“List of European rivers with alternative names”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Many rivers in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some rivers have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European rivers. It also includes some lesser rivers that are important because of their location or history.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any river is or was. Rivers are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.

Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in...?".

See also

References

1. ^[https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC1PB3F_berounka-nebo-mze?guid=4500f991-b810-413a-b81d-9de40a96a833 Berounka nebo Mze?](in Czech)
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸J. G. Th. Graesse Orbis Latinus, 1909
3. ^Jean Marie Cassagne et Mariola Korsak, Origine des noms de villes et villages de la Charente, éditions Bordessoules, 1998, {{p.|72}}
4. ^Julius Casear, Civil Wars
5. ^Ramon Amigó Anglès, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vZw8VfTZldYC&pg=PA19 L'Albi i els seus noms], 2001 (in Catalan)
6. ^Annegret Plontke-Lüning, Acampsis in Brill’s New Pauly, 2006
7. ^Braund, Inaishvili & Tezgor, The Akampsis - Tchorokhi - Çoruh: A Frontier and a Navigation Road, 2017
8. ^Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition 2:757d
9. ^W. Rickmer Rickmers, "Lazistan and Ajaristan", The Geographical Journal 84:6 (Dec., 1934), p. 466. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785927 at JSTOR]
10. ^Ernest Nègre, Toponymie générale de la France, vol. 1, Librairie Droz, 1990, p. 49.
11. ^Katičic', Radoslav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147
12. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/226577 |title=Places: 226577 (Danuvius/Istros/Hister (river)) |author=Braund, D. |accessdate=July 20, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
13. ^Katičić, Radoslav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 144.
14. ^{{cite journal |title=Matoas, the Thraco-Phrygian name for the Danube, and the IE root *madų |first=Robert |last=Dyer |page=91 |journal=Glotta |volume=52 |year=1974 |issue=1/2 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG)|jstor = 40266286}}
15. ^Pliny the Elder (ca. 178 AD) Naturalis Historia 6.VII
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/825398 |title=Places: 825398 (Tanais (river)) |author=Braund, D. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
17. ^djouiye at Patois Vallée d'Aoste.
18. ^Jean-Baptiste Cerlogne, Dictionnaire du patois valdôtain, Aosta, Imprimerie Catholique, 1907.
19. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/138334 |title=Places: 138334 (Duranius (river)) |author=Sivan, H., R. Mathisen |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/177508 |title=Places: 177508 (Dubis (river)) |author=Woolf, G. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/236455 |title=Places: 236455 (Durius (river)) |author=Haley, E. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
22. ^Pliny the Elder (78 AD) Naturalis Historia 3.147.1
23. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197253 |title=Places: 197253 (Dravus (river)) |author=Šašel Kos, M., P. Kos |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/481815 |title=Places: 481815 (Drilon (river)) |author=Wilkes, J. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
25. ^Strabo, ca. 10 AD, Geography 4.1.3
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/148069 |title=Places: 148069 (Druentia (river)) |author=Loseby, S. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
27. ^"Lagan" in Nationalencyklopedin multimedia plus, 2000
28. ^Wolf-Armin Frhr. v. Reitzenstein: Lexikon bayerischer Ortsnamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung. C.H.Beck, München 2006, {{ISBN|3-406-55206-4}}, page 152
29. ^Ernst Förstemann: Altdeutsches Namenbuch, Bd. 2: Ortsnamen. Nordhausen 1859. S. 889.
30. ^Walter Steinhauser: Der Name der Leitha und die Hunnenschlacht am Nedao. In: Jahrbuch für Landeskunde von Niederösterreich. NF 36, Bd. 2, Wien 1964
31. ^L. Toorians (2005), De etymologie van Dorestat, p. 49, Jaarboek Oud-Utrecht 2005, {{ISBN|90-71108-24-4}}
32. ^{{Cite web |url=http://comp.uark.edu/~mreynold/recint2.htm |title=A List of the Latin Names of Places in Great Britain and Ireland |access-date=2017-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205071944/http://comp.uark.edu/~mreynold/recint2.htm |archive-date=2010-02-05 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://irisharchaeology.ie/2013/10/the-river-liffey-its-ancient-name/ |title=The River Liffey, its ancient name |publisher=Irisharchaeology.ie |date=2013-10-16 |accessdate=2018-12-04}}
