| 释义 |
- Domestic animals
- Semidomesticated, routinely captive-bred, or domestication status unclear
- Taxonomical groupings
- See also
- References
This page gives a list of domestic animals,[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and/or morphological changes from their wild ancestors; while others have been changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, however, there isn't always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, i.e., there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated. Archaeozoology has identified three classes of animal domesticates: - commensals, adapted to a human niche (e.g., dogs, cats, guinea pigs)
- prey animals sought for food (e.g., cows, sheep, pig, goats)
- targeted animals for draft and nonfood resources (e.g., horse, camel, donkey).&91;2&93;
To sort the tables chronologically by date of domestication, refresh your browser window, as clicking the Date column heading will mix CE and BCE dates. Domestic animals | Species and subspecies | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of origin | Purpose | Image | Degree and type of domestication | Extent in wild vs captivity | Taxon group |
|---|
| Dog (Canis familiaris)[3] | Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus)[4] | 13000 BCE[5][6] | Europe[6] | Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, patrol, fibre | Tame (with exceptions),[7] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes | Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[7] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare | 1c Carnivora | | Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) | 10000 BCE[8][9][10] | Iran | milk, meat, fibre, skin, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common | 1b Bovidae | | Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) | Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[11] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[12] | 9000 BCE[13][14][15][16] | Western Asia, China | meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffles, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control | Some physical changes | Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Sheep (Ovis aries)[3] | Unknown ancestor,[17] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) | 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[18] | Anatolia, Zagros mountains | fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control | Some physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae | | Cattle (Bos taurus)[3] | Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius)† | 8000 BCE[19][20] | Western Asia | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control | Some physical changes | Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common | 1b Bovidae | | Zebu (Bos taurus indicus)[3] | Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† | 8000 BCE | India | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount | Considerable physical changes | Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Cat (Felis catus)[3] | African wildcat (Felis lybica)[21] | 8000–7500 BCE[21] | Near East | pets, pest control, show, pelt, research | Tame, some physical changes | Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. | 1c Carnivora | | Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) | 6000 BCE[22] | India and Southeast Asia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control | Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes | Very common in captivity and the wild | 2b Galliformes | | Domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) | 5000 BCE[23] | Peru | pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control | Tame, slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and the wild | 1d Rodentia | | Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[24] | 5000 BCE[25][26] | Egypt | transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, | 1e Other mammals | | Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | 4000 BCE | China | meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, racing, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control | Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild | 2a Anseriformes | | Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] | Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) | 4000 BCE | India, China, Philippines | working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, pets, horns, patrol, dung | Mainly unchanged from wild animal | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae | | Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | 4000 BCE (1880s for A.m. ligustica, modern for A.m. mellifera, uncertain for A.m. carnica, A.m. caucasia and A.m. cecropia) | Europe, Asia and Africa | honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis | Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. See Western honey bee for details. | Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear[27] | 6a Hymenoptera | | Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) | Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)†[28] | 4000 BCE | Arabia | transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, show, racing, fighting, milk, meat, pets, patrol, hair, weed control | Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Horse (Equus ferus caballus) | Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equss ferus ferus) [29] | 3500 BCE[30] | Kazakhstan | transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure | Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration | Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common | 1e Other mammals | | Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina mori) | Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) | 3000 BCE | China | silk, animal feed, pets, meat | Tame/held captive, some physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear | 6b Other insects | | Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) | Rock dove (Columba livia) | 3000 BCE | Mediterranean Basin | show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets | Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds | Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant | 2c Columbiformes | | Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) | Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides) | 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides.[31] | Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) | meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control | Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and the wild | 2a Anseriformes | | Yak (Bos grunniens)[3] | Wild yak (Bos mutus) | 2500 BCE | Tibet, Nepal | milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung | Tame, slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. | 1b Bovidae | | Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) | 2500 BCE | Central Asia (Afghanistan) | milk, transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, show, racing, meat, hair, pets | Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Llama (Lama glama)[3] | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[32] | 2400 BCE[33] | Peru, Bolivia | transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[3] | Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[32] | 2400 BCE[33] | Peru, Bolivia | fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control | Considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) | West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) | 2400 BCE[34] | Africa | meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure | Mainly unaltered from wild population | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 2b Galliformes | | Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† | Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) | Date uncertain[35] | Chile | hunting, pets, warmth, guarding | Tame, slight physical changes | Extinct in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | European polecat (Mustela putorius) | 1500 BCE[36] | Europe | pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing | Tame, slight physical changes | Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare | 1c Carnivora | | Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) | Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) | 700–600 BCE[33] | South America | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control | Tame, some physical changes | Common in captivity, feral populations are rare | 2a Anseriformes | | Barbary dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea risoria) | African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) | 500 BCE | North Africa | show, pets, meat | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and feral populations | 2c Columbiformes | | Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) | Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Bali | meat, milk, show, racing, working, plowing, draft, horns | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae | | Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] | Gaur (Bos gaurus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Northeast India | meat, milk, horns | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae | | Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) | South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) | 180 CE[33] | Mexico | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure | Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2b Galliformes | | Goldfish (Carassius auratus) | Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)[37] | 300 CE to 400 CE | China | pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control | Tame/held captive, significant physical changes | Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear | 5a Cyprinidae | | Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[38] | 600 CE[39] | Europe | pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control | Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range | 1e Other mammals | | Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | 11th Century CE | Japan | ornamental, show, pets | Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 5a Cyprinidae | | Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) | Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) | 15th century CE | Canary Islands, Europe | pets, research, show, mining, fighting | Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2d Passeriformes | | Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) | White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) | unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[40] | Japan | pets, research | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild | 2d Passeriformes | | Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) | House mouse (Mus musculus) | 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe)[41] | China | pets, research, racing, animal feed | Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia | | Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) | Uncertain species of the genus Betta | 19th century CE | Thailand | fighting, pets | Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes | 5b Other fish | | Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) | Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | 19th century CE[42] | United Kingdom | pets, research, show | Tame, some physical and psychological changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia | | Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus) [43] | American mink (Neovison vison) | 19th century CE | North America | fur, hunting, pest control, pets | Some physical and psychological changes | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 1c Carnivora | | Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 1950s CE | Soviet Union, Russia | pelt, research, pets | Tame, some physical changes | Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common | 1c Carnivora | | Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris domestica) | Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) | 1980s CE | Central and Eastern Africa | pets | Slight physical changes | Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Guppy (Poecilia reticulata some strains)[44] | Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) | Date uncertain | Barbados, Brazil, Guyana | pets | Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes | Common in captivity | 5b Other fish |
Semidomesticated, routinely captive-bred, or domestication status unclear Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what, precisely, constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild animals by their extensive interactions with humans. Many could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans. | Species and subspecies | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of origin | Purpose | Image | Degree and type of domestication | Extent in wild vs captivity | Taxon group |
|---|
| Semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) | Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) | 3000 BCE | Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia)[45] | meat, milk, transportation, working, draft, mount, hides, racing, leather, antlers, pets | Semidomesticated | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) | Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) | Date uncertain | Southern Africa | meat, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)† | Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[46] | Date uncertain | Mesopotamia | meat, feathers, eggs, sacrifice | Extinct in captivity and in the wild | 2f Other birds | | Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) | Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) | Date uncertain | Middle East, Egypt | meat, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) | Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[47] | Date uncertain | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) | Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[48] | Date uncertain | Egypt | meat, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) | Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) | 2320–2150 BCE | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifice | Held/tame in captivity | Small captive population, but nearly extinct in wild | 1b Bovidae | | Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) | Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis)[49][50] | Date uncertain | Egypt | tourism, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) | Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)[51] | Date uncertain | Egypt, Middle East, India | meat, hunting, blood, show, tourism, hair, medicine, fat, organs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Serval (Leptailurus serval) | Serval (Leptailurus serval)[52] | Date uncertain | Egypt | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Caracal (Caracal caracal) | Caracal (Caracal caracal)[53] | Date uncertain | Egypt, India, Southern Africa | hunting, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetah (A. jubatus venaticus) | Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetah (A. jubatus venaticus)[54][55] | Date uncertain | Egypt, India, Middle East | hunting, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† | Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† | Date uncertain | Egypt | meat, hides, horns, sacrifice | Extinct in captivity and in the wild | 1b Bovidae | | Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)† | Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)†[56] | Date uncertain | Mesopotamia | draught | Extinct in captivity and in the wild | 1e Other mammals | | Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) | Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) | 2000 BC | Indus Valley Civilization | working, transportation, hunting, show, racing, fighting, worship, patrol | Semidomesticated (Captured from wild and tamed) | 1e Other mammals | | Wood duck (Aix sponsa) | Wood duck (Aix sponsa) | Date uncertain | North America | meat, ornamental, pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2a Anseriformes | | Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) | Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) | Pre-modern China (date uncertain) | China | ornamental, pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2a Anseriformes | | Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) | Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) | Date uncertain | Egypt | meat, eggs, ornamental, guarding, pets, feathers | Held/tame in captivity | common in captivity, feral populations very common | 2a Anseriformes | | Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) | Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) | Ancient Egypt (Date uncertain) | Egypt | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) | Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[57] | 5000 BCE | China | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Genets: Common (Genetta genetta), Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted (G. maculata) | Common (Genetta genetta),[58] Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) | Date uncertain | Africa | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana), including subspecies Indian (A. cerana indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. cerana japonica) | Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana) and appropriate subspecies | Date