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词条 List of English words of Turkic origin
释义

  1. Introduction

  2. A

  3. B

  4. C

  5. D

  6. E

  7. F

  8. G

  9. H

  10. I

  11. J

  12. K

  13. L

  14. M

  15. N

  16. O

  17. P

  18. Q

  19. R

  20. S

  21. T

  22. U

  23. Y

  24. Z

  25. See also

  26. External links

  27. References

This is a list of words that have entered into the English language from the Turkic languages. Many of them came via traders and soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic words as well, most of them entered English via the Russian language.

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Introduction

{{refimprove section|date=December 2011}}

Languages of Turkic peoples left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts.

The adoption of Indian (principally Hindustani) words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through Eastern European languages like Russian and Polish. Albanian, German, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish [1]).

In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul – The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that Turkey had the most intensive and wide connections with England. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.

Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology.

To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish, Hindustani, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.

A

Afshar
from Turkic Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse weave.[2][3][4]
Aga or
//Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Agha: from Turkish ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.[5][6]
//Aga Khan">Aga Khan: from Turkic agha and khan, the divinely ordained head of the Nizari branch of Isma'ili Shi'a Islam.[7]
//Agaluk">Agaluk: from Turkish Ağalık, a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire
//Ayran">Airan: from Turkish ayran [8][9][10]
//Akbash dog">Akbash: from Turkish akbaş, literally "a whitehead" [11]
Akche
from Turkish akçe, also asper, an Ottoman monetary unit consisted of small silver coins.[12][13]
Akhissar
from Turkish Akhisar, a city in Manisa Province, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar.[14]
Altay
from the Altai Mountains of Central Asia, which is from Turkic-Mongolian altan, meaning "golden". 1. the Altai horse 2. the Altay sheep[15][16]
Altilik
from Turkish altılık. A coin formerly used in Turkey, originally silver, equivalent to six piastres.[17]
//Araba (carriage)">Araba: (from {{lang-ar|عربة}} ʿarabah or the Turkish loan form araba, arba or aroba). A horse-driven carriage.
Arnaut
from Turkish arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.[18]
Aslan
from Turkish Aslan, "lion".
Astrakhan
from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) Karakul sheep of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.[19][20]
//Atabeg">Atabeg: from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".[21][22]
Atabek
from Turkic, an alternative form of Atabeg.
Ataghan
from Turkish yatağan, an alternative form of yatagan.[23]
//Ataman">Ataman: from Russian, from South Turkic ataman, "leader of an armed band" : ata, "father" + -man, augmentative suffix.[24]
//Aul">Aul: Russian, from the Tatar and Kyrgyz languages.[25]
//Ayran">Ayran: see Airan

