The Himalaya, which runs across India's northern tier, is the boundary between two of the Earth's great ecozones — the Palearctic, which covers most of temperate-to-arctic Eurasia, and Indomalaya, which covers most of the Indian subcontinent and extends into Indochina, Sundaland (Malaysia and western Indonesia) and the Philippines.
Ecoregion | State or union territory | Biome | Ecozone |
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Andaman Islands rain forests | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | Arunachal Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | Assam | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | Meghalaya | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | Nagaland | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Andhra Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Chhattisgarh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Jharkhand | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Odisha | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Telangana | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | Bihar | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | Sikkim | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Assam | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Bihar | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Jharkhand | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Odisha | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Tripura | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Malabar Coast moist forests | Goa | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Malabar Coast moist forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Malabar Coast moist forests | Kerala | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Malabar Coast moist forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Malabar Coast moist forests | Tamil Nadu | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests | Lakshadweep | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Meghalaya subtropical forests | Assam | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Meghalaya subtropical forests | Meghalaya | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Meghalaya subtropical forests | Nagaland | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Assam | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Manipur | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Mizoram | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Nagaland | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Tripura | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Nicobar Islands rain forests | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Daman and Diu | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Goa | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Gujarat | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats montane rain forests | Goa | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats montane rain forests | Gujarat | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats montane rain forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
North Western Ghats montane rain forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Odisha semi-evergreen forests | Andhra Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Odisha semi-evergreen forests | Odisha | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Kerala | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Tamil Nadu | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats montane rain forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats montane rain forests | Kerala | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Western Ghats montane rain forests | Tamil Nadu | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Bihar | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Delhi | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Haryana | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Himachal Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Rajasthan | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Uttarakhand | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Andhra Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Chhattisgarh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Telangana | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Bihar | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Chhattisgarh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Jharkhand | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Odisha | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
East Deccan dry-evergreen forests | Andhra Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
East Deccan dry-evergreen forests | Puducherry | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
East Deccan dry-evergreen forests | Tamil Nadu | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Daman and Diu | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Gujarat | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Haryana | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Rajasthan | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Chhattisgarh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Gujarat | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Madhya Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Maharashtra | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Northern dry deciduous forests | Chhattisgarh | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Northern dry deciduous forests | Odisha | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Karnataka | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Tamil Nadu | Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Himachal Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Jammu and Kashmir | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Sikkim | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Uttarakhand | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Himalayan subtropical pine forests | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests | Manipur | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests | Nagaland | Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Arunachal Pradesh | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Assam | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Nagaland | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Sikkim | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | West Bengal | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | Himachal Pradesh | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | Jammu and Kashmir | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | Punjab | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | Uttarakhand | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Arunachal Pradesh | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Sikkim | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | West Bengal | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Himachal Pradesh | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Jammu and Kashmir | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Uttarakhand | Temperate coniferous forests | Indomalayan |
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Assam | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Indomalayan |
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Bihar | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Indomalayan |
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Uttar Pradesh | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Indomalayan |
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Uttarakhand | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Indomalayan |
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | West Bengal | Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Indomalayan |
Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh | Gujarat | Flooded grasslands and savannas | Indomalayan |
Deccan thorn scrub forests | Andhra Pradesh | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Deccan thorn scrub forests | Karnataka | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Deccan thorn scrub forests | Madhya Pradesh | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Deccan thorn scrub forests | Maharashtra | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Deccan thorn scrub forests | Tamil Nadu | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Chandigarh | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Delhi | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Gujarat | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Haryana | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Himachal Pradesh | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Jammu and Kashmir | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Punjab | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Rajasthan | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Thar desert | Gujarat | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Thar desert | Haryana | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Thar desert | Rajasthan | Deserts and xeric shrublands | Indomalayan |
Godavari-Krishna mangroves | Andhra Pradesh | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Godavari-Krishna mangroves | Odisha | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Godavari-Krishna mangroves | Tamil Nadu | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves | Daman and Diu | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves | Gujarat | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves | Maharashtra | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Sundarbans mangroves | West Bengal | Mangrove | Indomalayan |
Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Arunachal Pradesh | Temperate coniferous forests | Palearctic |
Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe | Jammu and Kashmir | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Arunachal Pradesh | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Sikkim | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe | Jammu and Kashmir | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Himachal Pradesh | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Jammu and Kashmir | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Himachal Pradesh | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | Uttarakhand | Montane grasslands and shrublands | Palearctic |