| 词条 | Mycoplasma mycoides |
| 释义 |
| image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | status = | status_system = | status_ref = | genus = Mycoplasma | species = mycoides | parent = Mycoplasma mycoides group | authority = (Borrel et al., 1910) Freundt, 1955 | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision =
}} Mycoplasma mycoides is a bacterial species of the genus Mycoplasma in the class Mollicutes. This microorganism is a parasite that lives in ruminants. Mycoplasma mycoides comprises two subspecies, mycoides and capri, which infect cattle and small ruminants such as goats respectively. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidesThe subspecies "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm)", previously named "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony (SC) type (MmmSC)", is known as the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a contagious lung disease of cattle. It was first isolated in 1898 by Edmond Nocard et al. and the first mycoplasma to be isolated at all.[1][2] Formerly, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was known as Asterococcus mycoides.[3] The Mycoplasma mycoides clusterMycoplasma mycoides belongs to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, or Mycoplasma mycoides group, a group of closely related infectious mycoplasmas, first named by Weisburg et al.[4]The cluster sensu stricto contains the genera Mycoplasma mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum and comprises six species and subspecies:
The last one is disputed with respect to the question of being a separate species.[5][6] In 2009, L. Manso-Silván et al. proposed to consider M. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Large Colony as equal with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Furthermore, they proposed the name Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. for Mycoplasma sp. 'bovine group 7' as a separate species.[5] Minimal genome projectIn 2010, as part of the Minimal Genome Project, a team of the J. Craig Venter Institute synthesized a modified version (JCVI-syn1.0) of the 1,000,000 base pair M. mycoides genome and implanted it into a DNA-free bacterial shell of Mycoplasma capricolum;[7] the resulting organism was shown to be self-replicating.[8][9] In 2016, the Venter Institute used genes from the JCVI-syn1.0 to synthesize an even smaller genome they call JCVI-syn3.0, that contains 531,560 base pairs and 473 genes.[10] A comparison of these two genomes revealed a common set of 256 genes which the team thinks could represent a minimal set of genes needed for viability.[10] References1. ^Nocard, E.I.E. & Roux, E.; Le microbe de la péripneumonie; Ann Inst Pasteur 12, 240-262. (Translated as ‘The microbe of pleuropneumonia' in Rev Infect Dis 12, 354-358 (1990)) {{Taxonbar|from=Q1768280}}2. ^{{cite journal |author=Cheng X |display-authors=4 |author2=Nicolet J |author3=Poumarat F |author4=Regalla J |author5=Thiaucourt F, Frey J |title=Insertion element IS1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains |journal=Microbiology |volume=141 |issue=Pt 12 |pages=3221–3228 |date=December 1995 |pmid=8574413 |doi=10.1099/13500872-141-12-3221}} 3. ^{{cite journal |author=Plackett P |author2=Buttery SH |title=A galactan from Mycoplasma mycoides |journal=Nature |volume=182 |issue=4644 |pages=1236–1237 |date=November 1958 |pmid=13590288 |doi=10.1038/1821236a0|bibcode=1958Natur.182.1236P }} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Weisburg WG |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification |journal=J. Bacteriol. |volume=171 |issue=12 |pages=6455–67 |date=December 1989 |pmid=2592342 |pmc=210534 |name-list-format=vanc|author2=Tully JG |author3=Rose DL |display-authors=3 |last4=Petzel |first4=JP |last5=Oyaizu |first5=H |last6=Yang |first6=D |last7=Mandelco |first7=L |last8=Sechrest |first8=J |last9=Lawrence |first9=TG}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Manso-Silván L |display-authors=4 |author2=Vilei EM |author3=Sachse K |author4=Djordjevic SP |author5=Thiaucourt F, Frey J |title=Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of Leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume=59 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=1353–1358 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19502315 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.005546-0}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author=Thiaucourt F |author2=Lorenzon S, David A |author3=Breard A |title=Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by sequencing of a putative membrane protein gene |journal=Vet. Microbiol. |volume=72 |issue=3–4 |pages=251–268 |date=March 2000 |pmid=10727835 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00204-7}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.zmescience.com/medicine/genetic/worlds-first-genome-transplant-a-step-forward-towards-creating-synthetic-life-forms/|title = World's first genome transplant – a step forward towards creating synthetic life forms|first = Mara|last = Bujor|publisher = ZME Science|date = 2009-05-13}} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/news.2010.255 |date=May 2010 |title=Sizing up the 'synthetic cell' |journal=Nature |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100520/full/news.2010.255.html }} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/biology_evolution/article7132299.ece|title=Scientists create artificial life in laboratory|author=|date=May 21, 2010 |newspaper=The Times|postscript= | location=London | first=Mark | last=Henderson}} 10. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Hutchison|first=Clyde A.|last2=Chuang|first2=Ray-Yuan|last3=Noskov|first3=Vladimir N.|last4=Assad-Garcia|first4=Nacyra|last5=Deerinck|first5=Thomas J.|last6=Ellisman|first6=Mark H.|last7=Gill|first7=John|last8=Kannan|first8=Krishna|last9=Karas|first9=Bogumil J.|date=2016-03-25|title=Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6280/aad6253|journal=Science|language=en|volume=351|issue=6280|pages=aad6253|doi=10.1126/science.aad6253|issn=0036-8075|pmid=27013737|bibcode=2016Sci...351.....H}} 3 : Cryozoa|Bacteria described in 1929|Mycoplasma |
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