B

//Bahadur (title)">Bahadur: from Hindi bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian, probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical Mongolian baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name.[26]
//Bayram (Turkey)">Bairam: from Turkish bayram, literally "a festival" [27][28]
//Baklava">Baklava: from Turkish baklava [29]
//Balaclava (clothing)">Balaclava: from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish balıklava. A hoodlike knitted cap covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.[30][31]
//Balalaika">Balalaika: from Russian balalaika, of Turkic origin.[32][33]
//Balkan">Balkan: from Turkish balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their peoples, languages, or cultures.[34]
//Bamia">Bamia: from Turkish bamya.[35]
//Ban (title)">Ban: from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian ban, "lord", which is from Turkic bayan, "very rich person" : bay, "rich" + -an, intensive suff.[36]
//Barbotte">Barbotte: from Canadian French barbotte, which is from Turkish barbut. A dice game [37]
//Barchan">Barchan/Barkhan: from Russian, which is from Kirghiz barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world [38]
//Pasha">Bashaw: from Turkish başa, a variant of pasha [39]
//Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-bazouk: from Turkish başıbozuk [40]
//Ottoman clothing">Bashlyk: from Turkish başlık, "a hood", from baş, "a head" [41]
//Batman (mass measure)">Batman: from Turkish batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight [42]
//Beetewk">Beetewk: from Russian bityug, bityuk, which is from Turkic bitük, akin to Chagatai bitü, Uzbek bitäü. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses.[43][44]
//Baig">Beg: from Turkic beg, an alternative form of bey [45]
//Beglerbeg">Beglerbeg: from Turkish beylerbeyi, a variant of beylerbey [46]
//Begum">Begum: from Urdu begam, which is from East Turkic begüm [47]
//Behçet's disease">Behcet: from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.[48]
//Bektashi">Bektashi: from Turkish bektaşi [49]
//Bergamot orange">Bergamot: from French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish bey armudu, literally, "the bey's pear" [50]
//Bey">Bey: from Turkish bey [51]
//Beylerbey">Beylerbey: from Turkish beylerbeyi [52]
//Bey">Beylik: from Turkish beylik [53][54][55]
//Binbashi">Binbashi: from Turkish binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", bin "thousand" + bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army.[56]
//Bogatyr">Bogatyr: from Russian bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batur "brave" [57]
//Börek">Borek: from Turkish börek, ultimately from root bur-, "twisted"
//Borunduk">Borunduk: from Russian burunduk, which is from Mari uromdok or from Turkic burunduk. A Siberian ground squirrel.[58][59][60]
//Boza">Bosa or boza: from Turkish boza, a fermented drink [61][62]
//Bosh (disambiguation)">Bosh: from Turkish boş, which means "nonsense, empty" [63] (Bosh on wiktionary)
//Bostanji">Bostanji: from Turkish bostancı, literally "a gardener" [64]
//Bouzouki">Bouzouki: from modern Greek mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved" or büzük "constricted, puckered".[65]
//Boyar">Boyar: from Russian boyarin, from Old Russian boljarin, from Turkic baylar, plural of bay, "rich"; akin to Turkish bay, "rich, gentleman".[66]
//Contract bridge">Bridge game: the word came into English from the Russian word, biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "bugler" (in modern Turkish: borucu, borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term bir, üç, or "one, three" [67]
//Bugger">Bugger: from Middle English bougre, "heretic", from Old French boulgre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus, from Greek Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic bulghar, "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".[68][69][70][71]
Bulgar
from Bolgar, Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (see bugger). A Russia leather originally from Bolgar.[69][72]
//Bulgur">Bulgur: from Turkish bulgur, which means "pounded wheat" [73]
//Buran (wind)">Buran: from Russian buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar buran [74][75]
//Burka (Caucasus)">Burka: from Russian, probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian bor "reddish brown"; akin to Sanskrit babhru "reddish brown".[76]

C

Cafeneh
from Turkish kahvane, kahvehane "a coffee shop, café", from kahve "coffee" + hane "house" [77][78]
//Caïque">Caïque: from Turkish kayık [79]
Caiquejee
alteration (influenced by caique) of earlier caikjee, from Turkish kayıkçı, "a boatman" [80]
//Calpack">Calpack: from Turkish kalpak [81]
//Caracal">Caracal: from Turkish karakulak, which means "black ear" [82]
Caraco
from French, perhaps from Turkish kerrake "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.[83]
//Karakul (sheep)">Caracul: from Uzbek karakul, an alteration of karakul [84]
//Caragana">Caragana: from New Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz karaghan "Siberian pea tree".[85]
//Caramoussal">Caramoussal: from Turkish karamürsel, karamusal, perhaps from kara "black" + mürsel "envoy, apostle" [86]
//Casaba">Casaba: from Turkish Kasaba, a small town with 2.000 to 20.000 people in Turkey [87]
//Cassock">Cassock: from Middle French casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic quzzak "nomad, adventurer" (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic kazagand, from Persian kazhagand "padded coat".[88]
//Cham (disambiguation)">Cham: from French, which is from Turkish khan, "lord, prince" [89]
Chekmak
from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.[90]
//Chelengk">Chelengk: from Ottoman Turkish çelenk, a bird's feather used as a sign of bravery
//Chiaus">Chiaus: from Turkish çavuş.[91]
//Chibouk">Chibouk: from Turkish çubuk.[92]
Choga
from Sindhi, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Turkish çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in India and Pakistan.[93]
//Chouse">Chouse: perhaps from Turkish çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger" [94]
//Coffee">Coffee: from Ottoman Turkish kahve via Italian caffè[95]
//Corsac fox">Corsac: from Russian korsak, from Kirghiz karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox" [96]
Cosaque
from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian Kazak & Ukrainian kozak, which is from Turkic Kazak. A cracker.[97]
//Cossack">Cossack: from Turkic quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" [98] (Cossack on wiktionary)

