zhe

李显or

李哲

684and

705–710

 Sisheng嗣聖684Zhongzong中宗
Shenlong神龍705–707
Jinglong景龍707–710
Emperor Ruizong of TangLi Dan李旦684–690and

710–712

 Wenming文明684–690Ruizong睿宗
Jingyun景雲710–711
Taiji太極712
Yanhe延和712
Interregnum (690–705)
Emperor Shang of TangLi Chongmao李重茂 710 Tanglong唐隆710–
Emperor Xuanzong of TangLi Longji李隆基712–756 Xiantian先天712–713Xuanzong玄宗
Kaiyuan開元713–741
Tianbao天寶742–756
Emperor Suzong of TangLi Heng李亨756–762 Jide至德756–758Suzong肅宗
Qianyuan乾元758–760
Shangyuan上元760–761
Emperor Daizong of TangLi Yu李豫762–779 Baoying寶應762–763Daizong代宗
Guangde廣德763–764
Yongtai永泰765–766
Dali大曆766–779
Emperor Dezong of TangLi Gua李适780–805 Jianzhong建中780–783Dezong德宗
Xingyuan興元784
Zhenyuan貞元785–805
Emperor Shunzong of TangLi Song李誦 805 Yongzhen永貞805 Shunzong順宗
Emperor Xianzong of TangLi Chun李純 806–820 Yuanhe元和806–820 Xianzong憲宗
Emperor Muzong of TangLi Heng李恆 821–824 Changqing長慶821–824 Muzong穆宗
Emperor Jingzong of TangLi Zhan李湛 824–826Baoli寶曆824–826 Jingzong敬宗
Emperor Wenzong of TangLi Ang李昂826–840Wenzong文宗
Daheor

Taihe

大和or

太和

827–835
Kaicheng開成836–840
Emperor Wuzong of TangLi Yan李炎 840–846 Huichang會昌841–846 Wuzong武宗
Emperor Xuanzong of TangLi Chen李忱 846–859Dachong大中847–859 Xuanzong宣宗
Emperor Yizong of TangLi Cui李漼859–873Yizong懿宗
Xiantong咸通860–874
Emperor Xizong of TangLi Xuan李儇873–888Xizong僖宗
Qianfu乾符874–879
Guangming廣明880–881
Zhonghe中和881–885
Guangqi光啟885–888
Wende文德888
Emperor Zhaozong of TangLi Ye李曄888–904 Longji龍紀889Zhaozong昭宗
Dashun大順890–891
Jingfu景福892–893
Qianning乾寧894–898
Guanghua光化898–901
Tianfu天復901–904
Tianyou天佑904
Emperor Ai of TangLi Zhu李柷 904–907 Tianyou (天佑) 904–907天佑904–907 Zhaoxuan昭宣帝
1 — Emperor Shao (少帝), Emperor Ai (哀帝), and Emperor Zhaoxuan (昭宣帝) are posthumous names, not temple names.

Zhou dynasty (周朝) (690–705)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal NameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Wu ZetianWǔ Zhào武曌690–705 Tianshou天授690–692–
Ruyi如意692
Changshou長壽692–694
Yanzai延載694
Zhengsheng證聖695
Tiancewansui天冊萬歲695–696
Wansuidengfeng萬歲登封696
Wansuitongtian萬歲通天696–697
Shengong神功697
Shengli聖曆698–700
Jiushi久視700
Dazu大足701
Chang'an長安701–705

Kingdom of Qi (齊國) (881–884)

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal NameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Emperor Huang ChaoHuang Chao黃巢帝881–884 Wángbà王霸878–880–
Jīntǒng金統881–884

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國) (907–960)

{{Main|Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period}}

Five Dynasties (五代)

Chinese convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name

Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (后梁) (907–923)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Zhū Wēn朱溫907–912Emperor Xianwu獻武 Kaīpíng開平907–911Taizu太祖
Qiánhuà乾化911–912
Zhu Yougui朱友珪912–913–Qiánhuà乾化912–913–
Fengli?913
Zhū Zhèn朱瑱913–923Emperor Mo末帝 Qiánhuà乾化913–915–
Zhēnmíng貞明915–921
Lóngdé龍德921–923

Hou (Later) Tang dynasty (后唐) (923–936)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Lǐ Cúnxù李存勗 923–926– Tongguang同光923–926 Zhuangzong莊宗
Lǐ SìyuánorLǐ Dǎn李嗣源or

李亶

926–933– Tiancheng天成926–930Mingzong明宗
Changxing長興930–933
Lǐ Cónghòu李從厚 933–934 Emperor Min閔帝 Yingshun應順933–934–
Lǐ Cóngkē李從珂 934–936 Emperor Mo末帝 Qingtai清泰934–936–

Hou (Later) Jin dynasty (后晋) (936–947)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Shi Jingtang石敬瑭 936–942–Tianfu天福936–944 Gaozu高祖
Shi Chonggui石重貴942–947Emperor Chu出帝–
Kaiyun開運944–947

Hou (Later) Han dynasty (后汉) (947–950)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Liu Zhiyuan劉知遠 947–948– Tianfu天福947 Gaozu高祖
Liu Chengyou劉承祐 948–950 Emperor Yin隱帝 Qianyou乾祐948–950–

