“List of divided cities”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A divided city is one which, as a consequence of political changes or border shifts, currently constitutes (or once constituted) two separate entities, or an urban area with a border running through it. Listed below are the localities and the state they belonged to at the time of division.

Formerly united cities that were divided

Akçakale, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921

Tell Abyad, Syria
Akçakale, Turkey

Arappınar, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921

Kobanî, Syria
Mürşitpınar, Turkey

Baarle, divided since 1194, modern NL–BE division since 1831

Baarle-Nassau, Netherlands
Baarle-Hertog, Belgium

Bad Muskau, Germany

Bad Muskau, Germany
Łęknica, Poland

Bad Radkersburg, Austria-Hungary

Bad Radkersburg, Austria
Gornja Radgona, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Slovenia)

Beirut (since reunited) in Lebanon, during the Lebanese civil war

Berlin (since reunited) in Germany ^[1]

West Berlin, closely associated with West Germany
East Berlin, East Germany

Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

Bratislava, Slovakia
Engerau (Petržalka), Austria (reunited after World War II)

Bristol, USA

Bristol, Tennessee
Bristol, Virginia

Brod, Yugoslavia

Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Slavonski Brod in Croatia

Carmen de Patagones, Argentina

Carmen de Patagones, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Viedma, Río Negro Province, Argentina

Deryneia, Cyprus (De facto divided since 1974)

Deryneia, Cyprus
Kato Deryneia, North Cyprus

Dibba, Portuguese fort

Dibba Al-Fujairah (دبا الفجيرة), ruled by the Emirate of Fujairah, UAE
Dibba Al-Hisn (دبا الحصن), ruled by the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE
Dibba Al-Baya (دبا البيعة), ruled by the Governorate of Musandam, Oman

El Paso del Norte, Mexico (divided in 1848 after the Mexican–American War)

El Paso, Texas, United States
Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

Frankfurt (Oder), Germany

Frankfurt (Oder), East Germany, now Germany
Słubice, Poland

Forst (Lausitz), Germany

Forst (Lausitz), Germany
Zasieki, Poland

Galkayo, Somalia

North Galkayo (administered by Puntland)
South Galkayo (administered by Galmudug)

Ghajar divided between Israel and Lebanon

Gmünd, Austria-Hungary

Gmünd, Austria
České Velenice, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic

Gorizia, Italy

Gorizia, Italy
Nova Gorica, Yugoslavia, now Slovenia

Görlitz, Germany

Görlitz, East Germany, now Germany 60,000
Zgorzelec, Poland 38,000

Guben, Germany

Guben, East Germany, now Germany 22,000
Gubin, Poland 19,000

Herzogenrath, divided since 1815 at the Congress of Vienna (before that, department of Meuse-Inférieure)

Herzogenrath, Germany (47,187)
Kerkrade, Netherlands (47,681)

Hili, India, divided since 1947 after partition of India

Hili, India
Hili, East Pakistan, now Bangladesh (1971–)

Jerusalem (de facto reunited in 1967)^[2]

West Jerusalem, Israel
East Jerusalem (al-Quds), under Jordanian control 1948–1967, under Israeli control since 1967, claimed by Jordan 1967-1988; claimed by Palestine 1988–present{{ref label|Jstatus|a|}}

Komárom, Austria-Hungary

Komárom, Hungary
Komárno, Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia

Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo{{ref label|Kstatus|b|}}

ethnic-Albanian south (Republic of Kosovo-controlled)
ethnic-Serb north (North Kosovo)

Küstrin, Germany

Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Poland
Küstrin-Kietz, Germany

Laredo, New Spain/Mexico (note: Mexican city was founded when the border was established, by people moving over the border from what had just become the US city)

Laredo, Texas
Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas

Laufenburg divided between Switzerland and Germany

Lloydminster, Canada, divided between Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1905–1930

The community was founded in 1903 in what was then the Northwest Territories, and located on the Fourth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey, which became the boundary between the newly created provinces two years later. In 1930, the community was reunited as a single town under the shared jurisdiction of both provinces, and reincorporated as a single city in 1958.