D

Desemer
from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German bisemer, besemer, of Baltic origin; akin to Lithuanian bezmnas, of Slavic origin; akin to Old East Slavic bezmenu "desemer, small weight", Polish bezmian, przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batman "small weight". An ancient balance.[99]
//Devshirmeh">Devshirmeh: from Turkish devşirme, which means "gathering" [100][101]
//Dey">Dey: from Turkish dayı, literally "a maternal uncle" [102]
//Dolma">Dolma: from Turkish dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed" [103]
//Dolman">Dolman: ultimately from Turkish dolaman, a robe, from dolamak "to wind" [104][105]
//Dolmus">Dolmus, also Dolmush: from Turkish dolmuş, a share taxi [106]
//Dombra">Domra: from Kazakh dombra, a musical instrument [107][108]
//Doner kebab">Doner kebab: (Canadian: donair) from Turkish döner kebap [109][110]
//Donmeh">Donmeh: from Turkish dönme, which literally means "a convert" [111][112]
//Dunam">Donum: from Turkish dönüm, an alternative form of dunam [113][114]
//Doodle">Doodle: from German dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from dudel "a bagpipe", from Czech or Polish dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish düdük "a flute".[115]
//Dunam">Dunam: from Turkish dönüm, from dönmek "go round" [116][117]

E

Elchee or elchi
from Turkish elçi, which means "an ambassador".[118]
Eleme figs
from Turkish eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.[119]

F

//Fez">Fez: from Turkish fes

G

Galiongee
from Turkish kalyonçi, kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from kalyon, Italian galeone + çi or cu, the Turkish suffix.[120]
Ganch
modification of Turkish kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish kanca "large hook", modification of Greek gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix -lamak.[121]
//Giaour">Giaour: from Turkish gâvur
//Gilet">Gilet: from French, from Spanish gileco, jaleco, chaleco, from Arabic jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves in Algeria", from Turkish yelek "waistcoat, vest" [122]

H

Hajduk
from Ottoman Turkish haydut, "bandit, soldier"
//Harambaša">Harambaša: from Turkish haramibaşı, "bandit leader" (from harami, "bandit" + baş, "head")
//Haremlik">Haremlik: from Turkish haremlik, from harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix -lik "a place" [123]
//Horde (disambiguation)">Horde: from Turkic ordu or orda ("khan's residence") [124][125] (Horde on wiktionary)
//Hungary">Hungary: most directly from Latin, ultimately from Turkic, c.f. Onogur.

I

//Imam bayildi">Imam bayildi: from Turkish imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.[126]
Imbat
from Turkish imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).[127]

J

//Janissary">Janissary: from Turkish yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" [128] (janissary on wiktionary)
//Jarlig">Jarlig: from Mongolian: зарлиг, zarlig via Russian iarlyk
//Jelick">Jelick: from Turkish yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.[129]
Jettru
from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century under one khan.[130]

K

//Kadiluk">Kadiluk: from Ottoman Turkish kadı, "judge"
//Kaftan">Kaftan: from Turkish kaftan (also in Persian) [131]
Kaique
from Turkish kayık, an alternative form of caïque.[132]
//Kalderimi">Kalderimi: from Ottoman Turkish kaldırım, "paved road"
//Kalpak">Kalpak: from Turkish kalpak
//Kangal dog">Kangal: from Turkish kangal or sivas kangal köpeği [133][134]
Karabagh
A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the Caucasus.[135]
//Anatolian Shepherd">Karabash: from Turkish karabaş, literally "a blackhead" [136][137]
Karadagh
from Azeri Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug having a bold design and rich coloring.[138]
Karagane
from Russian karagan, which is from Turkic karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.[139][140]
//Karakul (sheep)">Karakul: from Uzbek karakul, literally a village in Uzbekistan [141]
//Latrodectus tredecimguttatus">Karakurt: from Russian, of Turkic origin, karakurt, "a venomous spider".[142]
//Kasseri">Kasseri: from New Greek kaseri, from Turkish kaşer, kaşar [143]
//Kavass">Kavass: from Turkish kavas [144][145]
Kazak
from Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized plant and animal forms.[146]
//Kefir">Kefir: from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from köpürmäk, "to froth, foam".[147][148]
Kelek
from Turkish kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.[149]
Kendyr
from Russian kendyr, from Turkish kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.[150][151]
//Ketch">Ketch: probably from Middle English cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish kayık "a boat, skiff".[152][153]
//Khagan">Khagan: from Turkic kaghan, an alternative form of khan [154]
//Khan (title)">Khan: from Turkic khan, akin to Turkish han (title meaning "ruler") [155]
//Khanum">Khanum: from Turkic khanum, akin to Turkish hanım, "a female derivation of Khan" [156]
//Khatun">Khatun: from Turkic khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian kwat'yn, "a queen" [157][158]
Kibitka
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur käbit.[159]
//Kielbasa">Kielbasa: from Polish kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic *kŭlbasa, from East Turkic kül bassï, "grilled cutlet", from Turkic kül bastï : kül, "coals, ashes" + bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press) [160]
//Kilij">Kilij: from Turkish kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.[161]
//Kiosk">Kiosk: from Turkish köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion [162]
//Kipchak people">Kipchak: from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.[163]
Kis Kilim
from Turkish kızkilim, a kind of carpet.[164]
//Qizilbash">Kizilbash: from Turkish kızılbaş, literally "a red head" [165][166]
//Knish">Knish: from Yiddish, from Ukrainian knysh, probably of Turkic origin.[167]
//Dandelion">Kok-saghyz: from Russian kok-sagyz, from Turkic kök-sagız, from kök "root" + sagız "rubber, gum" [168]
//Komitadji">Komitadji: from Turkish komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.[169]
//Konak (residence)">Konak: from Turkish konak, a large house in Turkey.[170]
Krym-saghyz
from Russian krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from Krym "Crimea",[171] + sagız "rubber, gum".[172]
Kulah
from Turkish Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses the Ghiordes knot.[173]
//Kulak">Kulak: from Russian kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kol "arm".[174][175]
Kulan
from Kirghiz kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".[176]
//Kumis">Kumiss: from Turkic kumyz or kumis [177] (kumiss on wiktionary)
//Kurbash">Kurbash: from Turkish kırbaç [178][179]
//Kurgan">Kurgan: from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kurgan "fortress, castle" [180]
//Kuruş">Kurus: from Turkish kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.[181]