Hou (Later) Zhou dynasty (后周) (951–960)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Guo Wei郭威 951–954– Guangshun廣順951–954 Taizu太祖
Chai Rong柴榮 954–959–Xiande顯德954–960 Shizong世宗
Chai Zongxun柴宗訓 959–960 Emperor Gong恭帝–

Ten Kingdoms (十國)

Chinese convention: use personal names, noted otherwise

Wu Yue (吳越) (904–978)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Qian Liu錢鏐904–932King Wusu武肅王 Tianbao天寶908–923Taizu太祖
Baoda寶大923–925
Baozheng寶正925–932
Qian Yuanguan錢元瓘 932–941King Wenmu文穆王– Shizong世宗
Qian Hongzuo錢弘佐 941–947King Zhongxian忠獻王– Chengzong成宗
Qian Hongzong錢弘倧 947King Zhongxun忠遜王––
Qian Chu (Qian Hongchu)錢俶 (錢弘俶) 947–978King Zhongyi忠懿王––

Min (閩) (909–945) (including Yin (殷) (943–945))

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Wang Shenzhi王審知 909–925King Zhongyi忠懿王–Taizu太祖
Wang Yanhan王延翰 925–926–––
Wang Yanjun王延鈞926–935Emperor Hui惠帝 Longqi龍啟933–935Taizong太宗
Yonghe永和935
Wang Jipeng王繼鵬 935–939– Tongwen通文936–939 Kangzong康宗
Wang Yanxi王延羲 939–944– Yonglong永隆)939–944 Jingzong景宗
Wang Yanzheng王延政 943–945 Emperor Tiande
(as Emperor of Yin)		天德帝 Tiande天德943–945–

Jingnan (荆南) (or Nanping (南平)) (906–963)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Gao Jixing高季興 909–928King Wuxin武信王––
Gao Conghui高從誨 928–948King Wenxian文獻王––
Gao Baorong高寶融 948–960King Zhenyi貞懿王––
Gao Baoxu高寶勗 960–962Emperor Shizhong侍中––
Gao Jichong高繼沖 962–963–––

Chu (楚) (897–951)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Ma Yin馬殷 897–930King Wumu武穆王––
Ma Xisheng馬希聲 930–932King Hengyang衡陽王––
Ma Xifan馬希範 932–947King Wenzhao文昭王––
Ma Xiguang馬希廣 947–950King Fei廢王––
Ma Xi'e馬希萼 950King Gongxiao恭孝王––
Ma Xichong馬希崇 950–951–––

Wu (吳) (904–937)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Yang Xingmi楊行密 904–905Emperor Xiaowu孝武帝Tianyou天祐904–919Taizu太祖
Yang Wo楊渥 905–908Emperor Jing景帝Liezong烈宗
Yang Longyan楊隆演908–921Emperor Xuan宣帝Gaozu高祖
Wuyi武義919–921
Yang Pu楊溥921–937Emperor Rui睿帝 Shunyi順義921–927–
Qianzhen乾貞927–929
Dahe大和929–935
Tianzuo天祚935–937

Nan (Southern) Tang (南唐) (937–975)

Chinese convention for this kingdom only: Use Nan (Southern) Tang + posthumous names.

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Li Bian李昪 937–943– Shengyuan昇元937–943Xianzhuor

Liezu

先主or

烈祖

Li Jing李璟943–961– Baoda保大943–958Zhongzhuor

Yuanzong

中主or

元宗

Jiaotai交泰958
Zhongxing中興958
Li Yu (Li Houzhu)李煜 961–975King Wu武王– Houzhu後主

Nan (Southern) Han (南漢) (917–971)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Liú Yán
or
Liú Yǎn		劉巖or

劉龑

917–925Emperor Tianhuang the Great天皇大帝 Qiánhēng乾亨917–925Gaozu高祖
Báilóng白龍925–928
Dàyǒu大有928–941
Liú Bīn劉玢 941–943Emperor Shang殤帝 Guāngtiān光天941–943–
Liú Shèng劉晟943–958– Yìngqián應乾943Zhongzong中宗
Qiánhé乾和943–958
Liú Chǎng劉鋹 958–971– Dàbǎo大寶958–971Houzhu後主

Bei (Northern) Han (北漢) (951–979)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Liu Min劉旻 951–954Emperor Shenwu神武帝Qianyou乾祐951–957Shizu世祖
Liu Chengjun劉承鈞954–970Emperor Xiaohe孝和帝Ruizong睿宗
Tianhui天會957–970
Liu Jien劉繼恩 970––Shaozhu少主
Liu Jiyuan劉繼元 970–982Emperor Yingwu英武帝 Guangyun廣運970–982–

Qian (Former) Shu (前蜀) (907–925)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Wang Jian王建907–918– Tianfu天復907Gaozu高祖
Wucheng武成908–910
Yongping永平911–915
Tongzheng通正916
Tianhan天漢917
Guangtian光天918
Wang Zongyan王宗衍918–925– Qiande乾德918–925Houzhu後主
Xiankang咸康925

Hou (Later) Shu (后蜀) (934–965)

Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Meng Zhixiang孟知祥 934– Mingde (明德) 934明德934–938Gaozu高祖
Meng Chang孟昶 938–965– Guangzheng廣政938–965Houzhu後主

Independent regimes during Ten Kingdoms

(local independent regimes during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period traditionally not counted in the Ten Kingdoms)

Military Commissioner of Wuping/Hunan (武平/湖南節度使)

