词条 | List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available and also arguably more meaningful. These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the Pound sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size. The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data, and while most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros. And since all the figures below are in U.S. dollar equivalents, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures. Foreign exchange reserves
Notes
Currency composition of foreign exchange reservesIMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis. As of Q4 2016, there are 146 reporters, consisting of IMF member countries, a number of non-member countries/economies, and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves. From Q4 2016, the data was expanded to include renminbi (RMB).[119]
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ICELAND|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 87. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=Cia.gov|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 88. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/blr/eng/curblr.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - BELARUS|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbrb.by/engl/|title=National Bank of the Republic of Belarus|website=Nbrb.by|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/hnd/eng/curhnd.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - HONDURAS|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mus/eng/curmus.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - MAURITIUS|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 92. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/lva/eng/curlva.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - LATVIA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 93. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 {{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FI.RES.TOTL.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc|title=Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) - Data|website=data.worldbank.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/irl/eng/curirl.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - IRELAND|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 95. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/alb/eng/curalb.htm|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - ALBANIA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/slv/eng/curslv.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - EL SALVADOR|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 97. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/svk/eng/cursvk.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - SLOVAK REPUBLIC|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 98. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/geo/eng/curgeo.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - GEORGIA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 99. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nbg.gov.ge/index.php?m=304&lng=eng|title=National Bank Of Georgia|website=Nbg.gov.ge|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 100. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/jam/eng/curjam.htm|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - JAMAICA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/nic/eng/curnic.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - NICARAGUA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 102. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mkd/eng/curmkd.htm|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - MACEDONIA, FYR|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mda/eng/curmda.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - MOLDOVA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bnm.org/ru/content/informaciya-ob-izmenenii-oficialnyh-rezervnyh-aktivov-v-yanvare-2016-goda|title=Banca Națională a Moldovei -|website=Bnm.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 105. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bnm.org/bdi/pages/reports/dovre/DOVRE1.xhtml?lang=ru&id=15366|title=Banca Națională a Moldovei -|website=Bnm.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 106. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cba.am/en/SitePages/statsdds.aspx|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity|publisher=|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 107. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/kgz/eng/curkgz.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - KYRGYZ REPUBLIC|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 108. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbkr.kg/index1.jsp?item=130&lang=ENG|title=National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic|website=Nbkr.kg|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 109. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ltu/eng/curltu.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - LITHUANIA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 110. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/lux/eng/curlux.pdf|title=IMF - Luxembourg|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 111. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/dbgrossreserves.aspx|title=Bank of Mongolia.|first=|last=Монголбанк|website=Bank of Mongolia.|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 112. ^{{cite web|url=http://bqk-kos.org/repository/docs/2015/MSB%20no.172%20anglisht%20(1).pdf|title=Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo. Monthly Statistics Bulletin. December 2015, No. 127|publisher=|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 113. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/cyp/eng/curcyp.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - CYPRUS|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 114. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/svn/eng/cursvn.pdf|title=IMF - Slovenia|publisher=|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 115. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mlt/eng/curmlt.htm#I|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - MALTA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 116. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/syc/eng/cursyc.htm|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - SEYCHELLES|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 117. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/est/eng/curest.pdf|title=IMF - Estonia|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 118. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/PSE/eng/CURpse.HTM|title=International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - WEST BANK AND GAZA|website=Imf.org|accessdate=17 July 2018}} 119. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://data.imf.org/?sk=E6A5F467-C14B-4AA8-9F6D-5A09EC4E62A4|title=IMF Data - Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)|last=|first=|date=March 30, 2018|website=|publisher=International Monetary Fund|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} External links
3 : Lists of countries|Lists of countries by economic indicator|Foreign exchange reserves |
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