This table deals with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.
| Country | Body | System | Seats per District | Total seats | Threshold |
|---|
| Afghanistan | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of the People | SNTV | 2-33 | 249 |
| Albania | President | Elected by the Assembly |
|---|
| Assembly | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[1] | 3-34 | 140[2] | 3% (parties) or 5% (coalitions) of votes in respective district [1] |
| Algeria | President | Two-round system[3] |
|---|
| People's National Assembly | Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota)[3][4] | 5-37, 2 (districts representing people abroad) [5] | 462 [4] | 5% of votes in respective district.[4] |
| Andorra | General Council | Parallel: Nationwide party lists / Constituency lists | 14 / 2 | 28 |
|---|
| Angola | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 5 per province, 130 across country, + 3 representatives from abroad | 233 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 17 |
|---|
| Argentina | President | Modified Two-round system
(winner in 1st round with 45% of votes; or with 40% and a 10% lead over the second) |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 5-70 (Renewed by halves) | 257 | 3% |
| Senate | 2 seats to most voted party or coalition, 1 seat to second most voted party or coalition (limited vote with closed lists) | 3 | 72 |
| Armenia | President | since 2018 is elected by members of parliament |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-tier Party list PR: Largest remainder. Nationwide Closed list and an Open list in each of 13 election districts. Party lists run-off FPTP to ensure stable majority of 54% if it is not achieved either immediately or through building a coalition.[6][7] | at least 101 | 5% (parties), 7% (blocs) |
| Aruba | Estates | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[8] | 21[9] | 21 | 4,76% (One quota) |
|---|
| Australia | Senate | STV | 6 (12 per state, renewed by halves), 2 per territory [10] | 76 |
|---|
| House of Representatives | IRV | 1 | 150 |
| Austria | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Nationalrat | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) at district and regional levels, D'Hondt method for remaining votes at national level | 183 | 4% |
| Azerbaijan | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 125 |
| Bahamas | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 40 |
|---|
| Bahrain | Council of Representatives | Two-round system | 40 |
|---|
| Bangladesh | Jatiyo Sangshad | FPTP | 1 | 300 + 30 seats reserved for women |
|---|
| Barbados | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 30 |
|---|
| Belarus | President | Two-round system[11][12][13] |
|---|
| House of Representatives | Two-round system[14][12][13] | 1 | 110 |
| Belgium | Chamber of Representatives | Party list PR: flexible lists: D'Hondt method | 3–22 | 150 | 5% |
|---|
| Belize | National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 29 |
|---|
| Benin | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: Largest remainder (24 districts) | 2-5 (average 35) | 83 |
| Bermuda | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 36 |
|---|
| Bhutan | National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 47 |
|---|
| National Council | FPTP (20 seats) | 1 | 130 + 20 appointed |
| Bolivia | President | Modified Two-round system
(winner with 50% of votes or 40% and a 10% lead over the second)[15] |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | MMP:
FPTP (70 seats) /
Party-list proportional representation: Closed lists: D'Hondt method (60 seats)[16] | 1 / 5-29 [17] | 130 | 3% |
| Senate | Party list PR: D'Hondt method[16] | 4 | 36 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina | FPTP | 1 | 3 (one each of the three major ethnic groups) |
|---|
| House of Representatives | Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method | 14, 28 | 42 |
| Botswana | National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 57 + 4 co-opted + 2 ex officio |
|---|
| Brazil | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method | 8–70 | 513 | 1 Hare quota |
| Senate | Bloc voting for dual-member elections, FPTP otherwise | 1 or 2 (alternates each election) | 81 |
| Bulgaria | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[18] | 4–14[18] | 240 | 4% |
| Burkina Faso | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly of Burkina Faso | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 2-16 | 127 |
| Burma (Myanmar) | People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw) | FPTP | 1 | 440 (25% appointed by military) |
|---|
| National Assembly (Amyotha Hluttaw) | FPTP | 1 | 224 (25% appointed by military) |
| Burundi | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 4–11 | 100 + 18–21 co-opted | 2% |
| Cambodia | National Assembly | coexstence: Party list PR: D'Hondt method / FPTP | 1-18 | 123 |
|---|
| Cameroon | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | coexistence: FPTP in single-member constituencies; in multi-member constituencies: party with over 50% of vote gets all seats, otherwise highest party gets half, rest distributed by Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 1–7 | 180 | 5% |
| Canada | House of Commons | FPTP | 1 | 338 |
|---|
| Cape Verde | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 2-15 | 72 |
| Cayman Islands | Legislative Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 18 + 2 ex officio [19] |
|---|
| Central African Republic | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-round system | 1 | 105 |
| Chad | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | coexistence: FPTP / list-PR (largest remainder) (closed list) but if one list >50% it gets all the seats [20] | 188 |
| Chile | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[21][22] | 3-8 | 155 |
| Senate | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[21][22] | 2-5 | 50[21] |
| China | National People's Congress | Endorsement of candidate | 2987 |
|---|
| Colombia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Representatives | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 2–18 | 162 |
| Senate | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 100 + 2 (indigenous) | 102 |
| Comoros | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Assembly of the Union | Two-round system | 1 | 24 + 9 elected by lsemblies |
| Republic of the Congo | President | Two-round system[23] |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-round system | 153 |
| Costa Rica | President | Modified Two-round system (winner with 40% of votes) |
|---|
| Legislative Assembly | Party list PR: Largest remainder method | 4-20 | 57 |
| Croatia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Sabor | Party list PR: D'Hondt method, plus some reserved for minorities and Croatians living abroad | 14 | 153 | 5% |