uncertain | South Asia, Southeast Asia, Japan | honey, pollination | Held/tame in captivity | 6a Hymenoptera | | Fallow deer (Dama dama) | Fallow deer (Dama dama) | 1000 BCE | Mediterranean Basin | meat, hides, antlers, pets | Semidomesticated | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) | 800 BC | Europe, Asia | bloodletting, surgery | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) | Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) | 700–500 BC[33] | Chile, Peru, Mexico | dye | Held/tame in captivity | Very common in the wild | 6b Other insects | | Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) | Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) | 500 BCE | India | show, feathers, meat, ornamental, pets, guarding, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | Fairly common in the wild | 2b Galliformes | | Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) | Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) | kept in Ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain | Greece | pets, talking bird | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri) | Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri) | Classical antiquity (Date uncertain) | West Africa, India | pets, talking bird | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Red deer (Cervus elaphus) | Red deer (Cervus elaphus) | ~0 CE | China, Russia, Europe, United Kingdom | meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers | Captive bred | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Roman snail (Helix pomatia) | Roman snail (Helix pomatia) | 100 CE | Europe | meat, pets, shells | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) | Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) | 180 CE | Mexico, Amazon basin | honey, pollination, pets | Semidomesticated | 6a Hymenoptera | | White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) | White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) | Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) | China, Indonesia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) | Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Yellow-crested and Citron-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea and C. S. citrinocristata) | Yellow-crested and Citron-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea and C. S. citrinocristata) | Date uncertain | Sulawesi, Masalembu Islands, Tukangbesi Islands, Tanah Jampea, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Timor, Lesser Sundas, Sumba | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Japanese, Neotropic and great cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus, P. brasilianus and P. carbo) | Japanese, Neotropic and great cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus, P. brasilianus and P. carbo) | 960 CE | Japan, China, Peru | fishing | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) | Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) | Date uncertain | Eurasia | meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding | Semidomesticated | 2a Anseriformes | | Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | 1000-1500 CE | Europe | meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding | Semidomesticated | 2a Anseriformes | | House cricket (Acheta domesticus) | House cricket (Acheta domesticus) | 12th century CE | Southwestern Asia, China, Japan | animal feed, meat, fighting, pets | Held in captivity | Somewhat common in captivity, very common in wild | 6b Other insects | | Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica) | Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica) | 1100–1900 CE | Eurasia, Japan | meat, eggs, pets | Domesticated in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 1200–1500 CE | Europe, Asia | meat | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) | Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) | Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) | China | pets | Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Javas from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable | Threatened in wild | 2d Passeriformes | | Northern bobwhite (Colinus. virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) | Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) | Date uncertain | United States, Sonora | meat, eggs, pets | Captive bred | Plumage changes | 2b Galliformes | | European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) | European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) | Date uncertain | Europe | pets, singing | Captive bred | 2d Passeriformes | | Pekin robin (Leiothrix lutea) | Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) | Date uncertain | China, Japan | pets, singing | Captive bred | 2d Passeriformes | | Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) | Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) | Date uncertain | India | fighting, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rat (C. emini) | Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rat (C. emini) | At least 1997 [59] but possibly early 1990s | Sub-Saharan Africa | meat, pets, landmine detection, TB detection, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) | Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) | Date uncertain | India | pets | Easy to tame | 1d Rodentia | | Black and Grey francolin (Francolinus francolinus and F. pondicerianus) | Black and Grey francolin (Francolinus francolinus and F. pondicerianus) | Date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, pets, fighting | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) | Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) | Date uncertain | China | ornamental, pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasants (P. versicolor) | Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasants (P. versicolor) | Date uncertain | Asia, Japan | meat, eggs, pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Sika deer (Cervus nippon) | Sika deer (Cervus nippon) | Date uncertain | Japan, China | meat, antlers, tourism, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) | Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) | Date uncertain | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya | meat, milk, leather, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligators (A. sinensis) | American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligators (A. sinensis) | Date uncertain | United States, China | pets, meat, hides, teeth | Captive bred | once uncommon in the wild, captive breeding has led to the species recovering across much of its range | 3c Other reptiles | | Moose (Alces alces) including subspecies Alaska moose (A. a. gigas) | Moose (Alces alces)[60] and appropriate subspecies | Date uncertain | Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska | research, milk, antlers, mount, draft, transportation, working, meat, hides | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostriches (S. c. massaicus) | North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostriches (S. c. massaicus) | Date uncertain | North Africa, West Africa; East Africa | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets | Semidomesticated | 2f Other birds | | South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) | South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) | 19th century | South Africa | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets | Semidomesticated | 2f Other birds | | Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) | Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) | Date uncertain | Kenya | meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets | Semidomesticated | 2f Other birds | | Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | 1850s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger | Fairly common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | 1870s | Australia | pets, show, talking bird | Held/tame in captivity | Common in the wild and in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) | Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Elk (Cervus canadensis) including subspecies Rocky Mountain elk (C. c. nelsoni), Roosevelt elk (C. c. roosevelti), Tule elk (C. c. nannodes), Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis) | Elk (Cervus canadensis), including Rocky Mountain (C. c. nelsoni), Roosevelt (C. c. roosevelti), Tule (C. c. nannodes), and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis) | late 1800s | North America | meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers | Captive bred | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Stoat (Mustela erminea) | Stoat (Mustela erminea) | 1800s | Eurasia | fur, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | European mink (Mustela