Lo Wu (the romanization used in Hong Kong) / Luohu (the romanization used in mainland China)

1898–1911: divided between the Qing Empire and British Hong Kong
1912–1939: divided between Kwangtung Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1939–1941: divided between Japanese occupation zone (pronounced Rakō) and British Hong Kong
1941–1945: both under Japanese occupation.
1945–1949: divided between Kwangtung Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1949–1997: divided between Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1997–present: the People's Republic of China possesses the sovereignty of the entire town since Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China by the United Kingdom in 1997; the part that was previously possessed by British Hong Kong is now administered by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the rest of the town is still administered by Guangdong Province. Border controls are still in use.

Mödlareuth, Germany (now without boundary wall)

Mödlareuth, Gefell, Thuringia, East Germany
Mödlareuth, Töpen, Bavaria, West Germany

Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina^[3]

The Dayton Agreement that ended the Bosnian War in 1995 divided many cities that once were united in former Yugoslav Bosnia—for details, see the Inter-Entity Boundary Line article.

Moyale, divided between Kenya and Ethiopia

Narva, Estonia

Narva, Estonia
Ivangorod, Russia

Nicosia, capital of Cyprus, divided since 1974 after the Turkish invasion on the island and still divided (North Nicosia).

Nogales, Arizona, USA, Sonora, Mexico^[4]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=January 2018}}^[5]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=January 2018}}

Padang Besar, Malay Peninsula, divided between Malaysia and Thailand. (Note: as the history of the area is somewhat hazy, it is not clear whether the town constituted a single settlement divided by an international border, or is instead an example of a geographical twin city. However, both towns' names, and the majority of their inhabitants, are of Malay origin.)

Padang Besar, Malaysia
Padang Besar, Thailand

Pello

Rafah divided between the Gaza Strip and Egypt

Rafah, Egypt

Resülayn, divided along the Baghdad Railway under the Treaty of Ankara in 1921

Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria
Ceylanpınar, Turkey

Rheinfelden divided between Switzerland and Germany

Rijeka, Croatia

Fiume, Italy (1924–1944)
Sušak, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (reunited after World War II)

Rome, Papal States

Rome, Italy
Vatican City

Saltney divided between England and Wales

Sha Tau Kok (the romanization used in Hong Kong) / Shatoujiao (the romanization used in mainland China)

1898–1911: divided between the Qing Empire and British Hong Kong
1912–1939: divided between Kwangtung Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1939–1941: divided between Japanese occupation zone ( pronounced Satōgaku) and British Hong Kong
1941–1945: both under Japanese occupation.
1945–1949: divided between Kwangtung Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1949–1997: divided between Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and British Hong Kong
1997–present: the People's Republic of China possesses the sovereignty of the entire town since Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China by the United Kingdom in 1997; the part that was previously possessed by British Hong Kong is now administered by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the rest of the town is still administered by Guangdong Province. Border controls are still in use.

Sátoraljaújhely, Austria-Hungary

Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary
Slovenské Nové Mesto, Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia

Teschen, Austrian Silesia

Cieszyn, Poland
Český Těšín, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic

Texarkana, United States

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana, Arkansas

Walk, Livonia

Valga, Estonia
Valka, Latvia

Veľké Slemence

divided between Slovakia and Ukraine (connected with an exclusive border just for the village, the only one in the Schengen area)

Zvornik, after the dismemberment of Yugoslavia, remains divided between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia

Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mali Zvornik, Serbia

Cities that arose next to each other across a boundary line

Astara

Astara, Azerbaijan
Astara, Iran

Brazzaville/Kinshasa

Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Blagoveshchensk/Heihe

Blagoveshchensk, Russia
Heihe, China

Ciudad Juárez/El Paso

Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
El Paso, Texas

Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali

Chandigarh, India
Mohali, Punjab, India
Panchkula, Haryana, India

Chuí/Chuy

Chuí, Brazil
Chuy, Uruguay

Como/Chiasso

Como, Italy
Chiasso, Switzerland

Derby Line/Stanstead

Derby Line, Vermont
Stanstead, Québec

Detroit–Windsor

Detroit, Michigan
Windsor, Ontario

Islamabad-Rawalpindi

Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan

Jaigaon/Phuntsholing

Jaigaon, Republic of India
Phuntsholing, Kingdom of Bhutan

Johor Bahru/Singapore

Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Singapore

Kara-Suu/Qorasuv

Kara-Suu, Kyrgyzstan
Qorasuv, Uzbekistan

Khorgas

Khorgas, China
Qorgas, Kazakhstan

Monaco and its French suburbs

In Monaco: Monte-Carlo, Monaco-Ville, Fontvielle, Larvotto
In France: Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes, Les Moneghetti, Saint-Antoine, Figuiera, Les Salines

Ottawa/Gatineau (National Capital Region (Canada))

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

Niagara Falls, USA/Canada

Niagara Falls, New York
Niagara Falls, Ontario

Philadelphia/Camden, United States

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Camden, New Jersey

New York City and its neighbors (Jersey City, West New York, Hoboken, etc.) across the Hudson River

Rivera/Santana do Livramento, Uruguay/Brazil

Rivera, Uruguay
Santana do Livramento, Brazil

San Diego-Tijuana

San Diego, California
Tijuana, Baja California

Sault Ste. Marie

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada

Texhoma

Texhoma, Oklahoma, United States
Texhoma, Texas, United States

Texarkana

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana, Arkansas

Torneå, Kingdom of Sweden

Tornio, Finland
Haparanda, Sweden

Union City, United States

Union City, Indiana
Union City, Ohio

Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal grew to territory of Vila do Conde since the 18th century. Although it is not clear that the territory actually was in Vila do Conde limits. Ideas to merge the towns arose in the 19th century.

Póvoa de Varzim
Vila do Conde

Giurgiu/Ruse

Giurgiu, Romania
Ruse, Bulgaria

Tricity, Poland consists of Gdańsk and Sopot which were part of Free City of Danzig, and Gdynia which was built near them as a port of the Second Polish Republic. Since 1945 all are in Poland.

Cases that involve formerly united cities being divided

Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, after the Dayton Accords which politically define country's political structure, have most of the city within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while some suburbs are within the boundaries of the other entity, Republika Srpska.

Washington, DC, USA, and suburbs

Washington, DC
Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)—originally in Maryland, moved to the District of Columbia
Alexandria, Virginia—originally in Virginia, moved to District of Columbia, moved back to Virginia

Khimki, Russia is divided by River at 1930, part of city left to Moscow at 1961 (include hospital known as "Stravinsky clinic" in Master and Margarita) and about 2010 merged with Skodnya. This area has the special rule: anything between Khimky and Skhodnya doesn't cause to leave Khimky even some part is Moscow territory (rule prevents legal collisions, for example buses are subject to local regulation nor the region level or work permits still valid here).

Notes and references

Notes:

Jstatus}}There was international controversy on the status of Jerusalem in 1948 which has been further complicated since 1967. See positions on Jerusalem for further information.

Kstatus}}{{Kosovo-note}}

References:

1. ^"World's great divided cities: The most enchanting cities split into two halves", Houston Chronicle, 03 March 2018
2. ^"World's great divided cities: The most enchanting cities split into two halves", Houston Chronicle, 03 March 2018
3. ^"World's great divided cities: The most enchanting cities split into two halves", Houston Chronicle, 03 March 2018
4. ^Nogales, Sonora
5. ^Nogales, Arizona

3 : Lists of cities|Divided cities|Twin cities

Formerly united cities that were divided

Cities that arose next to each other across a boundary line

Cases that involve formerly united cities being divided

See also

Notes and references