Personal nameName of postsPeriod on post
Liu Yan劉言Military Commissioner of Wuping武平節度使 950–953
Wang KuiorWang Jinkui王逵or

王進逵

 953–956
Zhou Xingfeng周行逢Military Commissioner of Hunan湖南節度使 956–962
Zhou Baoquan周保權 962–963

Military Commissioner of Quanzhang (泉漳節度使)

Personal nameName of postsPeriod on post
Liu Congxiao留從效 Commander-in-Chief of Quanzhang泉漳都指揮使 945–962
Liu Shaozi留紹鎡 Regent of Quanzhang泉漳留守 962
Zhang Hansi張漢思Military Commissioner of Quanzhang泉漳節度使 962–963
Chen Hongjin陳洪進 963–978

Liao dynasty (遼朝) (907–1125)

{{Main|Liao dynasty}}{{Main list|List of emperors of the Liao dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Liao" + temple name except Liao Tianzuodi who is referred using "Liao" + posthumous name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Emperor Taizu of LiaoYēlǜ Ābǎojī耶律阿保機907–926– Shence神冊916–922Taizu太祖
Tianzan天贊922–926
Tianxian天顯926
Emperor Taizong of LiaoYēlǜ Déguāng耶律德光926–947– Tianxian天顯927–938Taizong太宗
Huitong會同938–947
Datong大同947
Emperor Shizong of LiaoYēlǜ Ruǎn耶律阮 947–951– Tianlu (天祿) 947–951天祿947–951 Shizong世宗
Emperor Muzong of LiaoYēlǜ Jǐng耶律璟 951–969– Yingli (應曆) 951–969應曆951–969 Muzong穆宗
Emperor Jingzong of LiaoYēlǜ Xián耶律賢969–982– Baoning保寧969–979Jingzong景宗
Qianheng乾亨979–982
Emperor Shengzong of LiaoYēlǜ Lóngxù耶律隆緒982–1031– Qianheng乾亨982Shengzong聖宗
Tonghe統和983–1012
Kaitai開泰1012–1021
Taiping太平1021–1031
Emperor Xingzong LiaoYēlǜ Zōngzhēn耶律宗真1031–1055– Jingfu景福1031–1032Xingzong興宗
Chongxi重熙1032–1055
Emperor Daozong of LiaoYēlǜ Hóngjī耶律洪基1055–1101– Qingning清寧1055–1064Daozong道宗
Xianyong咸雍1065–1074
Taikangor

Dakang

太康or

大康

1075–1084
Da'an大安1085–1094
Shouchangor

Shoulong

壽昌or

壽隆

1095–1101
Emperor Tianzuo of LiaoYēlǜ Yánxǐ耶律延禧1101–1125Emperor Tianzuo Qiantong乾統1101–1110–
Tianqing天慶1111–1120
Baoda保大1121–1125

(Continued as Western Liao in Central Asia)

Western Liao (西遼) (1124–1218)

{{See also|Qara Khitai}}Chinese convention: use personal name or "Western Liao" + posthumous name
Name by which most commonly knowPersonal name ReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Yelü DashiYēlǜ Dàshíor

Yēlǜ Dáshí1

耶律大石or

耶律達實

1124–1144Emperor Tianyou Wulie天祐武烈帝 Yanqing延慶1124 or 1125–1134Dezong德宗
Kangguo康國1134–1144
Xiao Tabuyan Xiāo Tǎbùyān蕭塔不煙 1144–1150 Empress Gantian感天皇后 Xianqing咸清1144–1150–
Yelü Yilie Yēlǜ Yíliè耶律夷列 1150–1164– Shaoxingor

Xuxing2

紹興or

續興

1150–1164 Renzong仁宗
Yelü Pusuwan Yēlǜ Pǔsùwán耶律普速完 1164–1178 Empress Dowager Chengtian承天太后 Chongfu (崇福 Chóngfú) 1164–1178崇福1164–1178–
Yelü Zhilugu Yēlǜ Zhílǔgǔ耶律直魯古 1178–1211 Lord Moor

Emperor Mo

末主or

末帝

 Tianxi (天禧 Tiānxī) 1178–1218天禧1178–1218–
Kuchlug Qūchūlǜ屈出律 1211–1218–––
1 — "Dashi" might be the Chinese title "Taishi", meaning "vizier"; or, it could mean "Stone" in Turkish, as the Chinese transliteration suggests.2 — Recently discovered Western Liao coins have the era name "Xuxing", suggesting that the era name "Shaoxing" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.[1]

Song dynasty (宋朝) (960–1279)

{{Main|Song dynasty}}Chinese convention: use "Song" + temple name or posthumous name (except last emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing (宋帝昺 Sòng Dì Bǐng))
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Bei (Northern) Song (北宋) (960–1127)
Emperor Taizu of SongZhao Kuangyin趙匡胤960–976Emperor Xiao孝帝 Jianlong建隆960–963Taizu太祖
Qiande乾德963–968
Kaibao開寶968–976
Emperor Taizong of SongZhao Kuangyior

