请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 List of federal political scandals in the United States
释义

  1. Scope and organization of political scandals

  2. Federal government scandals

     Donald Trump administration (2017–present)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Barack Obama administration (2009–2017)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  George W. Bush administration (2001–2009)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Bill Clinton administration (1993–2001)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  George H. W. Bush administration (1989–1993)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Ronald Reagan administration (1981–1989)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  James E. Carter administration (1977–1981)  Executive Branch  Legislative branch  Judicial  Gerald Ford administration (1974–1977)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial  Richard M. Nixon administration (1969–1974)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Lyndon B. Johnson administration (1963–1969)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  John F. Kennedy administration (1961–1963)  Legislative Branch  Dwight D. Eisenhower administration (1953–1961)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Harry S. Truman administration (1945–1953)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration (1933–1945)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Herbert Hoover administration (1929–1933)  Legislative Branch  Calvin Coolidge administration (1923–1929)  Executive  Legislative  Judicial  Warren G. Harding administration (1921–1923)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial  Woodrow Wilson administration (1913–1921)  Executive Branch  Judicial  William Howard Taft administration (1909–1913)  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Theodore Roosevelt administration (1901–1909)  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  William McKinley administration (1897–1901)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Grover Cleveland administration (1885–1889)  Legislative Branch  Chester A. Arthur administration (1881–1885)  Executive Branch  James A. Garfield administration (1881–1881)  Legislative Branch  Rutherford B. Hayes administration (1877–1881)  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Ulysses S. Grant administration (1869–1877)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  Judicial Branch  Andrew Johnson administration (1865–1869)  Executive branch  Abraham Lincoln administration (1861–1865)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch   James Buchanan administration (1857–1861)   Legislative Branch  Zachary Taylor administration (1849–1850)  Executive Branch  Andrew Jackson administrations (1829–1836)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch  James Monroe administrations (1817–1824)  Legislative Branch  Thomas Jefferson administrations (1801–1808)  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  John Adams administration (1797–1800)  Executive Branch  Legislative Branch   George Washington administration (1789–1796)   Legislative Branch   Government under the Articles of Confederation (1777–1788)   Executive Branch  Legislative Branch 

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2017}}{{dynamic list}}{{Political corruption sidebar}}

This article provides a list of political scandals that involve officials from the government of the United States, sorted from most recent date to least recent.

Scope and organization of political scandals

This article is organized by presidential terms in reverse order, recent to older, and then divided into scandals of the federal executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Members of both parties are listed under the term of the president in office at the time the scandal took place, even though they may not be connected with the presiding president.

Politician (a person who is professionally involved in politics) includes not only those elected, but also party officials, candidates for office, their staffs and appointees. Please note that every president directly selects, appoints or hires several thousand people. Each of them selects thousands more. Private citizens should only be mentioned when they are closely linked to the scandal or politician, such as Jack Abramoff. This list also does not include crimes that occur outside the politician's tenure (such as before or after his tenure) unless they specifically stem from acts made while in office and discovered later.

Scandal is defined as "loss of or damage to reputation caused by actual or apparent violation of morality or propriety". Scandals are separate from 'controversies', (which implies two differing points of view) and 'unpopularity'. Many decisions are controversial, many decisions are unpopular, that alone does not make them scandals. Breaking the law is a scandal. The finding of a court is the sole method used to determine a violation of law, but it is not the sole method of determining a scandal. Also included as scandals are politicians who resign, quit, run, or commit suicide while being investigated or threatened with investigation.

Notoriety is a major determinant of a scandal, that is, the amount of press dedicated to it. So a relatively unimportant scandal such as the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal is included, even though no crime was committed. Misunderstandings, breaches of ethics, unproven crimes or cover-ups may or may not result in inclusion depending on the standing of the accused, the amount of publicity generated, and the seriousness of the crime, if any. Drunk driving may be a conviction, but is usually too minor and too common to mention unless there are multiple convictions and/or jail time.

Given the political nature of congress in which the leading party has determining power, politicians who are rebuked, admonished, condemned, suspended, reprimanded, found in contempt, found to have acted improperly or used poor judgement, are not included unless the scandal is exceptional or leads to expulsion or conviction.

