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词条 MV Mavi Marmara
释义

  1. History

     Gaza Freedom Flotilla  Violent incident  No humanitarian aid  Release and return home  Freedom Flotilla II 

  2. Ship's registry

  3. Sister ships

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Multiple issues|{{lead too short|date=August 2014}}{{Cleanup|reason=NPOV, grammar, and style issues, non-standard formatting (e.g. links in the middle of sentences)|date=August 2016}}
}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}Mavi Marmara}}>{{Infobox ship image
Ship image = Mavi Marmara leaving port.jpg{{lang>tr|Mavi Marmara}} leaving Antalya for Gaza on May 22, 2010.
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country =ComorosShip flag ={{lang>tr|Mavi Marmara}}tr|IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)}}[1]tr|IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)}}[1]Ship ordered=tr|Türkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.}}[1]Ship yard number= 302[1]Ship laid down=Ship launched=Ship completed= November 9, 1994[2]Ship christened=Ship renamed=Ship acquired=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship homeport= Moroni, Comoros (2010). Previously Istanbul, TurkeyShip fate=Ship status=9005869}}[3]
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class= Passenger ship4,142}}Ship displacement=93|m|ft|abbr=on}}[3]20|m|ft|abbr=on}}[3]Ship height=Ship draught=4|m|ft|abbr=on}}[4]Ship depth=Ship ice class=Ship sail plan=Ship power= 4,400 kW[2]date=April 2012}}[2]Ship auxiliary propulsion=9.9|kn}}- avg. {{convert|7.2|kn}}[4]Ship capacity=1,080 passengers[13]Ship crew=Ship notes=
}}
{{gaza blockade}}

MV Mavi Marmara is a Comoros-flagged[5] passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. on the line Sarayburnu, Istanbul-Marmara Island-Avşa Island in the Sea of Marmara. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers.[6] It is best known for its participation in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the Gaza flotilla raid.

History

Gaza Freedom Flotilla

{{main|Gaza flotilla raid}}

The MV {{lang|tr|Mavi Marmara}} was purchased in 2010 by the IHH, a Turkish NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries.[7] The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation"[8] among them. It has held Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2004,[9][10] and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.[7][11]

The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization.[12] Much of their money goes to the Union of Good, which is designated as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group by the US Office of Foreign Asset Control and banned by Executive Order 13224. In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials.[13] Israel's Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups.[7][11] The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the Free Gaza Movement, called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.[7]

However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany   and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza.     Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım, was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.[14]

The IHH acquired the Mavi Marmara at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey.[15] The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the Israeli blockade over Gaza. On May 30, 2010, while in international waters and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to Ashdod Port or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on the ship and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.[30]

Violent incident

Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos, In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report),[16] and a tenth died three years later of his wounds.   Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.[17]

The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011.[18] The Israeli government-appointed Turkel Commission unveiled its final report on January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs in May 2013.[19]

No humanitarian aid

The Mavi Marmara was a passenger ship and did not carry any humanitarian aid, though other ships (four of the six in the convoy) did carry aid supplies.[20]

Israel said that they found knives, metal and wood sticks in the ship.[21] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed, that the humanitarian aid found, was scattered and thrown onto piles and not packed properly for transport, i.e. on wooden bases, and some of the equipment was crushed by the weight in transit. Medicines had already expired, or expired soon after the unloading, and a large part of the equipment (shoes, clothing) was worn and second hand, sterile equipment was carelessly wrapped.[22]

Release and return home

The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the Port of Haifa and the third at the Port of Ashdod since their interception. Three Turkish tugboats were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The Mavi Marmara was towed by the Ocean Ergun in a two-day ride to the Port of Iskenderun, arriving an August 7, 2010.[23]

Nobody was permitted to board the Mavi Marmara due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the pilothouse were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's port side was painted over in white.[24] According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel.[25] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/may/31/israel-troops-gaza-ships The] ship returned to Istanbul harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.[26]

Freedom Flotilla II

{{main|Freedom Flotilla II}}

A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011.[27] The Financial Times reported on June 17, 2011, that the Mavi Marmara would not be sailing, as previously announced. The IHH said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.[28]

Ship's registry

  • ex MS Beydağı[1]