lutreola) | European mink (Mustela lutreola) | 1800s | Europe, Russia | fur | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Coypu (Myocastor coypus) | Coypu (Myocastor coypus) | late 19th to early 20th century | Argentina | fur, meat, aquatic weed control, pets | Captive bred | 1d Rodentia | | Domestic skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | 19th century | North America | pets, pest control | Tame when captive-bred | 1c Carnivora | | Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) | Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)[61] | Date uncertain | North America | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | 1910s | Australia, South Africa | research, animal feed | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) | Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) | 1920s | China | research, biotechnology, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Rosy-faced, yellow-collared, and Fischer's lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, A. personatus and A. fischeri) | Rosy-faced, yellow-collared and Fischer's lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, A. personatus and A. fischeri) | 1920s | Africa | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) | Various rainbowfish spp. (Melanotaeniidae spp.) | 1920s | northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay, and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia | pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 5b Other fish | | Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) | Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) | 1930s | Syria, Turkey | pets, research | Domesticated | 1d Rodentia | | Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) | Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) | 20th century | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey | pets, research | Domesticated | 1d Rodentia | | Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) | Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) | 1930s | Andes | pets, fur, research | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) | Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) | 1930s | Andes | fur | Raised in captivity | Critically endangered in the wild | 1d Rodentia | | Water flea (Daphnia magna) | Water flea (Daphnia magna) | 1930s | North America, Eurasia, Africa | research, animal feed | Held/tame in captivity | 6c Other arthropods | | African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) | African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) | 1950s | South Africa | pets, research | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) | Brine shrimp (Artemia spp., esp. A. salina) | 1950s | United States | pets | Domesticated | 6c Other arthropods | | Ball python (Python regius) | Ball python (Python regius) | 1960s | Africa | pets | Captive bred | 3a Serpentes | | Dwarf hamsters (Phodopus spp.) | Campbell's dwarf, Djungarian and Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus campbelli, P. sungorus and P. roborovskii) | 1960s | Europe | pets, research | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) | Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) | 20th century | Australia | pets, show | Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger | 2d Passeriformes | | Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) | Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) | 20th century | Mexico | research, pets | Slight physical changes | Critically endangered in the wild | 4b Other amphibians | | Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) | Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) | Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) | 20th century | Pakistan | pets | Slight physical modification | Somewhat common in captivity | 3b Lacertilia | | American bison (Bison bison) | American bison (Bison bison) | 20th century | North America | meat, leather, hides, horns, guarding, fibre | Semidomesticated | 1b Bovidae | | Companion parrot (Order Psittaciformes) | Many species (Order Psittaciformes)[62] | 1980s and 1990s | Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, New Zealand | pets, companion, talking bird, ornamental, guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella) | Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella) | 20th century | Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded poison dart frog (D. leucomelas) | Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded poison dart frog (D. leucomelas) | Mid-to-late 20th century | Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela | pets | Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity | 4a Anura | | Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata) | Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2c Columbiformes | | Common (Lampropeltis getula), Grey-banded kingsnakes (L. alterna) and Milk snake (L. triangulum) | Common (Lampropeltis getula), Grey-banded kingsnakes (L. alterna) and Milk snake (L. triangulum) | Date uncertain | Texas, New Mexico, Chihuahua | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 3a Serpentes | | Corn snake (Pantherophis gutttatus) | Corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) | 1960s | United States | pets | Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild | 3a Serpentes | | Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) | Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) | 1960s | United States | wool, meat, milk, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) | Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) | 1960s | Madagascar | pets | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) | Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets | Slight physical changes | 3b Lacertilia | | Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) | Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) | 1970s | Australia | pets | Slight physical changes | 3b Lacertilia | | Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) | Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[63] | 1970s | China | meat, algae control | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) | Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) | 1980s | Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) | Salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) | 1980s | Maluku Islands | pets, show, talking bird | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) | Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) | Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[64] | 1980s | Australia | pets, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Lawson's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) | Lawson's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) | 1980s | Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 3b Lacertilia | | Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) | Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) | 1980s | Europe | wax, pollination | Held/tame in captivity | 6a Hymenoptera | | Greater rhea (Rhea americana) | Greater rhea (Rhea americana) | 1990s | South America | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets | Semidomesticated | 2f Other birds | | Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) | Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) | 1990s | Australia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets | Semidomesticated | 2f Other birds | | Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) | Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) | Date uncertain | West Africa | meat, leather, hides, horns, milk | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa) | Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis)[65] and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa) | Date uncertain | Kenya | meat, leather, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Common degu (Octodon degus) | Common degu (Octodon degus) | 1990s | Chilean Andes | pets, research | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) et al. | Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and others of the genus | 1990s | Mongolia | pets, research | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Green iguana (Iguana iguana) | Green iguana (Iguana iguana) | 1990s | South America | pets, meat, leather | Captive bred | 3b Lacertilia | | Carpet python (Morelia spilota) | Carpet python (Morelia spilota) | Date uncertain | New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia | pets | Captive bred | 3a Serpentes | | Green tree python (Morelia viridis) | Green tree python (Morelia viridis) | mid-1990s | New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia | pets | Captive bred | 3a Serpentes | | Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) | Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) | late 1990s | Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2e Psittaciformes | | Pin-tailed parrotfinch (Erythrura prasina) | Pin-tailed parrotfinch (Erythrura prasina) | date uncertain | Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) | Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) | late 1990s | Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) | Australian green tree frog | late 20th century | Australia | pets | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Argentine and Cranwell's horned frogs (Ceratophrys ornata and C. cranwelli) | Argentine and Cranwell's horned frogs (Ceratophrys ornata and C. cranwelli) | late 20th century | Argentina | pets | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) | Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) | 2000s | England, Russia | meat, pets | Domesticated | 5a Cyprinidae | | King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) | King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) | Date uncertain | Asia, Australia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) | Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) | Date uncertain | South America | meat, eggs | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) | Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[66] | Date uncertain | South America | meat, eggs | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | White-necked (Corvus. albicollis), Common (C. corax), and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); Pied (C. albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and Hooded crows (C. cornix); Rook (C. frugilegus) | White-necked (C. albicollis), Common (C. corax), and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); Pied (Corvus albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and Hooded crows (C. cornix); Rook (C. frugilegus)[67][68][69][70][71][72] | Date uncertain | Europe, Africa, Australia, North America | pest control, pets, research | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) | Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) | Date uncertain | South Africa, Ethiopia | show, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) | Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[73] | Date uncertain | India | fishing | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamers (C. chavaria) | Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamers (C. chavaria) | Date uncertain | South America | guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 2a Anseriformes | | Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta) | Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[74] | Date uncertain | South America | guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 2a Anseriformes | | Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) | Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) | Date uncertain | South America | guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) | Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) | Date uncertain | South America | guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) | Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) | Date uncertain | Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia | falconry, show, intercepting, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) | Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[75] | Date uncertain | North America | falconry, show, intercepting, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) | Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)[76] | Date uncertain | United States | falconry, show, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) | Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)[77] | Date uncertain | Europe, Asia, North America | falconry, show, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) | Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[78] | Date uncertain | Europe | show, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Tawny owl (Strix aluco) | Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[79] | Date uncertain | Europe, United Kingdom | pest control, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) | Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) | Date uncertain | Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas | meat, eggs, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) | Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) | Date uncertain | Peru | meat, eggs, pest control | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Wild boar (Sus scrofa) | Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[80][81] | date uncertain | Europe, United Kingdom | meat, tusks, hides, leather, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) | Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) | 2000s | Tasmania | lawn mowing, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus) | Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus)[82][83][84][85] | Date uncertain | Australia | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) | Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[86] | Date uncertain | Bangladesh | fishing, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Beech marten (Martes foina), Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) | Beech marten (Martes foina),[87][88] Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) | Date uncertain | Europe, Russia, India | fur, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Fisher (Pekania pennanti) | Fisher (Pekania pennanti) | Date uncertain | North America | fur, research, pest control, education, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) | Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)[89] | Date uncertain | Russia | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grisons (G. cuja) | Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grisons (G. cuja) | Date uncertain | South America | pest control, hunting, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) | Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) | Date uncertain | Argentina, Chile | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Raccoon (Procyon lotor) | Raccoon (Procyon lotor)[90] | Date uncertain | North America | pest control, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | South American (Nasua nasua) and White-nosed coatis (N. narica) | South American (Nasua nasua)[91] and White-nosed coatis (N. narica) | Date uncertain | South America, Costa Rica | pest control, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus), Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti) | Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus), Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[92] | Date uncertain | North America, Central America | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamanduas (T. mexicana) | Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[93][94] | Date uncertain | South America, Central America | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) | Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) | Date uncertain | Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador | meat, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) | Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)[95] | Date uncertain | Ghana, Nigeria | meat, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) | Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura)[96] | Date uncertain | Vietnam, China | meat, quills, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) | Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) | Date uncertain | China | meat, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius) | Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[97] | Date uncertain | China, Laos | meat, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) | Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) | Date uncertain | Cuba | meat, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) | Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) | Date uncertain | Eurasian Steppe | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) | Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) | 20th century | Northern Fennoscandia | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Pale and lesser gerbils (Gerbillus perpallidus, G. gerbillus) | Pale and lesser gerbils (Gerbillus perpallidus, G. gerbillus) | Date uncertain | Egypt | pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) | Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[98] | Date uncertain | Russia | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) | Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[99] | Date uncertain | Europe | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1d