Zhao Guangyi

or

Zhao Jiong

趙匡義or

趙光義

or

趙炅

976–997Emperor De德帝 Taipingxingguo太平興國976–984Taizong太宗
Yongxi雍熙984–987
Duangong端拱988–989
Chunhua淳化990–994
Zhidao至道995–997
Emperor Zhenzong of SongZhao Heng趙恆997–1022Emperor Zhang章帝 Xianping咸平998–1003Zhenzong真宗
Jingde景德1004–1007
Dazhongxiangfu大中祥符1008–1016
Tianxi天禧1017–1021
Qianxing乾興1022
Emperor Renzong of SongZhao Zhen趙禎1022–1063Emperor Wen文帝 Tiansheng天聖1023–1032Renzong仁宗
Mingdao明道1032–1033
Jingyou景祐1034–1038
Baoyuan寶元1038–1040
Kangding康定1040–1041
Qingli慶曆1041–1048
Huangyou皇祐1049–1054
Zhihe至和1054–1056
Jiayou嘉祐1056–1063
Emperor Yingzong of Song Zhao Shu趙曙 1063–1067 Emperor Xuan宣帝 Zhiping治平1064–1067 Yingzong英宗
Emperor Shenzong of SongZhao Xu趙頊1067–1085Emperor Qin欽帝 Xining熙寧1068–1077Shenzong神宗
Yuanfeng元豐1078–1085
Emperor Zhezong of SongZhao Xu趙煦1085–1100Emperor Zhao昭帝 Yuanyou元祐1086–1094 Zhezong哲宗
Shaosheng紹聖1094–1098
Yuanfu元符1098–1100
Emperor Huizong of SongZhao Ji趙佶1100–1125Emperor Xian顯帝 Jianzhongjingguo建中靖國1101Huizong徽宗
Chongning崇寧1102–1106
Daguan大觀1107–1110
Zhenghe政和1111–1118
Chonghe重和1118–1119
Xuanhe宣和1119–1125
Emperor Qinzong of Song Zhao Huan趙桓 1126–1127 Emperor Ren仁帝 Jingkang靖康1125–1127 Qinzong欽宗
Nan (Southern) Song (南宋) (1127–1279)
Emperor Gaozong of SongZhao Gou趙構1127–1162Emperor Xian憲帝 Jianyan建炎1127–1130Gaozong高宗
Shaoxing紹興1131–1162
Emperor Xiaozong of SongZhao Shen趙昚1162–1189Emperor Cheng成帝 Longxing隆興1163–1164Xiaozong孝宗
Qiandao乾道1165–1173
Chunxi淳熙1174–1189
Emperor Guangzong of Song Zhao Dun趙惇 1189–1194 Emperor Ci慈帝 Shaoxi紹熙1190–1194 Guangzong光宗
Emperor Ningzong of SongZhao Kuo趙擴1194–1224Emperor Gong恭帝 Qingyuan慶元1195–1200Ningzong寧宗
Jiatai嘉泰1201–1204
Kaixi開禧1205–1207
Jiading嘉定1208–1224
Emperor Lizong of SongZhao Yun趙昀1224–1264Emperor An安帝 Baoqing寶慶1225–1227Lizong理宗
Shaoding紹定1228–1233
Duanping端平1234–1236
Jiaxi嘉熙1237–1240
Chunyou淳祐1241–1252
Baoyou開慶1253–1258
Kaiqing開慶1259
Jingding景定1260–1264
Emperor Duzong of Song Zhao Qi趙禥 1264–1274 Emperor Jing景帝 Xianchun咸淳1265–1274 Duzong度宗
Emperor Gongzong of Song Zhao Xian趙顯 1274–1276 Emperor Gong恭帝 Deyou德祐1275–1276 Gongzong恭宗
Emperor Duanzong of Song Zhao Shi趙昰 1276–1278– Jingyan景炎1276–1278 Duanzong端宗
Zhao Bing Zhao Bing趙昺 1278–1279 Prince Wei衛王 Xiangxing祥興1278–1279–

Western Xia (西夏) (1038–1227)

{{Main|Western Xia}}Chinese convention: use "Western Xia" + temple name (or use personal name)
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Emperor Jǐngzōng of Western XiaLǐ Yuánhào李元昊1032–1048Emperor Wǔliè武烈帝 Xiǎndào顯道1032–1034Jǐngzōng景宗
Kāiyùn開運1034
Guǎngpíng廣平1035–1036
Dàqìng大慶1036–1038
Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzuò天授禮法延祚1038–1048
Emperor Yìzōng of Western XiaLǐ Liàngzuò李諒祚1048–1067Emperor Zhāoyīng昭英帝 Yánsìníngguó延嗣寧國1048–1049Yìzōng毅宗
Tiānyòuchuíshèng天祐垂聖1050–1052
Fúshèngchéngdào福聖承道1053–1056
Duǒdū奲都1036–1038
Gǒnghuà拱化1063–1067
Emperor Huìzōng of Western XiaLǐ Bǐngcháng李秉常1067–1086Emperor Kāngjìng康靖帝 Qiándào乾道1067–1069Huìzōng惠宗
Tiāncìlǐshèngguóqìng天賜禮盛國慶1070–1074
Dà'ān大安1075–1085
Tiān'ānlǐdìng天安禮定1085–1086
Emperor Chóngzōng of Western XiaLǐ Qiánshùn李乾順1086–1139Emperor Shèngwén聖文帝 Tiānyízhìpíng天儀治平1086–1089Chóngzōng崇宗
Tiānyòumín'ān天祐民安1090–1097
Yǒng'ān永安1098–1100
Zhēnguān貞觀1101–1113
Yōngníng雍寧1114–1118
Yuándé元德1119–1127
Zhèngdé正德1127–1134
Dàdé大德1135–1139
Emperor Rénzōng of Western XiaLǐ Rénxiào李仁孝1139–1193Emperor Shèngzhēn聖禎帝 Dàqìng大慶1139–1143Rénzōng仁宗
Rénqìng人慶1144–1148
Tiānshèng天盛1149–1170
Qiányòu乾祐1170–1193
Emperor Huánzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Chúnyòu李純佑 1193–1206 Emperor Zhāojiǎn昭簡帝 Tiānqìng天慶1193–1206 Huánzōng桓宗
Emperor Xiāngzōng of Western XiaLǐ Ānquán李安全1206–1211Emperor Jǐngwǔ景武帝 Qìngtiān慶天1206–1209Xiāngzōng襄宗
Huángjiàn皇建1210–1211
Emperor Shénzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Zūnxū李遵頊 1211–1223 Emperor Yīngwén英文帝 Guāngdìng光定1211–1223 Shénzōng神宗
Emperor Xiànzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Déwàng李德旺 1223–1226– Qiándìng乾定1223–1226 Xiànzōng獻宗
Emperor Mòzhǔ of Western Xia Lǐ Xiàn李晛 1226–1227– Bǎoyì寶義1226–1227 Mòzhǔ末主