L

//Lackey (manservant)">Lackey: from French laquais, from Spanish lacayo, ultimately from Turkish ulak, which means "runner" or "courier".[182]
Ladik
from Turkish Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in central Anatolia.[183]
//Latten">Latten: from Middle English latoun, laton, from Middle French laton, leton, from Old Provençal, from Arabic latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish altın "gold" [184]
//Lokshen soup">Lokshen: from Yiddish, plural of loksh "noodle", from Russian dial. loksha, of Turkic origin; akin to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar lakca "noodles", Chuvash läskä.[185]

M

//Mammoth">Mammoth: from Russian mamot, mamont, mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived from Yakut mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.[186]
//Lilium martagon">Martagon: from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish martagan, "a kind of turban".[187]
//Merdiban">Merdiban: an accounting method used by the Ottoman Empire, Abbasid empire, and the Ilkhanate; from a word meaning "Ladder" or "Staircase".[188]

N

//Nagyka">Nagaika: from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz nogai[189]

O

//Oda (harem)">Oda: from Turkish oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a harem.[190]
//Odalisque">Odalisque: from French, which is from Turkish odalık, from oda, "a room" [191]
//Oghuz Turks">Oghuz or Ghuz: from Turkic oghuz. A descendant of certain early Turkic invaders of Persia.[192]
//Osmanli">Osmanli: from Turkish osmanlı, from Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire + lı "of or pertaining to" [193]
//Ottoman (furniture)">Ottoman: is a form of couch which usually has a head but no back, though sometimes it has neither. It may have square or semicircular ends, and as a rule it is what upholsterers call "overstuffed” — that is to say no wood is visible. In American English, an ottoman is a piece of furniture consisting of a padded, upholstered ...
//Ottoman (disambiguation)">Ottoman: from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian ottomano, from Turkish osmani, from Osman, Othman died 1326, founder of the Ottoman Empire [194]

P

//Baklava">Paklava: modification of Turkish baklava [195]
//Parandja">Parandja: from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair veil worn by women of Central Asia.[196]
//Pasha">Pasha: from Turkish paşa, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir" [197][198]
//Pashalic">Pashalic: from Turkish paşalık, "title or rank of pasha", from paşa: the jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory governed by him [199][200]
//Pastrami">Pastrami: from Yiddish pastrame, from Romanian pastrama, ultimately from Turkish pastırma [201]
//Petcheneg">Petcheneg: from Russian pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian, Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.[202][203]
//Pilaf">Pilaf: from Turkish pilav, and ultimately from Sanskrit pulāka- (पुलाक), "lump of boiled rice"
//Pierogi">Pirogi: from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk. börek) [204]
Pul
from Persian pul, which is from Turkish pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.[205]

Q

//Qajar dynasty">Qajar or Kajar: from Persian Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.[206]
//Quiver">Quiver: from Anglo-French quiveir, from Old French quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic language,[207] kubur in Old Turkish

R

//Rumelia">Rumelia: from Turkish Rumeli, "land of Romans"