Rodentia | | Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguanas (C. pectinata) | Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguanas (C. pectinata) | Date uncertain | Mexico, Central America | pets | Captive bred | 3b Lacertilia | | Chinese cobra (Naja atra) | Chinese cobra (Naja atra) | Date uncertain | China | venom, skins, pets | Captive bred | 3a Serpentes | | Crimson, Eastern, Western, Green, Pale-headed and Northern rosellas (Platycercus elegans, P. eximius, P. icterotis, P. caledonicus, P. adscitus and P. venustus) | Crimson, Eastern, Western, Green, Pale-headed and Northern rosellas (Platycercus elegans, P. eximius, P. icterotis, P. caledonicus, P. adscitus and P. venustus) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets | Semidomesticated | 2e Psittaciformes | | Red-eared, yellow-bellied, and Cumberland sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, and T. s. troostii) | Red-eared, yellow-bellied, and Cumberland sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, and T. s. troostii) | Date uncertain | United States, especially the southeastern United States | pets, meat | Easy to domesticate | Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild | 3c Other reptiles | | Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) | Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[100] | Date uncertain | China | pets, meat | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica) | Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica)[101] | Date uncertain | China | pets, meat | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) | Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[102] | Date uncertain | Florida | pets, meat | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) | Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) | Date uncertain | China | pets, meat | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) | Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) | Date uncertain | China | pets, meat | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii) | Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[103] | Date uncertain | China | meat, medicine, pets | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) | Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[104] | Date uncertain | Brazil | meat, pets | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris) | Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris) [105][106][107][108][109][110] | Date uncertain | Africa, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Florida, India, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Papua New Guinea | meat, hides, teeth, pets, guarding, tourism, show | Captive bred | 3c Other reptiles | | Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton) | Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton) | Date uncertain | New Guinea and northern Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Star finch (Neochmia ruficauda) | Star finch (Neochmia ruficauda) | Date uncertain | Australia | pets, show | Held/tame in captivity | 2d Passeriformes | | Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) | Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) | Date uncertain | Hungary, United Kingdom | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) | Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) | Date uncertain | France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) | Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) | Date uncertain | China, India | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) | Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) | Date uncertain | Nepal | meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi) | Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi) | Date uncertain | Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam | meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Gambel's (C. gambelii), and California quails (C. californica) | Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Gambel's (C. gambelii), and California quails (C. californica) | Date uncertain | Mexico, Utah, California | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) | Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) | Date uncertain | California | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) | Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) | Date uncertain | Mexico | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) | Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) | Date uncertain | Ethiopia | meat, pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica), and Stubble quails (C. pectoralis) | Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica), and Stubble quails (C. pectoralis) | Date uncertain | Africa, India, Australia | meat, feathers, eggs, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 2b Galliformes | | Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) | Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[111] | Date uncertain | Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore | nests | Held/tame in captivity | 2f Other birds | | Tarantula (Brachypelma spp. et al.) | Mexican redknee tarantula (Brachypelma smithi) and others | Date uncertain | Mexico | pets, research | Captive bred | Common in captivity, getting rare in the wild. | 6c Other arthropods | | Crested gecko (Rhacodactylus ciliatus) | Crested gecko (Rhacodactylus ciliatus) | Date uncertain | New Caledonia | pets | Captive bred | Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in wild | 3b Lacertilia | | Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) | Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[112] | Date uncertain | Florida | meat | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Sable (Hippotragus niger) and Roan antelopes (H. equinus) | Sable (Hippotragus niger),[113] and Roan antelopes (H. equinus)[114] | Date uncertain | South Africa | meat, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), Nyala (T. angasii), Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) | Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[115] Nyala (T. angasii),[116] Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) | Date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Blue (Connochaetes taurinus) and Black wildebeests (C. gnou) | Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[117] and Black wildebeests (C. gnou)[118] | Date uncertain | South Africa, Kenya | meat, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) | Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[119] | Date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) | Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) | Date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, hides, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) | Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) | date uncertain | Southeast Asia | pets, research | Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 2d Passeriformes | | Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) | Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) | Date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, hides, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) | Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) | Date uncertain | India, Pakistan | meat, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) | Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[120] | Date uncertain | South Africa | meat, hides, horns, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) | Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[121] | Date uncertain | North Africa | meat, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) | European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon)[122] | Date uncertain | Europe | meat, wool, hides, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) | African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[123] | Date uncertain | South Africa | meat, leather, horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) | Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)[124] | Date uncertain | North America | meat | Held/tame in captivity | 1b Bovidae | | Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) | Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[125] | Date uncertain | Brazil | meat, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | South African giraffe (Giraffa giraffa giraffa) | South African giraffe (Giraffa giraffa giraffa) | Date uncertain | South Africa | tourism, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris) | Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[126] | Date uncertain | China | meat, antlers | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and Mule deer (O. hemionus) | White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[127] and