| 词条 | Myzozoa |
| 释义 |
| name = Myzozoa | domain = Eukaryota | unranked_regnum = SAR | unranked_superphylum = Alveolata | superphylum = Myzozoa | subdivision_ranks = phyla | subdivision =
}}Myzozoa[1] is a grouping of specific phyla within Alveolata,[2][3] that either feed through myzocytosis, or were ancestrally capable of feeding through myzocytosis.[1] A large number of protozoan orders group within Myzozoa.[1][4] It is sometimes described as a phylum, containing the major subphyla Dinozoa and Apicomplexa, plus minor subphyla.[5] The term Myzozoa superseded the previous term "Miozoa", by the same authority, and gave a slightly altered meaning.[6] PhylaWithin Myzozoa, there are around four phyla:
The term/group Myzozoa was not considered in a recent resolution of protist groups by Adl et al. 2012.[7] Strict taxonomy only considers common traits possessed by all organisms of the group. Some organisms within each of the component groups of Myzozoa have lost the ability for Myzocytosis. Further, as taxonomy pays no account of molecular phylogeny, one current classification has all alveolate taxa other than apicomplexans, ciliates and dinoflagellates, named under the grab bag term "Protalveolata".[7] The difficulty of placing very early dinozoans either within or outside the group "dinoflagellates" continues to favour classifications such as Protalveolata,[7] as does the potential polyphyly between the two genera of "colpodellids" Voromonas and Colpodella.[6] EvolutionThe most closely related large clade to the myzozoans are the ciliates.[1] Both of these groups of organisms — unlike the majority of eukaryotes studied to date — seem to have a linear mitochondrial genome. Most other eukaryotes that have had their mitochondrial genomes examined have circular genomes. However, the taxonomic term Myzozoa specifically excludes ciliates[1] which are rather under the higher taxonomic rank Alveolata. Thus, Alveoata includes two large groups: Myzozoa and Ciliophora [8] plus the smaller groups discussed above. The branching order within both Myzozoa and Protalveolata, is only partly understood. Three groups - the Colpodellids, Chromerida and the Apicomplexa - appear to be sister clades.[9] Three other groups - the Perkinsids, Syndiniales and Oxyrrhis are distantly related to the dinoflagellates.[10][11] NotesPerkinsus marinus and the Apicomplexa both have histones while the dinoflagellates appear to have lost theirs.[12]Chromerida are ancestrally myzocytotic, on the basis of evidence for myzocytosis by the chromerid Vitrella brassicaformis.[13]References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal | url=https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-5d35e684-a832-3187-bc57-5f3d2ba06a04 | doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2004.01.002| title=Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. Nov.)| journal=European Journal of Protistology| volume=40| issue=3| pages=185–212| year=2004| last1=Cavalier-Smith| first1=T.| last2=Chao| first2=E.E.}} {{Eukaryota classification}}{{Alveolata}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1096964}}2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Leander BS, Hoppenrath M |title=Ultrastructure of a novel tube-forming, intracellular parasite of dinoflagellates: Parvilucifera prorocentri sp. nov. (Alveolata, Myzozoa) |journal=Eur. J. Protistol. |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=55–70 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17936600 |doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2007.08.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0932-4739(07)00050-8}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Alveolates/2379 |title=Alveolates |website= |accessdate=2009-06-14}} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Valster RM, Wullings BA, Bakker G, Smidt H, van der Kooij D |title=Free-living protozoa in two unchlorinated drinking water supplies identified by phylogenic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences |journal=Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |volume= 75|issue= 14|pages= 4736–46|date=May 2009 |pmid=19465529 |doi=10.1128/AEM.02629-08 |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19465529 |pmc=2708415}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author=Cavalier-Smith T |title=Only six kingdoms of life |journal=Proc. Biol. Sci. |volume=271 |issue=1545 |pages=1251–62 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15306349 |pmc=1691724 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2004.2705 |url=http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15306349}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE |title=Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.) |journal=Eur J Protistol |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=185–212 |date=September 2004 |doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2004.01.002 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473904000240}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite journal | pmc = 3483872 | pmid=23020233 | doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x | volume=59 | issue=5 | title=The revised classification of eukaryotes | year=2012 | journal=J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. | pages=429–93 |vauthors=Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, Brown MW, Burki F, Dunthorn M, Hampl V, Heiss A, Hoppenrath M, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, McManus H, Mitchell EA, Mozley-Stanridge SE, Parfrey LW, Pawlowski J, Rueckert S, Shadwick RS, Shadwick L, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Spiegel FW }} 8. ^{{Cite web | url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Protalveolata | title=Protalveolata - Wikispecies}} 9. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore RB, Oborník M, Janouskovec J, etal |title=A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites |journal=Nature |volume=451 |issue=7181 |pages=959–63 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18288187 |doi=10.1038/nature06635 }} 10. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02328-0| pmid=12656195|title = Multiple protein phylogenies show that Oxyrrhis marina and Perkinsus marinus are early branches of the dinoflagellate lineage| journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology| volume=53| issue=Pt 1| pages=355–365|year = 2003|last1 = Saldarriaga|first1 = J. F.| last2=McEwan| first2=M. L.| last3=Fast| first3=N. M.| last4=Taylor| first4=F. J.| last5=Keeling| first5=P. J.}} 11. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Leander BS, Kuvardina ON, Aleshin VV, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ |title=Molecular phylogeny and surface morphology of Colpodella edax (Alveolata): insights into the phagotrophic ancestry of apicomplexans |journal=J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=334–40 |year=2003 |pmid=14563171 |doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00145.x }} 12. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Gornik SG, Ford KL, Mulhern TD, Bacic A, McFadden GI, Waller RF |title=Loss of nucleosomal DNA condensation coincides with appearance of a novel nuclear protein in dinoflagellates |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=22 |issue=24 |pages=2303–12 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23159597 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.036 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960-9822(12)01257-2}} 13. ^{{Cite web | url=http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/1914 | title=Molecular ecology and phylogeny of protistan algal symbionts from corals| year=2006}} 1 : Alveolate taxonomy |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。