34. ^Albrecht Greule: Vor- und frühgermanische Flussnamen am Oberrhein. Ein Beitrag zur Gewässernamengebung des Elsass, der Nordschweiz und Südbadens. Winter, Heidelberg 1973, pp. 129–132.
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arlef.it/it/documenti/#/toponomastica |title=Toponomastica: denominazioni ufficiali in lingua friulana |publisher=Arlef.it |date= |accessdate=2018-12-04}}
36. ^{{cite book |last=Hellquist |first=Elof |title=Svensk etymologisk ordbok |year=1922 |publisher=Gleerups förlag |location=Stockholm |page=416}}
37. ^¹Wahlberg, Mats (2003): Svenskt ortnamnslexikon. Uppsala: Språk- och Folkminnesinst.
38. ^Dictionnaire Topographique de la Sarthe, p. 137
39. ^¹Fabien Régnier, Jean-Pierre Drouin, Les peuples fondateurs à l'origine de la Gaule, édition Yoran Embanner, 2014, page 818,{{ISBN|978-2914855945}}
40. ^Språktidningen 2008/2: Älvar på samiska]
41. ^¹Carsten Peust, [https://bop.unibe.ch/linguistik-online/article/view/1749/2969#_ftn104 How Old Are the River Names of Europe? A Glottochronological Approach], Linguistik Online, 2015
42. ^Explanation at Legia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511193754/http://www.legia-forum.org/nederlands/legia_nl.html |date=2011-05-11 }}, an Iron Age study group named after the river
43. ^¹Baltic languages add declensions to and change the spelling of foreign proper nouns to suit grammatical and phonetic requirements and therefore nearly always appear to name rivers differently.
44. ^Pomponius Mela, 3,30: De Chorographia 3,30 amnium in alias gentes exeuntium Danuvius et Rhodanus, in Rhenum Moenis et Lupia, in oceanum Amissis, Visurgis et Albis clarissimi
45. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Georgiev|first1=Vladimir Ivanov Georgiev|title=Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages (1981, p. 351)|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=bg&id=xmZiAAAAMAAJ&dq=Alcman}}
46. ^{{cite book | title= A dictionary of English place-names | author= Mills, A D | year= 1998 | publisher= Oxford University Press | location= Oxford | isbn= 0-19-280074-4 | pages= 240}}
47. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/109039 |title=Places: 109039 (Helinium (river)) |author=Haselgrove, C., J. Kunow |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
48. ^Dragoş Moldovanu, Etimologia Hidronimului Moldova, Editura Academiei 1981-82 (in Romanian)
Andrei Brezianu, Vlad Spânu, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bgcCelRuTboC&pg=PA240#v=onepage&q&f=false The A to Z of Moldova], Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 240
49. ^[https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/226603 Gerros (river)] at pleaiades.stoa.org
50. ^¹Brian Campbell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=oeYiISgcJQIC Rivers and the Power of Ancient Rome], Appendix 2: Navigable Rivers according to Ancient Authors, pp 405-10, UNC Press Books, 2012
51. ^ The only mention appears by Livius, who gave this name to the river formed by the confluence of the Barbana (=Bojana) and Clausula (the arm of the Drin joining Bojana). See, for example, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bntEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA377 Barbana] in William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.
52. ^Annals of Fulda [https://azdoc.pl/9th-c-histories-2-the-annals-of-fulda.html]
53. ^Albrecht Greule, Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA338 page 338]
54. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/207268 |title=Places: 207268 (Margus (river)) |author=Wilkes, J. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
55. ^¹Herodotus, The Histories, 4.49
56. ^Musalla on the Tabula Peutingeriana
57. ^¹Albrecht Greule, Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA363 page 363]
58. ^Robert Ferguson, The River-Names of Europe, Williams & Norgate, 1862
59. ^Novak, Vilko. 2006. Slovar stare knjižne prekmurščine. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, pp. 262, 269.
60. ^{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/207269 |title=Places: 207269 (Maris(os) (river)) |author=Wilkes, J. |accessdate=July 18, 2018|publisher=Pleiades}}
61. ^Friedrich Umlauft (1886) [https://books.google.com/books?id=M80JAAAAIAAJ&q=Eger#v=snippet&q=Eger&f=false Geographisches Namenbuch von Österreich-Ungarn]: eine Erklärung von Länder-, Völker-, Gau-, Berg-, Fluss- und Ortsnamen. A. Hölder, 1886, p. 53.
62. ^In the Treaty of Meerssen (text (p. 3))
63. ^{{cite book|last=Smith|first=A.H.|authorlink=Albert Hugh Smith|title=The Place-names of the West Riding of Yorkshire|volume=7|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1962|pages=140-141}}

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