Federal government scandals

Donald Trump administration (2017–present)

{{further|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|2017–18 United States political sexual scandals|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}
  • President Donald Trump (R) has or is currently being investigated in seventeen different investigations. the chief investigation being led by Special Counsel for the Department of Justice Robert Mueller, which is now closed. No charges have been filed.[1][2] See also Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019), and Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

Executive Branch

  • Scott Pruitt (R) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, resigned citing increasing numbers of investigations into his administration. The EPA's own Chief Ethics Official had been pushing for independent studies into Pruitt's actions and 13 other separate investigations were under way, including alleged corruption for personal gain, salary increases without White House approval, use of government staff on personal projects and unnecessary spending on offices and security. He resigned July 5, 2018[3][4][5]
    1. Albert Kelly (R) EPA Superfund Task Force Director and top aide to EPA Chief Scott Pruitt (R) resigned amid scrutiny of his previous actions as leader of a bank in Oklahoma which led to $125,000 fine and lifetime ban from banking. (2018)&91;6&93;&91;7&93;&91;8&93;
    2. Pasquale "Nino" Perrotta EPA Security Administrator resigned after allegations of lavish spending and improper contracts (2018)&91;9&93;
    3. Samantha Dravis (R) EPA Associate Administrator and Senior Counsel in the Office of Policy resigned abruptly after allegations of being a no show employee. (2018)&91;10&93;&91;11&93;&91;12&93;
    4. George Papadopoulos (R) Foreign policy advisor pleaded guilty to making false statements to FBI agents relating to contacts he had with agents of the Russian government while working for the Trump campaign. He was sentenced to 14 days in prison, 12 months probation, and 200 hours community service.(2017)[13][14][15][16][17]
    5. Michael Flynn National Security Advisor, was forced to resign on February 13, 2017, over conversations he had with Russian envoys about sanctions during the transition. On December 1, 2017, Flynn pleaded guilty to charges of lying to the FBI as a plea bargain. (2017)[18][19]
    6. Dr. William C. Bradford resigned from the United States Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy amid reports that he had made racial slurs directed at Barack Obama on Disqus and Twitter. Bradford had claimed that some of the comments were the result of identity theft and not his. (2017)[20]
    7. Tom Price (R) Health and Human Services Secretary, was forced to resign on September 29, 2017, after it was discovered that he spent hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars on private flights.[21]
    8. Dr. Brenda Fitzgerald (R) Director of the Center for Disease Control was forced to resign on January 31, 2018, after it was discovered that she bought stock in tobacco, the leading cause of preventable death in the US, and creating a conflict of interest.[22]
    9. Taylor Weyeneth (R) Deputy CoS at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy resigned when it was revealed the 24 year old had no qualifications for the position and no related work history other than working on President Trump's campaign (2018).[23][24]
    10. David Sorensen (R) White House speechwriter, resigned after his ex-wife Jessica Corbett came forward with abuse allegations. (2018)[25][26]
    11. Vivieca Wright Simpson, Chief of Staff to Secretary of Veterans Affairs David Shulkin (I) resigned after an inspector general report charged that she altered an email to make it appear Shulkin was getting an award during a trip to Europe in order to gain approval to use taxpayer dollars to pay for Shulkin's wife to accompany him.[27]
    12. Rob Porter (R) White House Staff Secretary (R) resigned from the position on February 7, 2018, following public allegations of spousal abuse from his two ex-wives, Colbie Holderness and Jennifer Willoughby.[28][29] The allegations were supported by photographs of a black eye and a restraining order.[30] The Washington Post reported that White House counsel Donald McGahn had known since January 2017 about the allegations Porter's ex-wives made to the FBI, and that Chief of Staff John F. Kelly had known about the allegations since October 2017.[31]
    13. Tony Tooke Chief of the US Forest Service, resigned after a series of sexual harassment and retaliation accusations. (2018)[32]
    14. Rick Gates (R) 2016 Deputy Campaign Chairman to President Donald Trump (R) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and lying to investigators concerning his work lobbying with Ukraine as well as tax and bank fraud (2018)[33][34]
    15. Michael Cohen (lawyer) (R) Personal Attorney to President Donald Trump (R) and vice – president to the Trump organization, pleaded guilty to tax evasion, bank fraud and illegal campaign contributions. He also helped arrange non-disclosure agreements to Stormy Daniels and Karen McDougal who allegedly had affairs with Trump. Cohen pleaded guilty to eight counts of tax evasion and making false statement.(2018)[35][36][37][38][39][40]
    16. Paul Manafort (R) Campaign Manager for President Donald Trump (R), was charged with 18 counts of tax and bank fraud which involved keeping $65 million in foreign bank accounts and spending $15 million on himself. He was found guilty on 8 counts.[41][42][43][https://www.washingtonpost.com] | March 8, 2019 | Manafort was sentenced to 47 months in prison.[44]| March 13, 2019| Manafort was sentenced to another 43 months, for charges of federal conspiracy and obstruction. [45]