Jin dynasty (金朝) (1115–1234)

{{Main|Jin dynasty (1115–1234)}}

Chinese convention: use "Jin" + temple name or posthumous name in Chinese

Jin dynasty 1115–1234
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name ReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Emperor Taizu of JinĀgǔdǎ
or
Wányán Mǐn		阿骨打
or
完顏旻		1115–1123 Shōuguó 收國 1115–1116–Tàizǔ太祖
Tiānfǔ 天輔 1117–1123
Emperor Taizong of Jin Wúqǐmǎi
or
Wányán Shèng 		吳乞買
or
完顏晟		 1123–1134 Tiānhuì 天會 1123–1134– Tàizōng 太宗
Emperor Xizong of JinHélá
or
Wányán Dǎn		合剌
or
完顏亶		1135–1149 Tiānhuì 天會 1135–1138–Xīzōng熙宗
Tiānjuàn 天眷 1138–1141
Huángtǒng 皇統 1141–1149
Wanyan LiangDígǔnǎi
or
Wányán Liàng		迪古乃
or
完顏亮		1149–1161 Tiāndé 天德 1149–1153Prince Yáng of Hǎilíng
or
Prince of Hǎilíng		海陵煬王
or
海陵王		–
Zhènyuán 貞元 1153–1156
Zhènglóng 正隆 1156–1161
Emperor Shizong of Jin Wūlù
or
Wányán Yōng 		烏祿
or
完顏雍		 1161–1189 Dàdìng 大定 1161–1189– Shìzōng 世宗
Emperor Zhangzong of JinMádágě
or
Wányán Jǐng		麻達葛
or
完顏璟		1190–1208 Míngchāng 明昌 1190–1196–Zhāngzōng章宗
Chéng'ān 承安 1196–1200
Tàihé 泰和 1200–1208
Wanyan YongjiWányán Yǒngjì完顏永濟1209–1213 Dà'ān 大安 1209–1212Prince Shào of Weì
or
Prince of Weì		衛紹王
or
衛王		–
Chóngqìng 崇慶 1212–1213
Zhìníng 至寧 1213
Emperor Xuanzong of JinWúdúbǔ
or
Wányán Xú		吾睹補
or
完顏珣		1213–1223 Zhēnyòu 貞祐 1213–1217–Xuānzōng宣宗
Xīngdìng 興定 1217–1222
Yuánguāng 元光 1222–1223
Emperor Aizong of JinNíngjiǎsù
or
Wányán Shǒuxù		寧甲速
or
完顏守緒		1224–1234 Zhèngdà 正大 1224–1232–Āizōng哀宗
Kāixīng 開興 1232
Tiānxīng 天興 1232–1234
Emperor Mo of Jin Hūdūn
or
Wányán Chénglín 		呼敦
or
完顏承麟		 1234– Emperor Mò 末帝–

Yuan dynasty (元朝) (1271–1368)