Mule deer (O. hemionus) | Date uncertain | Virginia, West Virginia, Colombia, Florida, Montana | meat, antlers, hides, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Chital (Axis axis) | Chital (Axis axis) | Date uncertain | India | meat, hides, antlers, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) | Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) | Date uncertain | China | meat, tusks | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus) | Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[128][129][130] | Date uncertain | China, India | meat, tusks, musk, hides | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[131] | Date uncertain | Peru | fibre, pets, guarding | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) | Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[132] | Date uncertain | Peru | fibre, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae | | African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), African forest elephant (L. cyclotis) | African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana),[133][134] African forest elephant (L. cyclotis)[135] | Date uncertain | South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Congo Basin, Kenya | mount, tourism, mine detection, patrol, work | Semidomesticated (Captured from wild and tamed) | 1e Other mammals | | Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) | Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[136] | Date uncertain | South Africa | horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) | Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[137] | Date uncertain | South Africa | horns | Held/tame in captivity | 1e Other mammals | | Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus) | Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[138][139] | Date uncertain | India | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) including subspecies Siberian lynx (L. lynx wrangeli) and Carpathian lynx (L. lynx carpathicus) | Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and appropriate subspecies[140][141] | Date uncertain | Europe, Russia | pest control, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) | Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[142][143][144][145] | Date uncertain | South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria | hunting, guarding, waste management, show, tourism, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) | Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) | Date uncertain | China, Japan | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnvora | | Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda), Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit foxes (V. macrotis) | Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda),[146] Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit foxes (V. macrotis)[147] | Date uncertain | Europe, North America, North Africa, Central Asia, Sudan | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Island (Urocyon littoralis) and Gray foxes (U. cinereoargenteus) | Island (Urocyon littoralis)[148] and Gray foxes (U. cinereoargenteus) | Date uncertain | Channel Islands, Eastern United States | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) | Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) | Date uncertain | Africa | pest control, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) | Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[149] | Date uncertain | South America | pest control, pets | Easy to domesticate | 1c Carnivora | | Dingo (Canis lupus dingo), New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis) | Dingo (Canis lupus dingo),[150] New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis)[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] | Date uncertain | Australia, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Middle East, Canada | guarding, pest control, warmth, hunting, tourism, education, research, show, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) | Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)[159] | Date uncertain | South Africa | pest control, show, pets, research | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) | Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) | Date uncertain | West Africa | pets, pest control | Captive bred | 1c Carnivora | | Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii), Javan mongoose (H. javanicus) | Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii),[160] Javan mongoose (H. javanicus)[161] | Date uncertain | India, Southeast Asia | pest control, pets | Held/tame in captivity | 1c Carnivora | | Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) | Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) | Date uncertain | Thailand, Indonesia | meat, pets | Domesticated | 5b Other fish | | Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) | Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)[162][163] | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia | meat, weed control, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri and P. piraya) | Red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) and San Francisco piranha (P. piraya) | Date uncertain | South America | meat, pets, research, teeth | Semidomesticated | Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild | 5b Other fish | | Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin, (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus), and Yellowfin tunas (T. albacares) | Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus), and Yellowfin tunas (T. albacares)[164][165] | Date uncertain | North America, Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii | meat, eggs | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and Starry sturgeon (A. stellatus) | White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and Starry sturgeon (A. stellatus)[166][167][168] | Date uncertain | Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania Aegean Sea | meat, eggs | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (Epinephelus tauvina), Areolate (Epinephelus areolatus), Dusky (Epinephelus marginatus) and Orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides) | Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (Epinephelus tauvina), Areolate (Epinephelus areolatus) Dusky (Epinephelus marginatus) and Orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[169][170][171] | Date uncertain | Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Masu salmon (O. masou), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) | Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Masu salmon (O. masou), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) | Date uncertain | Europe, North America, Asia | meat, eggs | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Brown trout (S. trutta) | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Brown trout (S. trutta) | Date uncertain | Europe, United Kingdom, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania, Alaska | meat, eggs | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) | Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)[172] | Date uncertain | United Kingdom, Poland, United States, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Australia | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) | Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) | Date uncertain | United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | Date uncertain | Europe | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Milkfish (Chanos chanos) | Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[173] | Date uncertain | Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Northern pike (Esox lucius) | Northern pike (Esox lucius)[174] | Date uncertain | Europe | meat, pets, research, eggs | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus) | Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus)[175][176][177] | Date uncertain | North America, Cuba, Costa Rica | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5 Other fish | | Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) | Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) | Date uncertain | China | meat, weed control | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | Date uncertain | China | meat, pest control, medicine | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) | Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) | Date uncertain | China | meat | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis) | Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[178] | Date uncertain | Vietnam | meat | Held/tame in captivity | 5a Cyprinidae | | Arapaima (Arapaima gigas) | Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[179][180] | Date uncertain | Amazon