Legislative Branch

  • U.S. Representative Duncan Hunter (R-CA) and wife were indicted in federal court on dozens of charges, including wire fraud and using campaign funds for personal use.[46][47]
  • U.S. Representative Chris Collins (R-NY) was arrested by the FBI and charged with wire fraud, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, seven counts of securities fraud, and lying to the FBI.[48][49]
  • U.S. Representative Steve Stockman (R-TX) orchestrated a scheme to steal money from charitable foundations and the individuals who ran them. The funds were used to finance Stockman's campaigns and personal expenses. He was convicted on 23 felony counts of perjury, fraud and money laundering and sentenced to 10 years.(2018)[50][51][52]
    1. Jason T. Posey (R) Director of Special Projects and Campaign Treasurer for Stephen E. Stockman at the personal direction and supervision of Stockman, Posey took almost one million dollars from various sources and illegally funneled it into Stockman's 2014 Senate campaign. He pled guilty to mail fraud, wire fraud, money laundering and conduit contributions. (2013)&91;53&93;&91;54&93;
    2. Thomas Dodd (R) Special Assistant to Steve Stockman pled guilty to two conspiracy charges and agreed to cooperate with prosecutors. (2013)&91;53&93;&91;54&93;&91;55&93;
    3. U.S. Representative Blake Farenthold (R-TX) resigned in the wake of reports he used public funds to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit and had created an intensely hostile work environment for women in his congressional office.[56][57][58]
    4. U.S. Representative Pat Meehan (R-PA) resigned following the revelation that he used taxpayers' money to settle a sexual harassment claim brought by a female staff member.[59]
    5. US Representative Corrine Brown (D-FL) was found guilty of fraud for using $800K from a fake charity for her own personal use. She was sentenced to 5 years. (2018)[60][61][62]
    6. Ronnie Simmons (D) CoS to U.S. Representative Corrine Brown (D-FL) pled guilty to fraud.(2017)&91;63&93;&91;64&93;
    7. US Representative Timothy F. Murphy (R-PA), the married, anti-abortion congressman resigned just before an investigation could begin concerning his allegedly urging his mistress to seek an abortion. (2017)[65][66]
    8. US Representative Greg Gianforte (R-MT) body slammed political reporter Ben Jacobs, as part of his settlement with Jacobs, Gianforte donated $50,000 to the Committee to Protect Journalists.[67] Gianforte was then found guilty of assault and sentenced to 40 hours of community service, 20 hours of anger management, a 180-day deferred sentence, a $385 fine and court fee. (2017)[68][69][70][71][72][73]
    9. US Senator Al Franken (D-MN) resigned on January 2, 2018, after several accusations of sexual misconduct.[74]
    10. US Representative Trent Franks (R-AZ) from the 8th District abruptly resigned when confronted about sexual misconduct with his staff (2017).[75]
    11. Clint Reed (R) CoS for US Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) was fired for allegations of "improper conduct" and threats to withhold employment benefits from an unnamed subordinate. (2018)[76][77]

Judicial Branch

  • US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski, appointed by Ronald Reagan, retired following allegations of sexual misconduct from several women, including former clerks.[78]

Barack Obama administration (2009–2017)