{{Main|Yuan dynasty}}Chinese convention: for rulers before Kublai Khan use given name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names, use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name afterNote:
1) The Mongol Great Khans before Khublai were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271
2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names.
3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur the lame (Tamerlane).
Khan NamePersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Genghis Khan Borjigin Temüjin孛兒只斤鐵木真 1206–1227–– Tàizǔ太祖
Tolui Borjigin Tolui孛兒只斤拖雷 1228–– Ruìzōng睿宗
Ögedei Khan Borjigin Ögedei孛兒只斤窩闊台 1229–1241–– Tàizōng太宗
Güyük Khan Borjigin Güyük孛兒只斤貴由 1246–1248–– Dìngzōng定宗
Möngke Khan Borjigin Möngke孛兒只斤蒙哥 1251–1259–– Xiànzōng憲宗
Kublai KhanBorjigin Kublai孛兒只斤忽必烈1260–1294 Zhōngtǒng中統1260–1264–Shìzǔ世祖
Zhìyuán至元1264–1294
Temür KhanBorjigin Temür孛兒只斤鐵穆耳 1294–1307 Yuánzhēn元貞1295–1297–Chéngzōng成宗
1307–1308Dàdé大德1297–1307
Külüg Khan Borjigin Qayshan孛兒只斤海山 1308–1311 Zhìdà至大1308–1311– Wǔzōng武宗
Ayurbarwada Buyantu KhanBorjigin Ayurparibhadra孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達 1311–1320 Huángqìng皇慶1312–1313–Rénzōng仁宗
1320–1321Yányòu延祐1314–1320
Gegeen Khan Borjigin Suddhipala孛兒只斤碩德八剌 1321–1323 Zhìzhì至治1321–1323– Yīngzōng英宗
Yesün Temür1Borjigin Yesün-Temür孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒1323–1328 Tàidìng泰定1324–1328Emperor Tàidìng2泰定帝–
Zhìhé致和1328
Ragibagh Khan1 Borjigin Arigaba孛兒只斤阿速吉八 1328 Tiānshùn天順1328 Emperor Tiānshùn2天順帝–
Jayaatu Khan Tugh TemürBorjigin Toq-Temür孛兒只斤圖帖睦爾1328–1329 and 1329–1332 Tiānlì天曆1328–1330–Wénzōng文宗
Zhìshùn至順1330–1332
Khutughtu Khan Kusala Borjigin Qoshila孛兒只斤和世剌 1329– Míngzōng明宗
Rinchinbal Khan Borjigin Irinchibal孛兒只斤懿璘質班 1332– Níngzōng寧宗
Toghon Temür1Borjigin Toghan-Temür孛兒只斤妥懽帖睦爾1333–13681333Emperor Shundi順帝Huìzōng惠宗
Yuántǒng元統1333–1335
Zhìyuán至元1335–1340
Zhìzhèng至正1341–1368
Zhìyuán至元1368–1370
1 — Chinese convention: for these sovereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name (e.g. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tàidìng Dì).2 — Not actually a posthumous name, but adopted from era name.
Note:1) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names.2) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with the Timur (Timurlane or Tamerlane) who attempted to restore the Mongolian Empire in Central Asia.Convention: for the following sovereign only, use "yuan" + posthumous name.

Northern Yuan (北元) (1368 – early 15th century)

after being overthrown by the Ming dynasty in China in 1368 (1368 – early 15th century)

Convention: use khan names or birth names.
Khan NamesPersonal NameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Toghon Temür

(same person as the last Yuan emperor)

Borjigin Toghan-Temür孛兒只斤妥懽帖睦爾1368–1370 Zhìshùn至順1333Emperor Shundi順帝Huìzōng惠宗
Yuántǒng元統1333–1335
Zhìyuán至元1335–1340
Zhìzhèng至正1341–1368
Zhìyuán至元1368–1370
Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara Borjigin Ayushiridara孛兒只斤愛猷識里達臘 1370–1378 Xuānguāng宣光1371–1378– Zhàozōng昭宗
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür Borjigin Tögüs Temür孛兒只斤脫古思帖木兒 1378–1387 Tiānyuánor

Tiānguāng1

天元or

天光

1378–1387––
1 — Recently discovered Northern Yuan coins have the era name "Tianguang", suggesting that the era name "Tianyuan" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.[2]

Ming dynasty (明朝) (1368–1644)

{{Main|Ming dynasty}}{{Main list|List of emperors of the Ming dynasty}}
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name ReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name1 (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name1 (Miao Hao 廟號)
Hongwu Emperor Zhū Yuánzhāng朱元璋 1368–1398 Hóngwǔ洪武1368–1398 Emperor Gāo高帝 Tàizǔ太祖
Jianwen Emperor Zhū Yǔnwén朱允炆 1398–1402 Jiànwén建文1398–1402 Emperor Huì惠帝 Huizong²惠宗
Yongle Emperor Zhū Dì朱棣 1402–1424 Yǒnglè永樂1402–1424 Emperor Wēn文帝 Chéngzǔ or Tàizōng成祖 / 太宗
Hongxi Emperor Zhū Gāochì朱高熾 1424–1425 Hóngxī洪熙1424–1425 Emperor Zhāo昭帝 Rénzōng仁宗
Xuande Emperor Zhū Zhānjī朱瞻基 1425–1435 Xuāndé宣德1425–1435 Emperor Zhāng章帝 Xuānzōng宣宗
Emperor Yingzong of Ming Zhū Qízhèn朱祁鎮 1435–1449and