| Cuba | National Assembly of People's Power | Endorsement of selected candidates | 1 | 609 |
|---|
| Cyprus | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of Representatives | Party list PR: Open lists: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 3–21 | 80 (56 for Greek-Cypriots; 24 for Turkish-Cypriots (currently vacant)) and 3 observers from religious minorities | 1.8% |
| Czech Republic | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method | 5–25 | 200 | 5% (party), 10/15/20% (coalition of 2/3/4+ parties), |
| Senate | Two-round system | 1 | 81 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | President | FPTP[24] |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: Largest remainder | 1-17 | 500 |
| Denmark | Folketinget | Party list PR: D'Hondt method (135 seats), Sainte-Laguë method (40 seats) | 179 | 2% |
|---|
| Djibouti | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | 3-35 | 65 |
| Dominica | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 21 + 9 appointed + Speaker + 1 ex officio |
|---|
| Dominican Republic | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 2–36 | 150 |
| Senate | FPTP | 1 | 32 |
| East Timor | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Parliament | Parallel: Largest remainder (75 seats) / FPTP (13 seats) | 75 / 1 | 88 |
| Ecuador | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Congress | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 2–18 | 100 |
| Egypt | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of Representatives | Parallel: ... (448 seats) / Party list PR (120 seats)[25] | 568 elected + 28 appointed |
| El Salvador | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Legislative Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 3–20 | 84 |
| Equatorial Guinea | President | FPTP[26] |
|---|
| Chamber of People's Representatives | Party list | 80 |
| Estonia | President | Elected by the parliament (Riigikogu) or by special electoral body |
|---|
| Riigikogu | Party list PR: D'Hondt method (12 districts) | 5-14 (average 8.4) | 101 | 5% |
| Ethiopia | House of People's Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 546 |
|---|
| Fiji | House of Representatives | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method [27] | 50 | 50 | 5% |
|---|
| Finland | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Eduskunta (and MEPs) | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method (12 districts + 1 seat Åland FPTP) | 7-35 (average 16.6) (+1 seat Åland) | 200 |
| France | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-round system | 1 | 577 |
| Senate | Elected indirectly by approximately 150,000 officials ("grands électeurs"), including regional councilors, department councilors, mayors, city councilors in large towns, and members of the National Assembly | 1 | 348 |
| Gabon | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-round system | 111 + 9 appointed |
| Gambia | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 48 + 5 appointed |
| Georgia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Parliament | Parallel: Party-list / FPTP | 150 | 5% |
| Germany | President | Federal Convention Half the member are the Bundestag, the other half is appointed by state legislatures |
|---|
| Bundesrat | appointed by the 16 State Governments respectively | 3-6 votes | 69 votes |
| Bundestag | MMP: Sainte-Laguë using regional fixed lists / FPTP | 299 (lists) / 1 (district) | 598 + overhang seats + levelling seats | 5% or 3 district seats |
| Ghana | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Parliament | FPTP | 1 | 230 |
| Greece | President | Elected by the parliament |
|---|
| Hellenic Parliament | SMPR: 250 seats proportionally divided via several allocations; 50 bonus seats to the first party (until 2019)
Party-list proportional representation: all 300 seats proportionally divided via several allocations (after the 2019 elections) | 1{{endash}}18 (5 on average) | 300 | 3% |
| Grenada | House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 15 |
|---|
| Guatemala | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Congress of the Republic | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 29 / 1 | 158 |
| Guinea | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: 76 Hare quota + 38 FPTP | 76 / 1 | 114 |
| Guinea-Bissau | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National People's Assembly | Party list (closed lists) (27 districts) | 3.7 (average) | 100 |
| Guyana | National Assembly | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 53 (+12 appointed by local councils) |
|---|
| Haiti | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Two-round system | 1 | 99 |
| Honduras | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Congress | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 1-23 | 128 |
| Hong Kong | Legislative Council | Parallel
District constituencies: Largest remainder (Hare quota)
Functional constituencies: FPTP, Bloc voting, IRV | 4–8 (District constituencies) / 1-3 (Functional constituencies) | 70 |
|---|
| Hungary | President | Elected by the National Assembly |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: 106 FPTP + 93 national list-PR | 199 | 5% (10% for coalitions) |
| Iceland | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Alþing | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 8-13 | 63 | 5% |
| India | House of the People | FPTP | 1 | 545 |
|---|
| Indonesia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| People's Representative Council | Party list PR: Open lists: Hare quota | 3-10 | 560 | 3.5% nationally |
| Regional Representatives Council | SNTV | 4 | 136 |
| Iran | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Majlis of Iran | Plurality votingTwo-round system (25% of votes in 1st round) | 1-30 | 290 |
| Assembly of Experts | Block voting | 1-16 | 88 |
| Iraq | Council of Representatives | Party list: open list: modified Sainte-Laguë method (18 districts = governorates) + 8 reserved for minorities | 7-69 (average 17.8) | 328 |
|---|
| Ireland | President | IRV |
|---|
| Dáil Éireann | STV | 3–5 | 158[28] |
| Seanad Éireann | Indirect election:
{{ndash}} 11 nominated by the Taoiseach
{{ndash}} 6 elected by the graduates of certain Irish universities:
3 by graduates of the University of Dublin
3 by graduates of the National University of Ireland
{{ndash}} 43 elected from five special panels of nominees (known as vocational panels) by an electorate consisting of TDs (member of Dáil Éireann), outgoing senators and members of city and county councils | 60 |
| Israel | President | Elected by the Knesset |
|---|
| Knesset | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 120 | 120 | 3.25%[29] |