Executive Branch

  • Katherine Archuleta, Director of the Office of Personnel Management, resigned on July 10, 2015, after cyber intrusions allowed the theft of data concerning 22 million people, some of whom had applied for sensitive security clearances.[79]
  • Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 – Officials in the Phoenix, VA hospital lied about how long the wait times were for veterans to see a doctor.[80][81][82] The newly selected Secretary of Veterans Affairs, General Eric Shinseki, voluntarily resigned.[83]
  • 2013 IRS scandal – IRS admitted to inappropriate investigation of conservative political groups associated with the Tea Party that may not have met the criteria for certain tax exemptions.[84] Later, it was found that the IRS investigated groups with the label "progressives" as well.[85][86][87][88][89] The president demanded and accepted the resignation of Steven T. Miller, Acting Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service. Other actions arising from the scandal included:
  1. Lois Lerner, head of the IRS Office of Exempt Organizations, stated she had not done anything wrong and then took the Fifth before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.&91;90&93; She retired in 2013 after an internal investigation found that she neglected her duties and was going to call for her ouster.&91;91&93;
  2. Joseph H. Grant, commissioner of the IRS Tax-exempt and Government Entities division, resigned on May 16, 2013.&91;92&93;
    • ATF gunwalking scandal – Attorney General Eric Holder (D) was held in Contempt of Congress after refusing to release all documents which the House of Representatives had demanded concerning the Fast and Furious gun walking operation. He did not resign and no charges were brought. (2012)[93]
    • Terence Flynn (R) an appointee of Barack Obama to the National Labor Relations Board, resigned in May 2012 after being accused of serious ethical violations by leaking information to the National Association of Manufacturers.[94]
    • Martha N. Johnson (D) head of the General Services Administration, fired two top GSA officials and then resigned herself after it was revealed that $822,000 had been spent in Las Vegas on a four-day training conference for 300 GSA employees. (2010)[95][96][97][98]
    • Petraeus scandal – On November 9, 2012, David Petraeus resigned as Director of the CIA after admitting having a sexual relationship with his biographer. On April 23, 2015, Petraeus pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of mishandling classified materials. He was given a two-year probationary period and a fine of $100,000.[99]

