| 词条 | Nadezhda Suslova |
| 释义 |
|name = Nadezhda Suslova |box_width = |image = Nadezhda Suslova.jpg |image_width = |alt = |caption = |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1843|9|1}}[1] |birth_place = Panino, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1918|4|20|1843|9|1}} |death_place = Alushta, Crimea |profession = surgeon, obstetrician, gynecologist |specialism = |research_field = |known_for = |years_active = |education = Kirov Military Medical Academy University of Zurich |work_institutions = |prizes = |relations = Friedrich Erismann (spouse, 1867–1883, divorced)[2] Alexander Golubev (spouse, 1883–1918)[2] }}{{Eastern Slavic name|Prokofyevna|Suslova}}Nadezhda Prokofyevna Suslova ({{lang-ru|Надежда Прокофьевна Суслова}}; 1 September 1843 – 20 April 1918) was Russia's first female physician and the sister of Polina Suslova.[3][5] She worked as a gynecologist in Nizhny Novgorod, and was involved in many charity efforts.[1] Early lifeNadezhda was born in Panino village, Nizhny Novgorod guberniya, the second of three children.[4][5] Her father, Prokofii, and her mother, Anna, were serfs for the Sheremetev EducationShe was allowed by Ivan Sechenov and Sergey Botkin to attend classes at the Imperial Military Medical Academy with Mariia Obrucheva (Bokov), another young woman with revolutionary sympathies who had met Suslova in school.[1][9] Suslova's first article, Changes in skin sensations under the influence of electrical stimulation, was published in Meditsinskiy Vestnik in 1862. In 1865, after women were officially banned from universities, she moved to Switzerland, partially influenced by the arrest of her siblings and Bokov and her husband for political activities. In Switzerland, she audited medical classes at the University of Zurich for two years, then became an official student when the university was opened to women. She had intended to study obstetrics in Paris for her doctoral research, but instead moved to St. Petersburg. For her dissertation, she researched the muscular reflexes of frogs and their relationship to the function of lymph hearts at Graz Medical University in Sechenov's lab. She graduated in 1867.[1][4][5] Suslova was the first Russian woman to be awarded a Doctor of Medicine degree, which was conferred after having to defend her research and education in front of a large audience and the medical school faculty.[10][5] Career and researchSuslova's first publication after earning her doctorate was a summary of her dissertation research, published in 1868 in Germany. In order to be allowed to practice medicine in Russia, Suslova (at the time, Erismann) had to pass a special examination, which she did in 1868. She then began practicing gynecology and pediatrics in St. Petersburg with patients from all socioeconomic classes. The next year, Friedrich Erismann moved to St. Petersburg and the couple collaborated in medical practice and researching public health issues affecting the city's slums. After her divorce and another period of police surveillance, she moved to Nizhny Novgorod to continue her practice. After a period there, she moved to Alushta with her second husband and gave free medical care to the local poor Tatar people. She was known for her philanthropy during this period of her life, and for building a library and school on her property to serve the local population.[5] Personal lifeOn April 16, 1868, Suslova married her first husband, Friedrich Erismann, in Vienna, Austria. They met while both students at the University of Zurich. The couple divorced on August 18, 1883. In 1885, Suslova married Aleksandr Golubev, a histology professor and physician.[5] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://lechebnik.info/511/20.htm|title=The first Russian women physician Nadezhda Prokofyevna Suslova|last=Osipov|first=G|year=1988|publisher=Zhurnal Zdorovye|accessdate=22 September 2010}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Suslova, Nadezhda}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.uni-ch.ru/UniZh/Index_unizh.htm|title=Университет Цюриха|publisher=Первый русский гид по университетам Швейцарии|language=Russian|accessdate=4 April 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|last= Knapp|first=Liza |title=Dostoevsky's The Idiot: a critical companion |year=1998|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-1533-0|page=10}} 4. ^1 2 (Russian) {{cite book|title=Deyateli revolyutsionnogo dvizheniya v Rossii: Bibliographic Dictionary|url= http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0/|date=1927–1934|publisher=Izd-vo Vsesoyuznogo obshestva politicheskih katorzhan i ssylno-poselentsev|location=slovari.yandex.ru|chapter=Nadezhda Prokofyevna Suslova}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m1RuBwAAQBAJ|title = Ladies in the Laboratory IV: Imperial Russia's Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|last = Creese|first = Mary R. S.|date = 2015-03-12|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|isbn = 9781442247420|language = en}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Nevskaya|first=Elena|date=February 2003|title=Sense and sensibility|journal=Vokrug sveta|issue=2 |volume=40|issn=0321-0669|url=http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/454/|language=Russian}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m1RuBwAAQBAJ|title = Ladies in the Laboratory IV: Imperial Russia's Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|last = Creese|first = Mary R. S.|date = 2015-03-12|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|isbn = 9781442247420|language = en}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m1RuBwAAQBAJ|title = Ladies in the Laboratory IV: Imperial Russia's Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|last = Creese|first = Mary R. S.|date = 2015-03-12|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|isbn = 9781442247420|language = en}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m1RuBwAAQBAJ|title = Ladies in the Laboratory IV: Imperial Russia's Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|last = Creese|first = Mary R. S.|date = 2015-03-12|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|isbn = 9781442247420|language = en}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last=Zhuk|first=Sergei|date=Winter 2001|title=Science, Women and Revolution in Russia |journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine |volume=75 |issue=4|pages=802–803 |issn=0007-5140 |doi=10.1353/bhm.2001.0204|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/bulletin_of_the_history_of_medicine/v075/75.4zhuk.html}} 9 : Imperial Russian physicians|Imperial Russian surgeons|Russian women physicians|19th-century women|Russian gynaecologists|Russian obstetricians|University of Zurich alumni|1843 births|1918 deaths |
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