| Italy | Chamber of Deputies | 386 Party list PR, largest remainder (Hare quota) + 232 FPTP + 12 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad | 2/8 | 630 | 3% |
|---|
| Senate | SMPR: 193 list-Largest remainder + 116 FPTP + 6 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad | 1/49 | 315 | 3% |
| Ivory Coast | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 225 |
| Jamaica | House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 60 |
|---|
| Japan | House of Representatives | Parallel: FPTP (295 seats)[30] / Party list PR (Closed list) D'Hondt method (180 seats) | 6-29 / 1 | 475 |
|---|
| House of Councillors | Parallel: SNTV (73 seats) / Party list PR (Open list) D'Hondt method (96 seats) | 1-5 / 48 (Per election) | 242 (Half of the seats are up each election.) |
| Jordan | Chamber of Deputies | Parallel: each voter has one vote for one candidate in one subdistrict of his choice in the district he lives in (like SNTV), one winner per subdistrict (like FPTP) (108 seats in 45 districts including 12 seats reserved for minorities) + 15 seats reserved for women (best losers) / Party list PR (closed lists) (27 seats) | 2.4 (average) / 27 | 150 |
|---|
| Kazakhstan | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Majilis | Party-list | 98 + 9 members elected by electoral college | 7% |
| Kenya | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly of Kenya | FPTP (210 seats) (+ 12 seats appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) | 1 | 210 elected + 12 appointed + 2 ex officio |
| Kiribati | President | FPTP |
|---|
| House of Assembly | Modified runoff | 40 + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio |
| Kuwait | National Assembly | Single non-transferable vote (1 vote for 10 seats) | 10 | 50 |
|---|
| Kyrgyzstan | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Legislative Assembly | Parallel: Closed-lists (15 seats) / Two-round system (45) | 60 |
| Assembly of People's Representatives | 45 |
| Laos | National Assembly | Bloc voting | 115 |
|---|
| Latvia | Saeima | Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method | 14–28 | 100 | 5% |
|---|
| Lebanon | Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR:Open lists:D'Hondt method | 5-13 | 128 |
|---|
| Lesotho | National Assembly | MMP Party list (40 seats) / FPTP (80 seats) | 120 |
|---|
| Liberia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 73 |
| Senate | FPTP | 2 per county, 1 per election | 30 |
| Liechtenstein | Diet | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 10, 15 | 25 | 8% |
|---|
| Lithuania | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Seimas | Parallel: Largest remainder (70 seats) / Two-round system (71 seats) | 70 / 1 | 141 | 5% (parties), 7% (coalitions) |
| Luxembourg | Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR:Open lists:D'Hondt method | 7-23 | 60 |
|---|
| Macau | Legislative Council | Party list / Functional constituencies / Appointed | 12 | 29 |
|---|
| Madagascar | President | Two-round system[31] |
|---|
| National Assembly | coexistence: FPTP (87 seats) / Party list PR (Closed list) Highest averages method (64 seats)[31][32] | 1 / 2 | 151 |
| Malawi | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 194 |
| Malaysia | Dewan Rakyat | FPTP | 1 | 222 |
|---|
| Maldives | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Majlis | FPTP | 1 | 77 |
| Mali | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Two-round system | 160 |
| Malta | House of Representatives | STV | 5 | 65 |
|---|
| Marshall Islands | Legislature | coexistence: FPTP (19 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) | 1 / 2-5 | 33 |
|---|
| Mauritania | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: 106 in 46 districts; in districts with 1-2 seats : Two-round system, in larger districts: List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) + twice 20 nationally (one set of 20 reserved for women): List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) | 146 |
| Mauritius | National Assembly | Bloc voting | 2–3 | 62 + 8 'best losers' appointed |
|---|
| Mexico | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) (200 seats) / FPTP (300 seats) | 40 / 1 | 500 |
| Senate | Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / winner takes 2, second takes 1 (limited vote with closed lists) | 32 / 3 | 128 |
| Federated States of Micronesia | Congress | FPTP | 1 | 14 |
|---|
| Moldova | President | Two-round system[33] |
|---|
| Parliament | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 101 | 101 | 4% |
| Monaco | National Council | Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting in single nationwide constituency (16 seats); D'Hondt method (8 seats)[34] | 24 | 5% (For proportional seats)[34] |
|---|
| Mongolia | President | Two-round system [35] |
|---|
| State Great Khural | Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting (48 seats, 1-3 per district) Candidates have to get at least 28% of the votes in a district to get elected. If there are unfilled seat, a runoff is held with twice the number of candidates as there are unfilled seats / Party list PR (Closed list) Largest remainder (28 seats)[36] | 1-3, 28 | 76 | 5% (For proportional seats) |
| Montenegro | Parliament | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 5, 76 | 81 | 3% |
|---|
| Montserrat | Legislative Council | 9 | 9 |
|---|
| Morocco | Assembly of Representatives | Parallel: Largest remainder (295 seats) / list of women (30 seats) | 325 |
|---|
| Mozambique | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Assembly of the Republic | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 250 | 250 | 5% |
| Namibia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: Hare quota + 6 appointed | 72 | 78 |
| Nauru | Parliament | Modified Borda Count (Dowdall system, First ranked candidate gets 1 point, second 1/2, third 1/3 and so on.)[37] | 2-4[37] | 19[38] |
|---|
| Nepal | Constituent Assembly | Parallel: Party list PR: Closed lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method / FPTP[39][40] | 1, 335 | 575 elected + 26 appointed |
|---|
| Netherlands | House of Representatives | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method | 150 | 150 | 0.67% |
|---|
| Senate | Elected by members of states-provincial using Party list PR | 75 | 75 |
| New Zealand | House of Representatives (Parliament) | MMP: Sainte-Laguë method (51+ seats) / FPTP (69 district seats which also includes 7 seats reserved for Maori) | 120 + overhang seats | 5% or 1 district seat |
|---|
| Nicaragua | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 1-20 | 92 |
| Niger | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list (105 seats) + 8 from FPTP | 113 |
| Nigeria | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 360 |
| Senate | FPTP | 1 | 109 |
| Niue | Assembly | parallel: FPTP (14 seats) / Bloc voting (6 seats) | 1 / 6 | 20 |