Legislative Branch

  • Chaka Fattah (D-PA) from Pennsylvania's 2nd district was found guilty on all 23 charges he faced, which included racketeering, money laundering and fraud.[100][101] He was sentenced to 10 years and resigned from Congress on June 23, 2016.[102][103]
  • Anthony Weiner (D-NY) from New York's 9th congressional district resigned from Congress in June 2011 when the first of what would become multiple sexting scandals were made public.[104]
  • David Wu (D-OR) for Oregon's 1st congressional district announced he would resign from Congress, four days after a report that a young woman called his office complaining of an "unwanted sexual encounter" with the congressman.[105]
  • Chris Lee (R-NY) for {{ushr|NY|26}} resigned after he solicited a woman on Craigslist and emailed a shirtless photo of himself. (2011)[106]
  • Dennis Hastert (R-IL) pleaded guilty to charges that he violated banking rules and lied to the FBI in a scheme to pay $3.5 million in hush money to conceal sexual misconduct with an underage boy from his days as a high school wrestling coach, from 1965 to 1981. (2015)[107][108][109]
  • Aaron Schock (R-IL) resigned from office after evidence surfaced that he used campaign funds for travel, redecorated his office with taxpayer funds to resemble the sets of the Downton Abbey TV series, and otherwise spent campaign and/or taxpayer money on other questionable personal uses. (2015)[110]
    • Benjamin Cole (R) Schock's senior adviser, had resigned earlier after he allegedly condemned "hood rats" and "black miscreants" in internet posts. Schock's office stated, "I am extremely disappointed by the inexcusable and offensive online comments made by a member of my staff."[111]
  • Brett O'Donnell, Communications Director for Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA), plead guilty to lying to investigators from the House Office of Congressional Ethics about working for Rodgers while being paid with campaign money, thus becoming the first person ever to be convicted of lying to the House OCE.[112]
  • Thaddeus McCotter (R-MI) resigned his Congressional seat. Four of his staff were convicted by the state of Michigan of falsifying signatures on McCotter's reelection petitions for the 2012 elections. Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette (R) blamed McCotter for running a slipshod, leaderless operation. "The congressman has resigned in disgrace", Schuette said, though McCotter was not charged.[113]
    1. Paul Seewald worked for McCotter as his District Director of the Michigan's 11th congressional district. He pleaded guilty to nine counts of falsely signing a nominating petition as circulator. He was sentenced to two years' probation and 100 hours of community service, and ordered to pay court costs and fees.&91;114&93;
    2. Don Yowchuang worked for McCotter as Deputy District Director of the Michigan 11th Congressional District. He pleaded guilty to ten counts of forgery and six counts of falsely signing a nominating petition and was sentenced to three years of probation, 200 hours of community service, court costs and fees.&91;115&93;
    3. Mary M. Turnbull was McCotter's Representative to the Michigan 11th Congressional District. She was convicted of conspiring to commit a legal act in an illegal manner and falsely signing a nominating petition. She was sentenced to two years of probation, a day in jail, and 200 hours of community service. Turnbull was also ordered to pay a $1,440 fine. In addition, she is forbidden from any participation in elections or the political process.&91;116&93;
    4. Lorianne O'Brady worked as a scheduler for McCotter in the Michigan 11th Congressional District. She pleaded no contest to charges that she falsely claimed to have legally collected signatures to get McCotter on the ballot when she actually had not. She was sentenced to 20 days in jail and a work program plus $2,625 in fines and court costs.&91;117&93;
    5. Senator Mitch McConnell's (R-KY) campaign manager Jesse Benton (R) resigned when details of a bribery scandal from Ron Paul's 2012 presidential campaign came to light. (2014).[118]
    6. David Rivera (R-FL) was indicted as a co-conspirator with Campaign Manager Ana Alliegro, who pleaded guilty to violation of US campaign laws in an $81,000 campaign-finance scheme to prop up a little-known Democratic candidate who used the illegal cash to trash Rivera's rival in the 2012 Democratic primary. Rivera was not convicted.[119][120]
    7. Ana Alliegro (R), the Campaign Manager for David Rivera (R-FL), pleaded guilty to violation of US campaign laws. She was given six months in jail and six months of house arrest plus two years of probation. (2014)&91;121&93;
    8. Rick Renzi (R-AZ) on June 12, 2013, was found guilty of 17 counts against him, which included wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, money laundering, and making false statements to insurance regulators.[122]
    9. Senator Mike Crapo (R-ID) was arrested on December 23, 2012, and later pleaded guilty to drinking and driving in a Virginia court. The court fined him $250. He was sentenced to 180 days in prison, but served no time.[123][124][125]
    10. Trey Radel (R-FL) was arrested on October 29, 2013, in Washington, D.C. for possession of cocaine after purchasing the drug from an undercover law enforcement officer. As a first-time offender, he pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor in a Washington, D.C. court, and was sentenced to one year of probation and fined $250. Radel took a leave of absence from office to undergo substance abuse treatment following his conviction. Following treatment, he initially returned to office with the intent of finishing his term, but eventually resigned on January 27, 2014.[126][127][128]
    11. Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (D-IL) pleaded guilty to one felony count of fraud for using $750,000 of campaign money to buy personal items such as stuffed animals, elk heads and fur capes.[129]
    12. Laura Richardson (D-CA) was found guilty on seven counts of violating US House rules by improperly using her staff to campaign for her, destroying the evidence and tampering with witness testimony. The House Ethics Committee ordered Richardson to pay a fine of $10,000. (2012)[130][131]
    13. John Ensign (R-NV) resigned his Senate seat on May 3, 2011, just before the Senate Ethics Committee could examine possible fiscal violations in connection with his extramarital affair with Cynthia Hampton. (2011)[132][133][134][135] (see Federal sex scandals) In May 2012, aide Doug Hampton (R) in what became the John Ensign scandal reached a plea deal with prosecutors, the details of which have not yet been released.[136]
    14. Michael Grimm (R-NY) pleaded guilty to tax fraud on December 23, 2014, and was sentenced to eight months in federal prison.[137]
    15. John Tate (R) Campaign Manager for Ron Paul (R-TX) was indicted for concealing over $73,000 in payments to Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson to convince him to flip his presidential endorsement from Michele Bachmann to Paul. He was convicted of conspiracy, causing false records, causing false campaign expenditure reports, and making false statements. He was sentenced to 6 months' home confinement, 2 years' probation and fined $10,000. (2016)[138]
    16. Dimitri Kesari Deputy Campaign Manager for Ron Paul (R-TX) was convicted of causing false records concerning charges of buying an Iowa State Senator's endorsement during the 2012 presidential campaign. (2012)[139][140]
    17. Fred Pagan (R) Office Administrator to US Senator Thad Cochran(R-MS) pled guilty to possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute and was sentenced to 30 months in prison. (2016)[141][142]
    18. Jesse Benton (R) Campaign Chairman for Ron Paul (R-TX) concealed over $73,000 in payments to Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson to convince him to flip his presidential endorsement from Michele Bachmann to Ron Paul. He was convicted of conspiracy, causing false records, causing false campaign expenditure reports, and making false statements. He was sentenced to 6 months' home confinement, fined $10,000 and 2 years' probation(2016)[143][144]
    19. Scott DesJarlais (R-TN) while running for re-election on a pro-life platform, it was discovered that he had made his wife have two abortions, and tried to persuade his mistress (who was also his patient), to have one as well. He also admitted under oath that while a married physician at Grandview Medical Center in Jasper, Tennessee, he had six affairs with three co-workers, two patients and a drug representative. He was investigated by the Tennessee Board of Health, pleaded guilty and was fined. (2012)[145][146]
    20. Robert Decheine (D) CoS to U.S. Representative Steve Rothman (D-NJ), was sentenced to 18 months in prison for soliciting sex from a minor. (2011)[147][148]
    21. Adam Kuhn (R) CoS to U.S. Representative Steve Stivers (R-OH), resigned abruptly after a former porn actress posted an explicit photo of his penis online. (2014)[149]
    22. Mike Crapo (R-ID) US Senator, pleaded guilty to a drunk driving charge on January 4, 2012, and was fined $250, and received a one-year suspension of his driver's license. (2012)[150][151]
    23. David Wihby (R) top aide to US Senator Kelly Ayotte (R-NH) resigned after he was arrested in a prostitution sting in Nashua. (2015)[152][153][154]