Basin | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) | Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[181] | Date uncertain | Europe | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas) | Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[182] | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) | Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[183] | Date uncertain | California, Colorado | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis) | Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis)[184] | Date uncertain | India | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) | Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) | Date uncertain | Caribbean Sea | meat, tourism | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) | Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[185] | Date uncertain | Gulf of Mexico | meat, research | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), and Yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); Almaco jack (S. rivoliana) | Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), and Yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); Almaco jack (S. rivoliana)[186][187] | Date uncertain | Japan, Mediterranean Sea, Chile, Hawaii | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus) | Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus)[188] | 1980s | United States, Japan, China, Korea | meat | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | European eel (Anguilla anguilla), American eel (A. rostrata), Short-finned eel (A. australis), New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and Japanese eel (A. japonica) | European (Anguilla anguilla), American (A. rostrata), Short-finned (A. australis), New Zealand longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and Japanese eels (A. japonica)[189][190][191][192] | Date uncertain | Europe, North America, Asia, New Zealand, Australia | meat, pets | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) | Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) | Date uncertain | Australia | honey, pollination | Held/tame in captivity | 6a Hymenoptera | | Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) | Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) | Date uncertain | Central and South America | animal feed, pets | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Mealworm and Superworm (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio) | Larvae of darkling beetles (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio) | Date uncertain | Europe | animal feed, meat, research | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) | Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) | Date uncertain | United States | research | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) | Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[193] | Date uncertain | United States | meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Waxworm (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) | Larvae of lesser and greater wax moths (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) | Date uncertain | Europe ? | animal feed, bait, research, meat | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina) | Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[194] | Date uncertain | Southern Africa | meat, silk | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) | American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[195] | Date uncertain | North America | meat, pets, medicine | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata) | Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[196][197][198][199] | Date uncertain | Hawaii | research | Captive bred | 6b Other insects | | Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) | Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[200] | Date uncertain | China | meat, medicine, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) | Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[201] | Date uncertain | Japan, Korea | meat, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus) | Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus)[202][203][204][205][206][207] | Date uncertain | Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, Caribbean Sea | meat, ink, pets, research | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao) | Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[208] | Date uncertain | South Korea | meat, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) | Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)[209][210] | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Japan | meat, research, ink | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) | Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) | Date uncertain | Europe | meat, shells | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) | Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) | Date uncertain | Europe | meat, shells, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | African giant snail (Achatina achatina) | African giant snail (Achatina achatina)[211] | Date uncertain | Ghana | meat, shells, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Giant East African snail (Lissachatina fulica) | Giant East African snail (Lissachatina fulica)[212] | Date uncertain | East Africa | meat, shells, pets | Captive bred | 7 Other animals | | Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri) | Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri)[213][214] | Date uncertain | United States, South Korea, Japan | meat, slime, skins | Captive bred | 5b Other fish | | Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) | Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[215] | Date uncertain | Asia | meat, blood, eggs, pets | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) | Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) | Date uncertain | North America | meat, blood, research, pets | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) | Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) | Date uncertain | Japan, China, India | meat, blood, pets | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Mud crab (Scylla serrata) | Mud crab (Scylla serrata) | Date uncertain | Asia | meat, pets | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Red (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Blue king crabs (P. platypus) | Red (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Blue king crabs (P. platypus)[216][217] | Date uncertain | Japan, Russia, Alaska | meat | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus) | Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus)[218][219] | Date uncertain | Australia | meat | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | Spanner crab (Ranina ranina) | Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[220] | Date uncertain | Australia | meat | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus) | European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[221][222][223] | Date uncertain | Europe, United States | meat | Captive bred | 6c Other arthropods | | American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) | American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) | Date uncertain | North America | meat, pets | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frogs (P. ridibundus) | Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[224] | Date uncertain | Europe | meat | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) | Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) | Date uncertain | China | meat | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) | Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) | Date uncertain | Java | meat | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) | Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) | Date uncertain | China, Thailand | meat, pets | Captive bred | 4a Anura | | Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) | Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) | Date uncertain | China | meat | Captive bred | 4a Anura |
Taxonomical groupings The categories used in Taxon group column are: - 1a: Artiodactyla except Bovidae, 1b: Bovidae, 1c: Carnivora, 1d: Rodentia, 1e: Other mammals
- 2a: Anseriformes, 2b: Galliformes, 2c: Columbiformes, 2d: Passeriformes, 2e: Psittaciformes, 2f: Other birds
- 3a: Serpentes, 3b: Lacertilia, 3c: Other reptiles
- 4a: Anura, 4b: Other amphibians
- 5a: Cyprinidae, 5b: Other fish
- 6a: Hymenoptera, 6b: Other insects, 6c: Other arthropods
See also - List of domesticated plants
- List of domesticated fungi and microorganisms
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{{Animal domestication}} 4 : Domesticated animals|Lists of domesticated animals|Lists of superlatives|Origins |