S

//Sabot">Sabot: from Old French çabot, alteration of savate "old shoe", probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.[208]
Saic
from French saïque, from Turkish shaika.[209]
//Saiga antelope">Saiga: from Russian saĭgá(k), from Turkic; cf. Chagatai sayğak [210][211]
//Saker falcon">Saker: through Old French from Arabic saqr, probably from Turkic sonqur, which means "a falcon".[212]
//Samiel">Samiel: from Turkish samyeli, sam, "poisonous" + yel, "wind".[213]
//Sanjak">Sanjak: from Turkish sancak, which means "a banner" [214][215]
//Sarma (food)">Sarma: from Turkish sarma, which means "wrapping" [216][217]
//Saxaul">Saxaul: from Russian saksaul, which is from Kazakh seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of desert soils.[218][219]
//Selamlik">Selamlik: from Turkish Selamlık.[220]
//Seljuq dynasty">Seljuk: from Turkish Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.[221]
//Seraskier">Seraskier: from Turkish serasker, from Persian ser "head, chief" + Arabic asker "an army".[222]
//Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka: originally Arabic sawda, via Turkish sevda, "black bile". Genre of Balkan folk-music
//Sevruga">Sevruga: through Russian sevryuga ultimately from Tatar söirök.[223]
//Shabrack">Shabrack: from French schabraque, from German schabracke, from Hungarian csáprág, from Turkish çaprak [224]
//Shagreen">Shagreen: from Turkish sağrı, which means "the back of a horse" [225]
//Shaman">Shaman: from Turkic word šamán.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}
//Shashlik">Shashlik: from Russian шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar şışlık, which means "shish kebab" [226]
//Shawarma">Shawarma: ultimately from Turkish çevirme, which literally means "turning" [227]
//Shish">Shish: from Turkish şiş, which literally means "a skewer" [228][229]
//Shish kebab">Shish kebab: from Turkish şiş kebabı [230]
Shor
from Russian, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian sor "salt", Turkish sure "brackish soil". A salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.[231]
//Kyrgyzstani som">Som: from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble" [232]
//Sofa">Sofa: a long upholstered seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.

T

//Taiga">Taiga: from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.[233][234]
//Taramasalata">Taramasalata: from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" + salata "salad".[235]
//Taranchi">Taranchi: from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".[236]
//Carriage">Tarantass: from Russian tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar tarıntas.[237]
//Tarbagan">Tarbagan: from Russian, which is from Teleut. A rodent
//Tarbush">Tarbush: from Arabic tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish terposh, probably from Persian sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to sar "head" + pūsh "covering"), by association with Turkish ter "sweat". A tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part of the turban.[238]
//Tarkhan">Tarkhan: from Old Turkic tarkan, a privileged class.[239]
//Tarpan">Tarpan: from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh tarpan.[240][241]
//Tartar (disambiguation)">Tartar: from Persian Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person - Latin, from "Tartarus" - evil, hell.[242]
//Scorzonera">Tau-saghyz: from Russian tau-sagyz, from Turkic tau-sagız, from tau "mountain" + sagız "gum, rubber".[243]
//Tavla">Tavla: from Turkish tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.[244]
Tekke
from Turkish tekke, a dervish monastery.[245]
//Kazakhstani tenge">Tenge: from Kazakh teŋge "coin, ruble".[246]
//Tell (archaeology)">Tepe: from Turkish tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.[247][248][249]
Terek
from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar Terk. A sandpiper of the Old World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to southern Africa and Australia and frequenting rivers.[250][251]
//Theorbo">Theorbo: from Italian tiorba, which is from Turkish torba "a bag".[252][253]
//Toman (disambiguation)">Toman: from Persian تومان, which is from Turkic tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".[254]
//Tovarishch (disambiguation)">Tovarich: from Russian tovarishch, from Old East Slavic tovarishch, sing. of tovarishchi, "business associates", which is from Old Turkic tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" : tavar, "wealth, trade" + ishchi, "one who works" (from ish, "work, business").[255]
//Tughra">Tughra: from Turkish tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.[256][257]
//Tungusic peoples">Tungus: a member of the Tungusic people; from Russian, from East Turkic tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic tonguz.[258]
//Turk (disambiguation)">Turk: from Turkish türk, which has several meanings in English.[259]
//Turki">Turki: from Persian turki, from Turk, "Turk", from Turkish Türk.[260]
//Turquoise">Turquoise: from Middle English Turkeys, from Anglo-French turkeise, from feminine of turkeis Turkish, from Turc Turkish.[261]
Tuzla
from Turkish tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.[262]
//Tzatziki">Tzatziki: from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.[263]