Judicial Branch

  • Alabama District Judge Mark E. Fuller (R) appointed by Republican George W. Bush was found guilty of domestic violence, sentenced to domestic training and forced to resign. (2015)[155][156][157]
  • Eastern Louisiana Federal Judge G. Thomas Porteous appointed by Democrat Bill Clinton, was unanimously impeached by the US House of Representatives on charges of bribery and perjury in March 2010. He was convicted by the US Senate and removed from office. (2010)[158][159]
  • Galveston, Texas Federal District Judge Samuel B. Kent (R) was sentenced to 33 months in prison for lying about sexually harassing two female employees. He had been appointed to office by President George H. W. Bush in 1990. Resigned after being impeached on June 10, 2009[160][161][162]
  • Senior Federal U.S. District Court Judge Jack T. Camp (R) for the Northern District of GA, who was appointed by Republican George W. Bush, was arrested while trying to purchase cocaine from an FBI agent. Pled guilty to three criminal charges and was sentenced to 30 days in jail, 400 hours' community service and fined.[163][164][165][166][167]
  • Federal Judge Richard F. Cebull (R) for the District of Montana, was found to have sent hundreds of racist and sexist emails. After an investigation led to calls for his impeachment, Cebull took senior status and then resigned. (2013)[168][169][170][171][172]

George W. Bush administration (2001–2009)