Sister ships

  • MS TDI Karadeniz,[1] since renamed MS Dream.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.turkgemileri.com/ships/mavimarmara.htm |publisher=Türk Gemileri |title=Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay%281%29.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce |title=Detay Gemi Listesi |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011055338/http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay(1).pdf |archivedate=October 11, 2010 }} |
3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.digital-seas.com/vessel_search/vessel_details/on/d6fu2_m_s_mavi_marmara_q2052726.html |publisher=Digital Seas |title=MS Mavi Marmara |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/tr/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=616952000&header=true |publisher=Marine Traffic |title=M/S Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}
5. ^{{cite news|title=İsrail ‘uluslararası suları’ kabul etti|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/14896132.asp|date=June 1, 2010}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |publisher=IDO |title=Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603232355/http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |archivedate=June 3, 2010 }}
7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10202678.stm |title=Profile: Free Gaza Movement |date=June 1, 2010 |work=BBC News|publisher=BBC |accessdate=April 29, 2011}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en/ |title=IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report |quote=IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820132306/http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en |archivedate=August 20, 2010 |df= }}
9. ^{{Cite web|title=Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The |url=http://esango.un.org/civilsociety/showProfileDetail.do?method=showProfileDetails&tab=1&profileCode=2525 |publisher=NGO Branch, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|accessdate=June 2, 2010}}
10. ^{{Cite web|title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009 | url=http://esango.un.org/paperless/content/E2009INF4.pdf |format=PDF|publisher=United Nations Economic and Social Council |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}
11. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7790919/Gaza-flotilla-the-Free-Gaza-Movement-and-the-IHH.html |title=Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH |author= Spencer, Richard |date=May 31, 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=April 29, 2011 |location=London}}
12. ^{{cite news |author=Benjamin Weinthal |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=218594 |title=Dutch government places IHH on terror list |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=May 1, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2014}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 6, 2010}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?ID=273979&R=R1|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=June 15, 2010}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=cargo-ship-will-set-out-to-gaza-to-deliver-aid-2010-04-13|work=Hürriyet|date=May 13, 2010}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf|format=PDF|work=Human Rights Council|title=Fifteenth session}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/10195838.stm|title=Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship|publisher=BBC News|date=May 31, 2010}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=364071|title=Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy|publisher=Turkish Press|date=February 11, 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://israelcfr.com/documents/7-2/7-2-6-AndrzejMakowski.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea|publisher=Israel Journal on Foreign Relations|date= May 2013}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Equipment_aid_Gaza_flotilla_7-Jun-2010.htm |title=Summary of equipment and aid aboard the Gaza flotilla |publisher=Israel MFA |date=June 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sRBdbpLE?url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Equipment_aid_Gaza_flotilla_7-Jun-2010.htm |archivedate=September 2, 2010 |df= }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Maj-Gen-res_Eiland_presents_conclusions_examination_team_12-Jul-2010.htm |title=Maj-Gen (res.) Eiland presents conclusions of examination team |work=GxMSDev |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124142440/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Maj-Gen-res_Eiland_presents_conclusions_examination_team_12-Jul-2010.htm |archivedate=November 24, 2011 |df= }}
22. ^{{cite news|last1=Ronen|first1=Gil|title=It's Official: There was No Humanitarian Aid on Mavi Marmara|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137997|accessdate=June 29, 2015|publisher=Arutz Sheva|date=June 10, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/15485007.asp |newspaper=Hürriyet |title=Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor |date=August 4, 2010 |language=Turkish }}
24. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/15505285.asp |newspaper=Hürriyet |title=‘Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da |date=August 7, 2010 |language=Turkish }}
25. ^{{cite news |last=Aktuğ |first=Ufuk |date=August 10, 2010 |title=Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı |trans-title=250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetay&ArticleID=1013066&Date=11.08.2010&CategoryID=77 |newspaper=Radikal |accessdate=January 19, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |newspaper=Today's Zaman |title=Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship |date=December 26, 2010}}
27. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/world/middleeast/12iht-M12-TURK-FLEET.html |newspaper=The New York Times |title=A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza |date=May 11, 2011 |first=Susanne |last=Güsten}}
28. ^{{cite news |date=June 17, 2011 |author=Tobias Buck |work=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ec4ab2dc-98eb-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q5NwJZP2 |title=Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla |accessdate=June 3, 2014 |subscription=yes}}
29. ^1 http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf
• http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html
• {{cite news|last=Katz |first=Yaakov |title=Navy commandos:'They came for war' |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=177040 |work=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=March 20, 2011 }}
• {{cite news|date=June 2, 2010 |title=Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5qHYg61LU?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archivedate=June 6, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
US Treasury, November 12, 2008


• Specially Designated Global Terrorist list{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910021822/http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/programs/terror/terror.pdf |date=September 10, 2008 }}


• {{cite news |title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328 |author=Hilary Krieger |date=March 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 30, 2012 }}


• {{cite web |title=Portrait of IHH |url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |publisher=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |date=May 26, 2010 |accessdate=January 30, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530032406/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |archivedate=May 30, 2010 }}


• {{cite news |title=The Terror Finance Flotilla |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/terror-finance-flotilla |author=Jonathan Schanzer |work=The Weekly Standard |date=May 31, 2010 |accessdate=January 13, 2012 }}


• {{cite news |title=Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/germany-outlaws-charity-over-alleged-hamas-links-1.301483 |work=Haaretz |author=DPA |date=July 12, 2010 |accessdate=January 13, 2012 }}[29]
}}

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Mavi Marmara (ship, 1994)}}
  • U.S. Officials Doubt Israeli Claims About Terrorists in Gaza Flotilla, Newsweek (June 3, 2010)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mavi Marmara}}

4 : 1994 ships|Gaza flotilla raid|Passenger ships of Turkey|Ships built in Istanbul
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