U

//Ugrian">Ugrian: from Old East Slavic Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.[264]
//Uhlan">Uhlan: from Turkish oğlan "a boy, servant".[265]
//Urdu">Urdu: from Hindustani Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic ordu (source of horde).[266]
//Taiga">Urman: from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar urman, "a forest", synonymous with taiga;[267] Turkish word orman.
Ushak
from Ushak, Turkish Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate medallion pattern.[268]

Y

//Yardang">Yardang: from Turkic yardang, ablative of yar "steep bank, precipice".[269][270]
//Yarmulka">Yarmulka: of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yağmurluk which means "rainwear".[271]
//Yashmak">Yashmak or yashmac: from Turkish yaşmak.[272]
//Yatagan">Yataghan: from Turkish yatağan.[273]
//Yogurt">Yogurt: from Turkish yoğurt.[274] (yogurt on wiktionary)
//Yurt">Yurt: from Turkic yurt, which means "a dwelling place".[275]
//Yörük">Yuruk: from Turkish yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions, southeastern Anatolia.[276]

Z

//Zill">Zill: from Turkish zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.[277][278]

See also

  • Lists of English words of international origin

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20061121023611/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9381359/Turkic-languages Encyclopædia Britannica Concise – Turkic languages]
  • Ask Oxford – Borrowings into English
  • Association of British Scrabble Players – Turkish words