1457–1464³

 Zhèngtǒngand

Tiānshùn

正統and

天順

1435–1449and

1457–1464

 Emperor Ruì睿帝 Yīngzōng英宗
Jingtai Emperor Zhū Qíyù朱祁鈺 1449–1457 Jǐngtài景泰1449–1457 Emperor Jǐng景帝 Dàizōng代宗
Chenghua Emperor Zhū Jiànshēn朱見深 1464–1487 Chénghuà成化1464–1487 Emperor Chún純帝 Xiànzōng憲宗
Hongzhi Emperor Zhū Yòutáng朱祐樘 1487–1505 Hóngzhì弘治1487–1505 Emperor Jìng敬帝 Xiàozōng孝宗
Zhengde Emperor Zhū Hòuzhào朱厚照 1505–1521 Zhèngdé正德1505–1521 Emperor Yì毅帝 Wǔzōng武宗
Jiajing Emperor Zhū Hòucōng朱厚熜 1521–1566 Jiājìng嘉靖1521–1566 Emperor Sù肅帝 Shìzōng世宗
Longqing Emperor Zhū Zǎihòu朱載垕 1566–1572 Lóngqìng隆慶1566–1572 Emperor Zhuāng莊帝 Mùzōng穆宗
Wanli Emperor Zhū Yìjūn朱翊鈞 1572–1620 Wànlì萬曆1572–1620 Emperor Xiǎn顯帝 Shénzōng神宗
Taichang Emperor Zhū Chángluò朱常洛 1620 Tàichāng泰昌1620 Emperor Zhēn貞帝 Guāngzōng光宗
Tianqi Emperor Zhū Yóujiào朱由校 1620–1627 Tiānqǐ天啓1620–1627 Emperor Zhé悊帝 Xīzōng熹宗
Chongzhen Emperor Zhū Yóujiǎn朱由檢 1627–1644 Chóngzhēn崇禎1627–1644 Emperor Zhuānglièmǐnhuáng莊烈愍皇帝 Sīzōng or Yìzōng思宗 / 毅宗
1 — As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Ming, to avoid confusion. For example, the Hongwu emperor is frequently referred to as Ming Taizu.2 — The Yongle emperor assumed the throne of his nephew the Jianwen emperor, who was officially said to have died in a palace fire but who was suspected of escaping to live as a recluse. The Yongle emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him. In 1644 the Prince of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong.3 — After listening to the poor advice of his eunuch advisers, the Zhengtong Emperor personally led a campaign in 1449 against the Mongols and was captured. His brother the Jingtai Emperor assumed the throne and as a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Zhengtong Emperor who returned to live in seclusion. However the Zhengtong Emperor was able to regain his position, choosing the reign name Tianshun.

Shun dynasty (順朝) (1644–1645)

The Shun dynasty was an imperial dynasty created in the brief lapse from Ming to Qing rule in China. It was a state set up by the peasants' rebellion, in which they defeated the Ming forces, but former Ming general Wu Sangui led the Qing forces into Beijing and the Qing forces defeated the rebels.

Name most commonly known byPersonal name Reign yearsEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Li ZichengLi Zicheng李自成1644–1645Yongchang永昌1644–1645Chuǎng Wáng (The Dashing King)闖王

Southern Ming (南明) (1644–1662)

The Southern Ming dynasty refers to the Ming loyalist regimes that existed in Southern China from 1644 to 1662. The regime was established by the princes of the already destroyed Ming dynasty. All of these monarchs had their regimes crushed by the Qing forces very quickly. Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) used the Ming dynasty's name and gathered forces before fleeing to Taiwan.

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name ReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)
Zhu Yousong Zhū Yóusōng朱由崧 1644–1645 Hóngguāng弘光1644–1645 Ānzōng安宗
Zhu Yujian Zhū Yùjiàn朱聿鍵 1645–1646 Lóngwǔ隆武1645–1646 Shàozōng紹宗
Zhu Changfang Zhū Chángfāng朱常淓 1645None given, but sometimes referred to as the "Regency of the Prince of Lu/Luh"
(Lù Wáng Lín Guó)		潞王臨國1646–
Zhu Yihai Zhū Yǐhǎi朱以海 1645–1653–
Zhu Yuyue Zhū Yùyuè朱聿𨮁 1646 Shàowǔ紹武1646 Wénzōng文宗
Zhu Youlang Zhū Yóuláng朱由榔 1646–1662 Yǒnglì永曆1646–1662 Zhāozōng昭宗
*The two characters are homonyms, both pronounced Lu; to distinguish them, one is usually kept as Lu and the other spelled differently. Luh is from Cambridge History of China; Lou is from A.C. Moule's Rulers of China (1957). When one irregular spelling is used, the other is kept as regular (Lu). The two systems are distinct and not used simultaneously.

Qing dynasty (清朝) (1636–1912)