|---|
| North Korea | Supreme People's Assembly | Endorsement of candidate | 687 |
|---|
| North Macedonia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 20 | 120 |
| Norway | Storting | Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method [41] | 4–19 | 150 + 19 leveling seats | 4% for leveling seats |
|---|
| Pakistan | President | Electoral college Electors consist of National Assembly, Senate and provincial assemblies |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP (272 seats) (+ 70 members appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) | 1 | 272 elected + 70 appointed (60 women + 10 non-Muslim) |
| Palau | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| House of Delegates | FPTP | 1 | 16 |
| Senate | FPTP | 1 | 13 |
| Palestine | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Legislative Council | Parallel: Sainte-Laguë method (closed list; 66 seats) / Bloc voting or FPTP (66 seats) | 66 / 1–9 | 132 | 2% |
| Panama | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | coexistence: Single-member constituencies: FPTP; multi-member: Saripolo or Sartori method (Largest remainder, but remainders only for those with no seats) | 1–7 | 78 |
| Papua New Guinea | National Parliament | IRV | 1 | 109 |
|---|
| Paraguay | President | FPTP[42] |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 1-19 | 80 |
| Senate | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 45 | 45 |
| Peru | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Congress of the Republic | Party list PR: Largest remainder | 1-35 | 130 |
| Philippines | President | FPTP |
|---|
| House of Representatives | Parallel: Party list (closed lists; modified Hare quota with 3-seat cap and no remainders; 57 seats in 2010, 58 in 2013, 59 in 2016) / FPTP (229 districts in 2010, 232 in 2013, 238 in 2016) | 57 / 1 (2010), 58 / 1 (2013), 59 / 1 (2016) | 286 (2010), 292 (2013), 297 (2016) | 2%; parties with less than 2% of the vote may win seats if the list seats haven't been completely distributed. |
| Senate | Bloc voting | 12 / 1 | 24 |
| Poland | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Sejm | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 7–19 | 460 | 5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities) |
| Senate | FPTP | 1 | 100 |
| Portugal | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Assembly of the Republic | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 2–47 | 230 |
| Romania | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[43] | 4–29[44] + 1 seat for each national minority | 330 (out of which 18 seats for the national minorities, 4 for the Romanians living abroad)[44] | 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[45] |
| Senate | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[43] | 2–13[44] | 136 (out of which 2 seats for the Romanians living abroad)[44] | 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[45] |
| Russia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| State Duma | Parallel voting: Party list (225 seats) / FPTP (225 seats) [46][47] | 1, 225 | 450 | 5% |
| Rwanda | President | FPTP[48] |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: Largest remainder | 53 | 53 + 24 elected by provincial councils + 3 appointed | 5% |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 11 + 3 appointed + 1 ex officio |
|---|
| Saint Lucia | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 17 |
|---|
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | House of Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 15 + 6 appointed |
|---|
| Samoa | Fono | coexistence: FPTP (35 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) | 1 / 2 | 49 |
|---|
| San Marino | Grand and General Council | SMPR using a D'Hondt method with national majority bonus | 60 |
|---|
| São Tomé and Príncipe | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list: closed lists (7 districts) | 7.9 (average) | 55 |
|
| Senegal | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel voting: 60 by PR, 90 by majority | 150 |
| Serbia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 250 | 250 | 5% (0.4% for minorities) |
| Seychelles | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: Hare quota (9 seats) / FPTP (25 seats) | 9 / 1 | 34 |
| Sierra Leone | President | Two-round system[49] |
|---|
| Parliament | FPTP | 1 | 112 + 12 Paramount chiefs | 12.5% |
| Singapore | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Parliament | coexistence: Bloc voting (closed list) (76 seats) / FPTP (13 seats)[50] | 4, 5 or 6 / 1 | 89 elected[51] + 12 appointed (9 NMP + 3 NCMP) |
| Slovakia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Council of the Slovak Republic | Party list PR: flexible lists: Hagenbach-Bischoff | 150 | 150 | 5% / 7% (coalitions of 2-3 parties) / 10% (coalitions of at least 4 parties) |
| Slovenia | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method (88 seats) + 2 seats by Borda Count | 11/8 + 2 single-seat constituencies | 90 | 4% |
| Solomon Islands | National Parliament | FPTP | 1 | 50 |
|---|
| South Africa | National Assembly | Party list PR: Closed lists: Droop quota | 400 | 400 |
|---|
| South Korea | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: Party list (closed lists: modified Hare quota largest remainder method) (47 seats) / FPTP (253 seats) | 300 | PR: 5 FPTP seats / 3% |
| Spain | Congress of Deputies | Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method | 1–35 | 350 | 3% |
|---|
| Senate | Limited vote (3 votes for 4 seats) (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members) | 2–4 | 259 |
| Sri Lanka | President | Sri Lankan contingent vote |
|---|
| Parliament | Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) | 4-20 | 225 |
| Suriname | National Assembly of Suriname | Party list (10 districts) | 2-17 | 51 |
|---|
| Sweden | Riksdag | Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë | 2-38 | 349 | 4% (or 12% in a constituency) |
|---|
| Switzerland | National Council | Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method | 1–-34 | 200 |
|---|
| Council of States | Varies with canton (generally Two-round system) | 1–2 | 46 |
| Syria | President | Two-round system[52] |
|---|
| People's Council |
| Taiwan (Republic of China) | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Legislative Yuan | Parallel: FPTP (73 seats) / Party-list PR (Hare quota) (34 seats)
Aboriginal seats: SNTV (6 seats) | 1
Aboriginal constituencies: 3 | 113 | 5% |
| Tajikistan | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan | Parallel: Party list (22 seats) / Two-round system single-member constituencies (41 seats) | 63 |
| Tanzania | President | Two-round system[53] |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: Party list (113 seats) / FPTP (264 seats) + 5 Elected Indirectly by Zanzibar's Legislature + 5 Appointed by the President + 1 Ex-officio[54] | 113/1/5/6 | 324 |