References

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2. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Afshar
3. ^TDK Online – Afşar{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
4. ^Parvis Tanavoli On Afshar Rugs
5. ^{{OEtymD|aga}}
6. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Aga
7. ^Dictionary.com – Aga Khan
8. ^Answers.com – Ayran
9. ^Fao.org – Airan in Main Categories of Products
10. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Airan
11. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Akbash_Dog |title=Reference.com – Akbash Dog |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203025/http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Akbash_Dog |archive-date=2011-06-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
12. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Akche
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14. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Akhissar
15. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Altai
16. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Altai Mountains
17. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Altilik
18. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Arnaut
19. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Astrakhan
20. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Astrakhan
21. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Atabeg
22. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – use of Atabeg in an article
23. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ataghan
24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/A0492100.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Ataman |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829134933/http://bartleby.com/61/21/A0492100.html |archive-date=2005-08-29 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
25. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Aul
26. ^Dictionary.com – Bahadur
27. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bairam
28. ^Allwords.com – Bairam
29. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Baklava
30. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Balaclava
31. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Balaklava
32. ^[https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=balalaika The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Balalaika]
33. ^{{cite web|title=Encarta Online – Balalaika |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/balalaika.html |website= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwsjifw2?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/balalaika.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
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35. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Bamia
36. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/17/B0051700.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Ban |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707221314/http://www.bartleby.com/61/17/B0051700.html |archive-date=2007-07-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
37. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Barbotte
38. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Barkhan
39. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bashaw
40. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Bashi-bazouk
41. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bashlyk
42. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Batman
43. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Beetewk
44. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Bityug
45. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Beg |title=Reference.com – Beg |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006200617/http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Beg |archive-date=2008-10-06 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
46. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Beylerbey
47. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/29/B0162900.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Begum |access-date=2006-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208091958/http://www.bartleby.com/61/29/B0162900.html |archive-date=2006-02-08 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
48. ^Dictionary.com – Behcet
49. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Bektashi
50. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bergamot
51. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bey
52. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Beylerbey
53. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Ottoman art
54. ^Answers.com – Beylik
55. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Beylic
56. ^Dictionary.com – Binbashi
57. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Bogatyr
58. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Borunduk
59. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Burunduk
60. ^Этимологический Словарь – Piotr Czerwinski → Burunduk {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504040221/http://www.nicomant.fils.us.edu.pl/jrn/2000/j12/pril/etim-zv.html |date=2008-05-04 }}
61. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Bosa
62. ^"bosa." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.
63. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bosh
64. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Bostanji
65. ^Dictionary.com – Bouzouki
66. ^The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Boyar
67. ^{{OEtymD|bridge}}
68. ^The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Bugger
69. ^1 The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Bulgar
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72. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Bulgar
73. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Bulgur
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75. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Buran
76. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Burka
77. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Cafeneh
78. ^Dictionary.com – Cafeneh
79. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Caique
80. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Caiquejee
81. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Calpac
82. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Caracal
83. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Caraco
84. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Caracul
85. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Caragana
86. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Caramoussal
87. ^[https://archive.today/20170807125830/http://www.arasindakifark.net/koy-ile-kasaba-farki-nedir-nasil/ Arasindaki Fark - Köy ile Kasaba farkı nedir]
88. ^{{OEtymD|cassock}}
89. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/7/C0230700.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Cham |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209014117/http://www.bartleby.com/61/7/C0230700.html |archive-date=2007-12-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
90. ^Dictionary.com – Chekmak
91. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Chiaus
92. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Chibouk
93. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Choga
94. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Chouse
95. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coffee | title=Coffee | Origin and meaning of coffee by Online Etymology Dictionary}}
96. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Corsac
97. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Cosaque
98. ^{{OEtymD|cossack}}
99. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Desemer
100. ^Lexicorient.com – Devsirme
101. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Topic: Devsirme
102. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Dey
103. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Dolma
104. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Dolman
105. ^The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Dolman {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209014122/http://www.bartleby.com/61/99/D0329900.html |date=2007-12-09 }}
106. ^"dolmus." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.
107. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Domra
108. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Domra
109. ^The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English – Doner kebab{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
110. ^Wiktionary.org – Doner kebab
111. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Donmeh
112. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Donme
113. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Donum
114. ^Proz.com – Donum
115. ^Antlion Pit – Doodle
116. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Dunam
117. ^Wiktionary.org – Dunam
118. ^ABSP – Turkish words – Elchee
119. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Eleme figs{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
120. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Galiongee
121. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ganch
122. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Gilet
123. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Haremlik
124. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Horde
125. ^{{OEtymD|horde}}
126. ^The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English – Imam bayildi{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
127. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Imbat
128. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Janissary
129. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Jelick
130. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Jettru
131. ^{{OEtymD|caftan}}
132. ^Dictionary.com – Kaique
133. ^PetPlanet.com – Kangal
134. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Kangal_Dog |title=Reference.com – Kangal |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203439/http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Kangal_Dog |archive-date=2011-06-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
135. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Karabagh
136. ^PetPlanet.com – Karabash
137. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Anatolian_Shepherd_Dog |title=Reference.com – Karabash |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203454/http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Anatolian_Shepherd_Dog |archive-date=2011-06-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
138. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Karadagh
139. ^Dictionary.com – Karagane
140. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Karagan
141. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Karakul
142. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Karakurt
143. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kasseri
144. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kavass
145. ^Dictionary.com – Kavass
146. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kazak
147. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/98/K0029800.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Kefir |access-date=2006-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114055753/http://www.bartleby.com/61/98/K0029800.html |archive-date=2006-01-14 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
148. ^{{cite web|title=Encarta Online – Kefir |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/kefir.html |website= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwskEfNu?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/kefir.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
149. ^Dictionary.com – Kelek
150. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kendyr
151. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Kendyr
152. ^{{OEtymD|ketch}}
153. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=aDhGlKL3h00C&pg=PA231&dq=ketch&hl=en&sig=-krz75dsUGBTecQeKoblgrIbSH8 The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology – Ketch]
154. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Khagan
155. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Khan
156. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Khanum
157. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Khatun
158. ^Highbeam.com – Khatun{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
159. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kibitka
160. ^The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Kielbasa {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630012313/https://www.bartleby.com/61/68/K0056800.html |date=2008-06-30 }}
161. ^Dictionary.com – Kilij
162. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kiosk
163. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kipchak
164. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kis Kilim{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
165. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kizilbash
166. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Kizilbash
167. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/6/K0090600.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Knish |access-date=2006-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209013056/http://www.bartleby.com/61/6/K0090600.html |archive-date=2007-12-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
168. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kok-saghyz
169. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Komitadji
170. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Konak
171. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Krym
172. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Krym-saghyz
173. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kulah
174. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kulak
175. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Kulak
176. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kulan
177. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kumiss
178. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kurbash
179. ^Dictionary.com – Kurbash
180. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Kurgan
181. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kurus
182. ^{{OEtymD|lackey}}
183. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ladik
184. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Latten
185. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Lokshen
186. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Mammoth
187. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/53/M0125300.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Martagon |access-date=2006-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901075356/http://bartleby.com/61/53/M0125300.html |archive-date=2005-09-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
188. ^{{cite web |last=Guvemli + Guvemli |url=http://www.commerce.usask.ca/special/5ahic/papers/5AHIC-36%20Final%20paper.pdf |title=The birth and development of the accounting Method in the Middle East (Merdiban Method) |accessdate=1 July 2012 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
189. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Nagaika
190. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Oda
191. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Odalisque
192. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ghuz
193. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Osmanli
194. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ottoman
195. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Paklava
196. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Parandja
197. ^{{OEtymD|pasha}}
198. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Pasha
199. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Pashalic
200. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – use of Pashalic in an article
201. ^DEX Online – Pastrama
202. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Petcheneg
203. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Pechenegi
204. ^{{OEtymD|pirogi}}
205. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Pul
206. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Kajar
207. ^{{OEtymD|quiver}}
208. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/51/S0005100.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Sabot |access-date=2006-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060128175827/http://www.bartleby.com/61/51/S0005100.html |archive-date=2006-01-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
209. ^Dictionary.com – Saic
210. ^Dictionary.com – Saiga
211. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/17/S0021700.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Saiga |access-date=2006-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301074902/http://www.bartleby.com/61/17/S0021700.html |archive-date=2007-03-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
212. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/47/S0034700.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Saker |access-date=2007-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823103230/http://www.bartleby.com/61/47/S0034700.html |archive-date=2007-08-23 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
213. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/45/S0054575.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Samiel |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826145335/http://www.bartleby.com/61/45/S0054575.html |archive-date=2007-08-26 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
214. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Sanjak
215. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Sanjak in Ottoman Bosnia
216. ^Answers.com – Sarma
217. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Sarma in Balkan cuisine
218. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Saxaul
219. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Saksaul
220. ^Dictionary.com – Selamlik
221. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Seljuk
222. ^Dictionary.com – Seraskier
223. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/81/S0298150.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Sevruga |access-date=2007-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117111650/http://www.bartleby.com/61/81/S0298150.html |archive-date=2007-11-17 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
224. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Shabrack
225. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Shagreen
226. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Shashlik
227. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/Shwarma |title=Arikah.net – Shawarma |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323001429/http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/Shwarma |archive-date=2006-03-23 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
228. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Shish
229. ^{{OEtymD|shish kebab}}
230. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Shish Kebab
231. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Shor
232. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Som
233. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Taiga
234. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/56/T0015600.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Taiga |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211104626/http://www.bartleby.com/61/56/T0015600.html |archive-date=2006-02-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
235. ^{{cite web|title=Encarta Online – Taramasalata |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718409/taramasalata.html |website= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwskjHoo?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718409/taramasalata.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
236. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Taranchi
237. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tarantass
238. ^Dictionary.com – Tarbush
239. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tarkhan
240. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tarpan
241. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Tarpan
242. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/71/T0057100.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Tatar/Tartar |access-date=2006-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224183514/http://www.bartleby.com/61/71/T0057100.html |archive-date=2006-02-24 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
243. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tau-saghyz
244. ^Wiktionary.org – Tavla
245. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tekke
246. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tenge
247. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tepe
248. ^Dictionary.com – Tepe
249. ^Starling.ru Turkic Etymology – Tepö
250. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Terek
251. ^Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Terek
252. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Theorbo
253. ^{{cite web|title=Encarta Online – Theorbo |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861719557/theorbo.html |website= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwslDjqv?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861719557/theorbo.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
254. ^The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Toman {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209014112/http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/T0256150.html |date=2007-12-09 }}
255. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/15/T0291500.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Tovarich |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428025110/http://www.bartleby.com/61/15/T0291500.html |archive-date=2006-04-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
256. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Ottoman Coins
257. ^[https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004094083&id=nnOHEYxc6PwC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=tughra%2Bturkish&sig=RTq_o3UAP9fGGu9TZXE_ggFBuBY&hl=en Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt – Tughra]
258. ^[https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?id=E5257600 The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Tungus]
259. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Turk
260. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/3/T0420300.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Turki |access-date=2006-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905152650/http://www.bartleby.com/61/3/T0420300.html |archive-date=2005-09-05 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
261. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Turquoise
262. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tuzla
263. ^{{cite web|title=Encarta Online – Tzatziki |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_561509087/tzatziki.html |website= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwsljYtp?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_561509087/tzatziki.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
264. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/44/U0004400.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Ugrian |access-date=2006-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209013025/http://www.bartleby.com/61/44/U0004400.html |archive-date=2007-12-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
265. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Uhlan
266. ^{{OEtymD|urdu}}
267. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Urman
268. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Ushak
269. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Yardang
270. ^Dictionary.com – Yardang
271. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Yarmulke
272. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Yashmak
273. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Yataghan
274. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Yogurt
275. ^Merriam-Webster Online – Yurt
276. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Yuruk
277. ^Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Zill
278. ^Dictionary.com – Zill
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of English Words Of Turkic Origin}}

3 : Lists of English words of foreign origin|Turkey-related lists|Turkish words and phrases
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