{{Main|Qing dynasty}}{{Main list|List of emperors of the Qing dynasty}}
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name1 ReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name2 (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name2 (Miao Hao 廟號)
Nurhaci Nurhaci努爾哈赤 1616–16263 Tiānmìng天命Abkai fulingga1616–1626 Emperor Gāo高皇帝 Tàizǔ太祖
Huang TaijiHong Taiji4皇太極1626–1643 Tiāncōng天聰Abkai sure1627–1636Emperor Wén文皇帝Tàizōng太宗
Chóngdé崇德Wesihun erdemungge1636–1643
Shunzhi Emperor Fúlín福臨 1643–16615 Shùnzhì順治Ijishūn dasan1643–1661 Emperor Zhāng章皇帝 Shìzǔ世祖
Kangxi Emperor Xuányè玄燁 1661–1722 Kāngxī康熙Elhe taifin1661–1722 Emperor Rén仁皇帝 Shèngzǔ聖祖
Yongzheng Emperor Yìnzhēn胤禛 1722–1735 Yōngzhèng雍正Hūwaliyasun tob1722–1735 Emperor Xiàn憲皇帝 Shìzōng世宗
Qianlong Emperor Hónglì弘曆 1735–17966 Qiánlóng乾隆Abkai wehiyehe1735–1796 Emperor Chún純皇帝 Gāozōng高宗
Jiaqing Emperor Yóngyǎn顒琰 1796–1820 Jiāqìng嘉慶Saicungga fengšen1796–1820 Emperor Ruì睿皇帝 Rénzōng仁宗
Daoguang Emperor Mínníng旻寧 1820–1850 Dàoguāng道光Doro eldengge1820–1850 Emperor Chéng成皇帝 Xuānzōng宣宗
Xianfeng Emperor Yìzhǔ奕詝 1850–1861 Xiánfēng咸豐Gubci elgiyengg1850–1861 Emperor Xiǎn顯皇帝 Wénzōng文宗
Tongzhi Emperor Zǎichún載淳 1861–18757 Tóngzhì同治Yooningga dasan1861–1875 Emperor Yì毅皇帝 Mùzōng穆宗
Guangxu Emperor Zǎitián載湉 1875–19087 Guāngxù光緒Badarangga doro1875–1908 Emperor Jǐng景皇帝 Dézōng德宗
Xuantong Emperor Pǔyí
(also known as Henry)		溥儀 1908–191210 Xuāntǒng宣統Gehungge yoso1908–1912 Emperor Xùn8/ -9
1 — The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 aixin jueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name.2 — As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Qing, to avoid confusion. For example, the Qianlong emperor is frequently referred to as Qing Gaozong.3 — Nurhaci founded the Jin (金) or Later Jin (後金) dynasty in 1616, but it was his son Hong Taiji who changed the name of the dynasty to Qing in 1636. Nurhaci adopted the reign name Tianming but his Qing titles were all conferred posthumously.4 — Hong Taiji is referred to erroneously in some historical literature as Abahai (阿巴海).5 — The Shunzhi emperor was the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper following the occupation of Beijing in 1644.6 — The Qianlong emperor officially retired in 1796, taking the title Emperor Emeritus (太上皇帝). This was an act of filial piety to ensure that he would not reign longer than his illustrious grandfather, the Kangxi emperor. However, he remained the ultimate authority until his death in 1799, at which point his son, the Jiaqing emperor, began to exercise the power that had been his in name only from 1796.7 — The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine of the Xianfeng emperor, mother of the Tongzhi emperor, and adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor, used her considerable skills of political manipulation to act as the power behind the throne or on the throne from 1861 until her death in 1908. She acted as a regent during the minorities of the two young emperors and confined the Guangxu emperor in the Summer Palace after he attempted to introduce reforms in 1898. The death of the Guangxu emperor was announced the day before her own.8 — Xundi ("The Abdicated Emperor") is the posthumous name given by mainland China and Taiwan's history books to Puyi.9 — In 2004 the descendants of the Qing imperial family have conferred a posthumous name and temple name upon the late Puyi. Posthumous name: Mindi (愍帝). Temple name: Gongzong (恭宗). It remains to be seen whether these names will be accepted by the Chinese public.10 — The Xinhai Revolution started on October 10, 1911. The last emperor, Puyi, abdicated officially on February 12, 1912. The Qing dynasty was overthrown with his abdication on that day. However, that same day the Chinese Republic granted the "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Emperor of the Great Qing after his Abdication" (清帝退位優待條件) which allowed Puyi to retain his imperial title and stated that he should be treated by the government of the Republic of China with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch. These articles were revised on November 5, 1924, after the coup by General Feng Yuxiang: the revised articles stated that Puyi was losing his imperial title and henceforth becoming a regular citizen of the Republic. Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City that same day. Thus, Puyi was ruling emperor until February 12, 1912 (and also briefly between July 1 and July 12, 1917 in the Manchu Restoration), and non-ruling emperor between February 12, 1912 and November 5, 1924. Puyi also later became the puppet leader of Japanese-controlled Manchukuo under the reign name Datong (大同) (1932–1934), then the puppet emperor of Manchukuo under the reign name Kangde (康德) (1934–1945).

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864)

{{main|Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|Taiping Rebellion}}
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name ReignEra name (Nian Hao 年號)
Hong Xiuquan Hong Xiuquan洪秀全 11 January 1851 – 1 June 1864 Yuánnián元年
Hong Tianguifu Hong Tianguifu洪天貴福 6 June 1864 – 18 November 1864–

Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915–1916)

{{Main|Empire of China (1915–1916)}}

A short-lived attempt by statesman and general Yuan Shikai who attempted to establish himself as emperor in 1915, but his rule is universally accepted as inauthentic. After 83 days, his reign ended.

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal name ReignEra name (Nian Hao 年號)
Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai袁世凱 22 December 1915 – 22 March 1916 Hóngxiàn洪憲

See also

  • Timeline of Chinese history
  • List of Chinese leaders
  • List of Presidents of the Republic of China
  • Leader of the Communist Party of China
  • Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the party and the People's Republic of China

References

1. ^{{Cite journal |last1 = Belyaev |first1 = V.A. |last2 = Nastich |first2 = V.N. |last3 = Sidorovich |first3 = S.V. |title = The coinage of Qara Khitay: a new evidence (on the reign title of the Western Liao Emperor Yelü Yilie) |journal = Proceedings of the 3rd Simone Assemani Symposium, September 23–24, 2011, Rome |year = 2012 }}
2. ^http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_ac349fd50102xfdr.html

External links

{{Commons category|Emperors of China}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615034730/http://www.thailex.asia/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/LEXICON/List%20of%20Chinese%20Dynasties%20and%20Rulers.htm List of Chinese rulers]
{{Years in China}}{{Portal bar|China|History of Imperial China|Monarchy}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Chinese Monarchs}}

5 : Lists of Chinese monarchs|Political history of China|Chinese emperors|Chinese monarchs|China history-related lists
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/16 6:10:56