| Thailand | House of Representatives | MMP: Party list (150 seats) / FPTP (350 seats) | 150/1 | 500 |
|---|
| Togo | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| National Assembly of Togo | Two-round system | 81 |
| Tonga | Legislative Assembly | Two-round system | 9 + 9 elected by nobles + 10 members of Privy Council + 2 governors |
|---|
| Trinidad and Tobago | House of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 41 |
|---|
| Tunisia | President | Two-round system[55][56] |
|---|
| Assembly of the Representatives of the People | Party-list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare Quota) [57][58] | 4-10 (Seats in Tunisia), 1-5 (Seats for Tunisians abroad) | 217 |
| Turkey | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Grand National Assembly | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 1-35 | 600 | 10% |
| Turkmenistan | President | FPTP |
|---|
| Assembly | Two-round system | 50 |
| Tuvalu | Parliament | coexistence: Bloc voting (14 seats) / FPTP (1 seat) | 2 / 1 | 15 |
|---|
| Uganda | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 214 + 78 from various groups |
| Ukraine | President | Two-round system if a candidate can not capture more than 50% of the vote in the first round.[59] |
|---|
| Verkhovna Rada | Parallel: Party list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) / FPTP[60] | 225 / 1 | 450 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | House of Commons | FPTP | 1 | 650 |
|---|
| United States | President | Electoral college Electors chosen using FPTP on a per state basis, except in the states of Maine and Nebraska, where two electors are chosen using FPTP on a statewide basis, and one elector is chosen from each Congressional district using FPTP on a per district basis. |
|---|
| House of Representatives | FPTP for all seats except: Two-round system in Georgia,[61] nonpartisan blanket primary in California, Louisiana[62] and Washington[63][64] and IRV in Maine.[65][66] In that election, Maine voters re-affirmed implementation of IRV by popular referendum while using IRV for the first time in primaries for the offices of governor, U.S. House, and state legislator.[86] | 1 | 435 + 6 non-voting members |
| Senate | FPTP for all seats except: Two-round system in Georgia[61] and nonpartisan blanket primary in California, Louisiana[62] and Washington[63][64] and IRV in Maine.[65][67] | 2 per state, 1 per election | 100 |
| Uruguay | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 2-42 | 99 |
| Chamber of Senators | Party list PR: D'Hondt method | 30 | 30 + vice-president |
| Uzbekistan | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Vanuatu | Parliament | SNTV | 52 |
|---|
| Venezuela | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | Parallel: Regional party list (closed list; D'Hondt method) (52 seats) / FPTP or bloc voting, and FPTP in districts reserved for indigenous peoples (113 seats) | 2 (20 states)-3 (4) / 1 (68 districts), 2 (15), and 3 (4); at least 1 district per state. The three indigenous' districts comprise some whole states | 165 |
| Vietnam | National Assembly | 498 |
|---|
| Yemen | President | Two-round system |
|---|
| Assembly of Representatives | FPTP | 1 | 301 |
| Zambia | President | FPTP |
|---|
| National Assembly | FPTP | 1 | 150 |
| Zimbabwe | President | Two-round system[68] |
|---|
| House of Assembly | [69][70]{{refn>group=note|The constitution specifies the extra 60 seats for women only for the two first parliaments. The first parliament elected with this constitution was in 2013[71]}} | 1, 6 (Women's lists) | 210 + 60 reserved for women |
| Senate | Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) (60 seats, 6 for each province, based on vote for national assembly). Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV,[72] 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs, 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.[69][70] | 6 (directly elected seats) | 60 directly elected + 20 |
1. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (English translation by OSCE)|page=140|url=http://www.osce.org/albania/14464?download=true|accessdate=22 September 2014|chapter=Part XII. Allocation of Seats|format=pdf}}
2. ^{{cite book|title==The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (English translation by OSCE)|page=62|url=http://www.osce.org/albania/14464?download=true|accessdate=22 September 2014|chapter=Part V. Electoral Zone and Number of Seats for Each Zone|format=pdf}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Code Electoral 2012|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DZ/algeria-electoral-code-of-12-january-2012/view|pages=14, 20|language=French|format=pdf}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=FINAL REPORT ON ALGERIA’S LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DZ/algeria-final-report-legislative-elections-ndi/at_download/file|website=ACE Project|publisher=National Democratic Institute|accessdate=10 January 2015|format=pdf|date=10 May 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Electoral system|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2003_B.htm|publisher=INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION|accessdate=10 January 2015}}
6. ^http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/293546?download=true
7. ^http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=109081
8. ^{{cite act|number=AB 1987 no. 110, AB 1994 no. 30, AB 1997 no. 34, AB 2001 no. 100 AB 2009 no. 83 of 18|title=LANDSVERORDENING, houdende regelen betreffende het kies- recht en de verkiezingen van de leden van de Staten van Aruba|date=18 September 2013|url=http://www.overheid.aw/document.php?m=7&fileid=5592&f=0e70b53fb1b57001d7427f55d58ffd90&attachment=0&c=6074|accessdate=26 April 2015|article=91-94|language=Dutch|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103337/http://www.overheid.aw/document.php?m=7&fileid=5592&f=0e70b53fb1b57001d7427f55d58ffd90&attachment=0&c=6074|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=}}
9. ^{{cite constitution|country=Aruba|article=III|section=2|ratified=1987|language=Dutch|url=http://arubaoverheid-preproductie.sim-otap.nl/document.php?m=25&fileid=13355&f=949954a6192f1bf159ce2a8d4c1aeafe&attachment=0&c=19072|accessdate=26 April 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923143320/http://arubaoverheid-preproductie.sim-otap.nl/document.php?m=25&fileid=13355&f=949954a6192f1bf159ce2a8d4c1aeafe&attachment=0&c=19072|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=FAQs - Parliament of Australia|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Help/FAQs#|accessdate=22 September 2014}}
11. ^For a round to be declared valid, the turnout must be at least 50% of voters in the electoral register.
