| 词条 | Multigraph (orthography) |
| 释义 |
A multigraph (or pleongraph) is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English {{angbr|ch}} or French {{angbr|eau}}. The term is infrequently used, as the number of letters is usually specified:
Combinations longer than tetragraphs are unusual. The German pentagraph {{angbr|tzsch}} has largely been replaced by {{angbr|tsch}}, remaining only in proper names such as {{angbr|Poenitzsch}} or {{angbr|Fritzsche}}. Except for doubled trigraphs like German {{angbr|schsch}}, hexagraphs are found only in Irish vowels, where the outside letters indicate whether the neighboring consonant is "broad" or "slender". However, these sequences are not predictable. The hexagraph {{angbr|oidhea}}, for example, where the {{angbr|o}} and {{angbr|a}} mark the consonants as broad, represents the same sound (approximately the vowel in English write) as the trigraph {{angbr|adh}}, and with the same effect on neighboring consonants. The seven-letter German sequence {{angbr|schtsch}}, used to transliterate Russian {{angbr|щ}}, as in {{angbr|Borschtsch}} for {{angbr|борщ}} "borscht", is a sequence of a trigraph {{angbr|sch}} and a tetragraph {{angbr|tsch}} rather than a heptagraph. Likewise, the Juu languages have been claimed to have a heptagraph {{angbr|dts’kx’}}, but this is also a sequence, of {{angbr|dts’}} and {{angbr|kx’}}. Beyond the Latin alphabet, Morse code uses hexagraphs for several punctuation marks, and the dollar sign {{angbr|$}} is a heptagraph, {{angbr|· · · — · · —}}. Longer sequences are considered ligatures, and are transcribed as such in the Latin alphabet. See also
1 : Multigraphs (orthography) |
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