| 词条 | Muslim Teli |
| 释义 |
|group= Teli Musalmaan |poptime = |popplace = India and Pakistan |langs = Urdu • Sindhi • Marwari • Punjabi |rels= Islam 100% |related= Teli • Mansoori • Muslim Dhobi• Ghanchi • Shaikh • Chaki-Solanki• Ghori• Chail-Chohan• Soomrah• Khilji• Panwar• Sau usmani malik }} The Muslim Teli are an ethnic group found in Pakistan and India. The word Tel means oil (cooking oil) and Teli means person dealing with manufacture and sale of cooking oil in Urdu. Related to the Muslim Teli are the Ghanchi, a community found in Gujarat, who are also involved in the manufacture of cooking oil. The members of this community Teli belongs to Islam. They are found in North India and Pakistan. In North India, the community is also known by the name Awan Malik, while in Pakistan, they are known as Teli Malik.[1] History and originThe word Teli is derived from the Sanskrit word tailika or tails, which means oil pressed from mustard or sesame. The community are thus manufacturers of mustard or sesame oil. In North India, the community speaks Urdu, and its dialects, Awadhi and Khari Boli. In Pakistan, the community speak Punjabi. [2] Present circumstancesIn IndiaIn India, they are found throughout North India, with concentrations in the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The community depend on land. Their traditional occupation of oil pressing has now been replaced with the growing of cash crops and business. Many are now successful businessmen. The commuynity perceives itself to be of Shaikh status, as they are converts from Vaish community.[3] In Uttar Pradesh, a majority of Teli are small and medium-sized farmers. Many have benefited from land reforms carried out at Indian Independence, when they were granted ownership of the land they cultivated. The Uttar Pradesh Teli are strictly endogamous, and are further divided into four endogamous groups, the Turkiya, Ikasna, Doasna and Dese. In terms of distribution, the Turkiya are found mainly in Awadh and Varanasi, while the Ikasna and Doasna are found in western Uttar Pradesh. They speak Urdu, as well as dialects of Hindi, and follow the Sunni sect. The Teli live in multi-caste villages, and but occupy their own distinct quarters. .[4] In Delhi, the Teli are sub-divided into two communities, the Teli proper and the Teli Dhuniya. They live in the neighbourhoods of Phatak Teliya, Phatak Habash Khan, Khirwala Phatak and Borhaiya in Old Delhi. The Delhi Teli are also known as Shaikh Mansuri, and this name has replaced Teli as a self-description. They are now a community of small businessman and traders, although many are still engaged in oil pressing. A good many of the Delhi Teli emigrated to Pakistan, at partition, and now found concentrated in Karachi.[5] In Bihar, the Muslim Teli (malik) call themselves Turk Teli or Turkia. According to their traditions, the community is descended of Turk soldiers in the armies of Bakhtiyar Khilji, the Muslim conqueror of Bihar. They are found throughout Bihar, and speak Bhojpuri. Like Teli elsewhere, many are now small and medium-sized businessmen, and have been more successful than other Muslim artisans castes in their adoption of the modern market economy.[6] In Haryana, the Muslim Teli, who are also known as Malik, are found throughout the state, and speak Haryanvi. They are divided along sectarian divisions, with the majority being Sunni and a minority Shia. The community is further divided into three endogamous groups, the Ikasna, Doasna and Asne. These three sub-divisions are further divided into clans or gotras, such as the Olyan, Diyya and Panwar. But the Muslim Teli practice clan exogamy, and there is a further restriction on not marrying within the village. Although Muslim, the Teli do practice a number of Hindu customs, but these are in decline. The community has abandoned its traditional occupation of oil pressing, with a small number now being cultivators. A majority however are agricultural labourers, with other others employed in the construction industry in Delhi. Like other Haryana Muslims, they were affected by the partition of India, which the departure almost half the community to Pakistan.[7] The Teli have traditional communities councils, but they also have a formal communities association, the Mansuri Anjuman. Their traditional communities councils or panchayats are sub-divided into circles, made up of 10 to 20 villages.[8] In PakistanIn Pakistan, there are three distinct communities which form part of the Teli community, the awaan malik, they work in agriculture (Pakistan)|Urdu speaking]] community based in Karachi, and the Teli Malik and Teli Rajput of Punjab.{{cn|date=January 2019}} See also
References1. ^People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 1061 to 1065 {{Indian Muslim}}2. ^People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 1062 3. ^People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1063 4. ^People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1063 5. ^People of India Delhi Volume XX editors T K Ghosh and S Nath pages 683 to 684 Manohar 6. ^People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 918 to 923 Seagull Books 7. ^People of India Haryana Volume XXIII edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 485 to 489 Manohar Books 8. ^People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1065 10 : Social groups of Pakistan|Social groups of Uttar Pradesh|Muslim communities of India|Punjabi tribes|Shaikh clans|Muhajir communities|Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan|Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh|Social groups of Bihar|Muslim communities of Bihar |
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