12. ^1 {{cite act|title=Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus|number=No. 370-Z|url=http://www.justice.gov/eoir/vll/country/foreign_law/belarus/Electoral%20Code%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Belarus%20.pdf|website=United States Department of Justice|accessdate=26 April 2015|date=6 October 2006}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|title=BELARUS Palata Predstaviteley (House of Representatives), Electoral System|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2027_B.htm|publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union|accessdate=26 April 2015}}
14. ^For the first round of elections to be declared valid, at least 50% of voters in the electoral register must have voted. For the runoff round between the top two candidates, the requirement is 25%.
15. ^{{cite book |title=Nueva Constitución Política del Estado |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.bo/download/constitucion.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-02-12 |date= |page=40 |chapter=Segunda Parte, Título II, Capítulo Primero, Sección II |quote=Artículo 167: I. [...] Será proclamada a la Presidencia y a la Vicepresidencia la candidatura que haya reunido el cincuenta por ciento más uno de los votos válidos; o que haya obtenido un mínimo del cuarenta por ciento de los votos válidos, con una diferencia de al menos diez por ciento en relación con la segunda candidatura. II. En caso de que ninguna de las candidaturas cumpla estas condiciones se realizará una segunda vuelta electoral entre las dos candidaturas más votadas, en el plazo de sesenta días computables a partir de la votación anterior. Será proclamada [...] la candidatura que haya obtenido la mayoría de los votos. |language=es |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521023641/http://www.presidencia.gob.bo/download/constitucion.pdf |archivedate=2009-05-21 |df= }}
16. ^1 {{cite web|title=Bolivia: Ley del Régimen Electoral, 30 de junio de 2010|url=http://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N26.xhtml|website=Lexivox|accessdate=10 February 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Bolivia: Ley de distribución de escaños entre departamentos, 7 de octubre de 2013|url=http://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N421.xhtml|accessdate=10 February 2015}}
18. ^1 Determined for the 2005 parliamentary elections based on the 2001 census data. Independent candidates need to gather votes equal to the total number of votes cast in the constituency divided by the number of local seats. The remaining seats are distributed among parties by the D'Hondt method applied to the total number of votes for each. Party lists are one per constituency, the seats each party wins are further distributed among its local lists again by D'Hondt applied to local numbers of votes for the party, and a mechanism of shifting seats from one local Party list to another, to adjust the total seats for all parties for each constituency to the allocated local number of seats (minus the number of successful local independent candidates).
19. ^{{cite book|title=The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009|page=35|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/1379/pdfs/uksi_20091379_en.pdf|accessdate=12 September 2014|chapter=Part IV. The Legislature|quote="60.—(1) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of—(a) the Speaker; (b) eighteen elected members, who shall be persons qualified for election in accordance with this Constitution and elected in the manner provided for in a law enacted for the purposes of section 93; and (c) the Deputy Governor and the Attorney General, ex officio."|format=pdf}}
20. ^
21. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Senado - República de Chile - Fin al binominal: en ardua y extensa sesión despachan nueva composición del Congreso y sistema electoral proporcional|url=http://www.senado.cl/fin-al-binominal-en-ardua-y-extensa-sesion-despachan-nueva-composicion-del-congreso-y-sistema-electoral-proporcional/prontus_senado/2015-01-13/101536.html|publisher=Senate of Chile|accessdate=17 March 2015|date=14 January 2015}}
22. ^1 {{cite news|title=Electoral reform in Chile: Tie breaker | The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21643216-new-voting-system-should-liven-up-politics-tie-breaker|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=The Economist|date=14 February 2015}}
23. ^Constitution of the Republic of the Congo, Article 69, paragraph (1): "The President of the Republic shall be elected by an absolute majority of the votes cast. If this is not obtained in the first round of balloting, it shall be followed, the second following Sunday, by a second round. Only the two candidates having received the largest number of votes in the first round shall be presented."
24. ^Previously, a presidential candidate required an absolute majority of votes in order to be elected, but a 2011 constitutional amendment reduced this requirement to a simple majority. source {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406094437/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/drc5.htm |date=2013-04-06 }}
25. ^Egyptian parliamentary election, 2015
26. ^Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, Item 31: (Constitutional law No. 1/1995 of 17 January): "The President of the Republic shall be the Head of State; he shall be the symbol of national unity and shall represent the Nation. He shall be elected by a relative majority of the votes cast through direct, equal and secret universal suffrage. The law shall determine the conditions of the electoral process."
27. ^{{cite web|author=Fijan elections office|url=http://www.electionsfiji.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Electoral-Decree-2014.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2014|title=Electoral decree 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162747/http://www.electionsfiji.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Electoral-Decree-2014.pdf|archivedate=14 July 2014|df=}}
28. ^The Ceann Comhairle or Speaker of Dáil Éireann is returned automatically for whichever constituency s/he was elected if they wish to seek re-election, reducing the number of seats contested in that constituency by one. (In that case, should the Ceann Comhairle be from a three-seater, only two seats are contested in the general election from there.) As a result, if the Ceann Comhairle wishes to be in the next Dáil, only 165 seats are actually contested in a general election.
29. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.579289 | title=Israel raises electoral threshold to 3.25 percent | work=Haaretz | date=12 March 2014 | accessdate=8 January 2015 | author=Lis, Jonathan}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=総務省｜衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について|url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/news/senkyo/shu_kuwari/|accessdate=3 December 2014|language=Japanese}}
31. ^1 {{cite web|title=Legislative and Second Round of Presidential Elections in Madagascar|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/election_reports/madagascar-2013-final.pdf|publisher=Carter Center|accessdate=5 January 2015|pages=20–22|format=pdf|date=18 December 2013}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: MADAGASCAR (Antenimierampirenena), Electoral system|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2193_B.htm|publisher=INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION|accessdate=5 January 2015}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://jurnal.md/ro/justitie/2016/3/4/decis-seful-statului-va-fi-ales-de-popor-modificarea-din-2000-a-constitutiei-privind-alegerea-presedintelui-de-parlament-neconstitutionala/|title=DECIS: Şeful statului va fi ales de popor; Modificarea din 2000 a Constituţiei privind alegerea preşedintelui de Parlament, NECONSTITUŢIONALĂ|newspaper=Jurnal.md|date=4 March 2016|language=Romanian}}
34. ^1 Monaco, Inter-Parliamentary Union
35. ^{{cite news|title=Mongolian presidential election starts|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-06/26/c_132486954.htm|accessdate=3 December 2014|date=26 June 2013}}
36. ^{{cite book|title=LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA
PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA|url=http://www.gec.gov.mn/uploads/page/41ebe18c30810d33b063cad8fac38c1c.pdf|date=2012|accessdate=3 December 2014}}
37. ^1 {{cite book|title=REPUBLIC OF NAURU Electoral Act 1965|date=12 July 2012|url=http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d23958a4ee0c786bc2e24d904c8891f1.pdf|accessdate=22 February 2015|chapter=26A, 26B}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Who comprises Parliament? - The Government of the Republic of Nauru|url=http://www.naurugov.nr/parliament-of-nauru/about-parliament/who-comprises-parliament.aspx|accessdate=22 February 2015}}
39. ^{{cite news|last1=Lokhandwala|first1=Zainab|title=Nepal: The Long Road Ahead - Fair Observer|url=http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/nepal-long-road-ahead/|accessdate=8 February 2015|publisher=Fair Observer|date=5 January 2014}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Election to the Members of Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007) |url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/site/en/content/election-members-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007 |publisher=Nepal Law Commission |accessdate=8 February 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209114950/http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/site/en/content/election-members-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007 |archivedate=9 February 2015 |df= }}
41. ^[https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2002-06-28-57 Valgloven §6, §7 and §11 (in Norwegian)]
42. ^Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, 1992, Article 230: "The president and vice president of the Republic will be elected jointly and directly by the people, by a simple majority of voters, in general elections held between 90 and 120 days prior to the expiration of the ongoing constitutional term."
43. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/politica/institutii/legea-algerilor-parlamentare-pe-liste--promulgata-de-iohannis-386442 |title=Legea Alegerilor Parlamentare pe Liste, promulgată de Iohannis |work=România Liberă |last=Filimon |first=Paul |date=20 July 2015 |language=Romanian}}
44. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.roaep.ro/legislatie/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Legea-nr.-208-2015.pdf|title=Anexa 1. Denumirea, numerotarea şi numărul de mandate aferent circumscripţiilor electorale|publisher=Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority|accessdate=2015-11-25|language=Romanian}}
45. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.roaep.ro/legislatie/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lege-nr.-208-2015-actulizare-22-11-2015.pdf|title=Legea nr. 208 din 20 iulie 2015 privind alegerea Senatului şi a Camerei Deputaţilor, precum şi pentru organizarea şi funcţionarea Autorităţii Electorale Permanente|publisher=Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority|accessdate=12 July 2016|language=Romanian}}
46. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/world/europe/putin-orders-new-system-for-russian-parliamentary-elections.html|title = Putin Orders New System for Russian Parliamentary Elections - NYTimes.com|date = 3 January 2013|accessdate = 9 September 2014}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url = http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_02_24/Putin-signs-into-law-Duma-mixed-electoral-system-5992/|title = Putin signs into law Duma mixed electoral system - News - Russia - The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video|date = 24 February 2014|accessdate = 9 September 2014}}
48. ^Constitution of Rwanda, Article 100: "The election of the President of the Republic shall be by universal suffrage through a direct and secret ballot with a simple majority of the votes cast. The Supreme Court proclaims the final results of the election."
49. ^THE CONSTITUTION OF SIERRA LEONE, 1991 (Act No. 6 of 1991), section 42(2)(e): "no person shall be elected as President of Sierra Leone unless at the Presidential election he has polled not less than fifty-five per cent of the valid votes in his favour; and", section 42(2)(f): "in default of a candidate being duly elected under paragraph (e), the two candidates with the highest number or numbers of votes shall go forward to a second election which shall be held within fourteen days of the announcement of the result of the previous election, and the candidate polling the higher number of votes cast in his favour shall be declared President."
50. ^{{cite web|title=2015 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION RESULTS |url=http://www.eld.gov.sg/election_results_2015.html |website=Elections Department Singapore |publisher=Government of Singapore |accessdate=4 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914182139/http://www.eld.gov.sg/election_results_2015.html |archivedate=14 September 2015 |df= }}
51. ^{{cite news|title=Singapore Votes 2015|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/specialreports/sgvotes2015|accessdate=4 December 2015|publisher=ChannelNews Asia}}
52. ^[https://www.scribd.com/doc/81771718/Qordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012 Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2012], Article 86 (2): "The candidate who obtains the absolute majority of votes shall be elected President. If none of the candidates obtains this absolute majority, the two candidates with the highest number of votes shall stand for election within two weeks."
53. ^{{cite web|title=Art. 41, Constitution of Tanzania|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tanzania_1995?lang=en#476|website=Constitute Project}}
54. ^{{cite web|title=Art. 66, Constitution of Tanzania|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tanzania_1995?lang=en#857|website=Constitute Project}}
55. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20140625141745/ |title=Tunisie : les législatives fixées au 26 octobre et la présidentielle au 23 novembre |language=French|publisher=Jeune Afrique |date=25 June 2014}}
56. ^{{cite book|title=THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TUNISIAN REPUBLIC (Unofficial english translation)|date=26 January 2014|publisher=UNDP and International IDEA|pages=16–23|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/2014.01.26_-_final_constitution_english_idea_final.pdf|accessdate=15 April 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210602/http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/2014.01.26_-_final_constitution_english_idea_final.pdf|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=}}
57. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20140502083810/tunisie-isie-constituante-tunisienne-elections-tunisie-2014la-tunisie-adopte-enfin-sa-nouvelle-loi-electorale.html |title=Constituante tunisienne {{!}} La Tunisie adopte enfin sa nouvelle loi électorale |work= Jeuneafrique.com |language=French|publisher=Jeune Afrique |date=2 June 2014}}
58. ^{{cite book|title=Proposed Basic Law on Elections and Referendums - Tunisia (Non-official translation to English)|date=26 January 2014|publisher=International IDEA|page=25|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/at_download/file|accessdate=15 April 2015|chapter=2}}
59. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ukraine-talks-set-to-open-without-pro-russian-separatists/2014/05/14/621dbc6a-c7d9-40bc-b2e5-814a4108bbef_story.html|title=Ukraine talks set to open without pro-Russian separatists|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=14 May 2014|accessdate=29 May 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528213228/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ukraine-talks-set-to-open-without-pro-russian-separatists/2014/05/14/621dbc6a-c7d9-40bc-b2e5-814a4108bbef_story.html|archivedate=28 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}
{{cite news|date=22 May 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27518989 |title=Ukraine elections: Runners and risks |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=29 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527092109/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27518989 |archivedate=27 May 2014 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}
{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8460978.stm |title=Q&A: Ukraine presidential election |publisher=BBC News |date=7 February 2010 |accessdate=29 May 2014 |deadurl=no |archivedate=29 April 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429045939/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8460978.stm |df=dmy }}
{{cite web|publisher=Radio Ukraine International |accessdate=29 May 2014 |url=http://nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/566632/ |title=Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote – CEC |date=29 May 2014 |archivedate=29 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529212731/http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/566632/ |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
{{cite news|publisher=Телеграф |url=http://telegraf.com.ua/ukraina/politika/1300294-rezultatyi-vyiborov-prezidenta-ukrainyi-2014-tsik-obrabotala-51-99.html |script-title=ru:Внеочередные выборы Президента Украины |trans-title=Results election of Ukrainian president |date=29 May 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014 |language=ru |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529233925/http://telegraf.com.ua/ukraina/politika/1300294-rezultatyi-vyiborov-prezidenta-ukrainyi-2014-tsik-obrabotala-51-99.html |archivedate=29 May 2014 |df=dmy }}
60. ^{{cite act|title=Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/UA/ukraine-the-law-on-election-of-the-peoples/at_download/file|accessdate=9 August 2015|format=PDF|date=17 November 2011|number=4061-VI|article=98-99}}
61. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Hood III|first1=M.V.|title=Hood: Georgia is one of few states with primary runoff balloting|url=http://onlineathens.com/election/2014-07-19/hood-georgia-one-few-states-primary-runoff-balloting|accessdate=16 October 2014|publisher=Athens Banner-Herald|date=19 July 2014}}
62. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Barrow|first1=Bill|title=Department of Justice gives approval to Louisiana's open primaries|url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/02/department_of_justice_gives_ap.html|accessdate=29 November 2014|publisher=Nola.com|date=8 February 2011}}
63. ^1 Louisiana uses a variant of the blanket primary with the primary at the day of the general election, with a runoff if no candidate receives a majority, while California and Washington has a primary before the general election with the top-two candidates facing off in the general election regardless of whether one has a majority or not. Many states use runoff voting in the partisan primaries.
64. ^1 Elections in the United States commonly feature partisan primary elections run by the state (as opposed to by the parties), see Primary election#Primaries in the United States
65. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/11/10/maine-became-the-first-state-in-the-country-to-pass-ranked-choice-voting|title=Maine became the first state in the country Tuesday to pass ranked choice voting|date=10 November 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 November 2016}}
66. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mainerankedchoice.vote|title=Ranked Choice Voting {{!}} Maine Voters Rank Candidates|website=Maine Uses Ranked Choice Voting|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-08}}
67. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2018/06/12/ranked-choice-voting-takes-lead-in-early-balloting/ |title=Mainers vote to keep ranked-choice voting, with supporters holding commanding lead |publisher=Portland Press Herald |author=Eric Russell |date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=13 June 2018}}
68. ^{{cite book|title=ELECTORAL ACT|publisher=Zimbabwe Electoral Commission|page=63|url=http://www.zec.gov.zw/electoral-media?download=497:consolidated-electoral-act|accessdate=18 January 2015|format=pdf|chapter=Part XVII, Section 110}}
69. ^1 {{cite book|title=Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20)|pages=52–54|url=http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/56/constitution.pdf|format=pdf|chapter=3, 4|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910142157/http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/56/constitution.pdf|archivedate=2014-09-10|df=}}
70. ^1 {{cite web|title=Electoral Amendment Act 2014 [Act 6-2014]|url=http://www.veritaszim.net/sites/veritas_d/files/Electoral%20Amendment%20Act%202014%20-%20Act%206-2014.doc|website=Veritas Zimbabwe|accessdate=18 January 2015|pages=52–55|format=doc}}
71. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013522105015147596.html |title=Zimbabwe's Mugabe signs new constitution – Africa |publisher=Al Jazeera |accessdate=29 July 2013}}
72. ^{{cite book|title=ELECTORAL ACT|publisher=Zimbabwe Electoral Commission|page=35|url=http://www.zec.gov.zw/electoral-media?download=497:consolidated-electoral-act|accessdate=18 January 2015|format=pdf|chapter=Part X, Section 44}}
Much of the data on Bulgaria from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235159/http://www.is-bg.net/cik2005/news.php?id=30&sub=3m Central electoral committee] - "Methods for determining the number of mandates in constituencies and the results of the vote" (in Bulgarian); [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926202454/http://nbu.bg/PUBLIC/IMAGES/File/departamenti/informatika/4.pdf A mathematical analysis of the system]
Much of the data regarding which voting system is used is drawn from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030805083101/http://www.idea.int/esd/data/world.cfm this 2002 report] from the International Insititute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).
Some of the data has been updated since then.