Executive Branch

  • Joseph E. Schmitz (R) was nominated by President George W. Bush (R) to be Defense Department Inspector General on June 18, 2001. He resigned on September 9, 2005, in the wake of several allegations by Senator Charles Grassley (R-Iowa), including that he had obstructed the FBI investigation of John A. Shaw.[173][174][175][176]
  • Walter Reed Army Medical Center neglect scandal (2007) about substandard conditions for wounded soldiers at Walter Reed Army Medical Center including long delays in treatment, rodent infestation and outbreaks of mold resulted in the relief of three senior staff;
    1. Francis J. Harvey (R) Secretary of the Army, appointed by G. W. Bush, resigned&91;177&93;&91;178&93;&91;179&93;
    2. Maj. Gen. George Weightman ( ) was fired for failures linked to the scandal&91;180&93;&91;181&93;&91;182&93;&91;183&93;
    3. Lt. Gen. Kevin C. Kiley (R) appointed by G. W. Bush, was relieved of command resigned for failures linked to the scandal.&91;184&93;&91;185&93;
  • Felipe Sixto was appointed by President George W. Bush to be his Special Assistant for Intergovernmental Affairs as well as Duty Director at the Office of Public Liaison. He resigned a few weeks later on March 20, 2008, because of his misuse of grant money from the U.S. Agency for International Development when he had worked for the Center for a Free Cuba.[186] He was sentenced to 30 months in prison for stealing almost $600,000 for personal use.[187]
  • Timothy Goeglein, Special Assistant to President Bush, resigned in 2008 when it was discovered that more than twenty of his columns had been plagiarized from an Indiana newspaper.[188]
  • Scott Bloch was appointed by President George W. Bush to head the United States Office of Special Counsel. On April 27, 2010, Bloch pleaded guilty to criminal contempt of Congress for "willfully and unlawfully withholding pertinent information from a House committee investigating his decision to have several government computers wiped...."[189] On February 2, Magistrate Judge Deborah A. Robinson ruled that Bloch faces a mandatory sentence of at least one month in prison.[190][191]
  • Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney (R), was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in the Plame affair on March 6, 2007. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined $250,000. The sentence was commuted by George W. Bush on July 1, 2007. The felony remains on Libby's record, though the jail time and fine were commuted.[192][193] President Donald Trump fully pardoned Libby on April 13, 2018.[194][195]
  • Alphonso Jackson, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, resigned while under investigation by the Justice Department for alleged cronyism and favoritism[196]
  • Karl Rove, Senior Adviser to President George W. Bush, was investigated by the Office of Special Counsel for "improper political influence over government decision-making", as well as for his involvement in several other scandals such as Lawyergate, Bush White House email controversy and Plame affair. He resigned in April 2007. (See Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration)[197]
  • Richard J. Griffin, the Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security appointed by George W. Bush who made key decisions regarding the department's oversight of private security contractor Blackwater USA, resigned in November 2007, after a critical review by the House Oversight Committee found that his office had failed to adequately supervise private contractors during the Blackwater Baghdad shootings protecting U.S. diplomats in Iraq.[198]
  • Republican contributor Howard Krongard[199] was appointed Inspector General of the US State Department by President George W. Bush in 2005.[200] was accused by the House Oversight Committee of improperly interfering with investigations into private security contractor Blackwater USA concerning the Blackwater Baghdad shootings. Krongard resigned in December 2007.[201][202]
  • "Lawyergate"[203] or the Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy refers to President Bush firing, without explanation, eleven Republican federal prosecutors whom he himself had appointed. It is alleged that they were fired for prosecuting Republicans and not prosecuting Democrats.[204][205] When Congressional hearings were called, a number of senior Justice Department officials cited executive privilege and refused to testify under oath and instead resigned, including:
  1. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales&91;206&93;
  2. Karl Rove, Advisor to President Bush&91;207&93;
#
//Harriet Miers">Harriet Miers, Legal Counsel to President Bush, was found in Contempt of Congress[210]
  1. Michael A. Battle, Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys in the Justice Department&91;208&93;
#
//Bradley Schlozman">Bradley Schlozman, Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys who replaced Battle[209]
  1. Michael Elston, Chief of Staff to Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty&91;210&93;
  2. Paul McNulty, Deputy Attorney General to William Mercer&91;211&93;
  3. William W. Mercer, Associate Attorney General to Alberto Gonzales&91;212&93;
  4. Kyle Sampson, Chief of Staff to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales&91;208&93;
  5. Monica Goodling, Liaison between President Bush and the Justice Department&91;213&93;
  6. Joshua Bolten, Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush was found in Contempt of Congress&91;214&93;
  7. Sara M. Taylor, Aide to Presidential Advisor Karl Rove&91;215&93;
    • Bush White House email controversy – During the Lawyergate investigation it was discovered that the Bush administration used Republican National Committee (RNC) web servers for millions of emails which were then destroyed, lost or deleted in possible violation of the Presidential Records Act and the Hatch Act. George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Karl Rove, Andrew Card, Sara Taylor and Scott Jennings all used RNC webservers for the majority of their emails. Of 88 officials investigated, 51 showed no emails at all.[216] As many as five million emails requested by Congressional investigators were therefore unavailable, lost, or deleted.[217]
    • Lurita Alexis Doan (R) Administrator of General Services, investigated for "the most pernicious of political activity" at work. The team also recommended she be "disciplined to the fullest extent." Among other things she asked GSA employees how they could "help Republican candidates". She resigned. (2000)[218][219][220][221]
    • J. Steven Griles (R) Deputy to the Secretary of the Interior pled guilty to obstruction of justice and was sentenced to 10 months.[222][223][224]
    • John Korsmo, chairman of the Federal Housing Finance Board, pleaded guilty to lying to congress and sentenced to 18 months of unsupervised probation and fined $5,000. (2005)[225][226]
    • Darleen A. Druyun was the Principal Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force nominated by George W. Bush.[227] She pleaded guilty to inflating the price of contracts to favor her future employer, Boeing. In October 2004, she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000, given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service. She began her prison term on January 5, 2005.[228] CBS News called it "the biggest Pentagon scandal in 20 years" and said that she pleaded guilty to a felony.[229]
    • Philip Cooney (R) Bush appointed to chair the Council on Environmental Quality, was accused of editing government climate reports to emphasize doubts about global warming.[230] Two days later, Cooney announced his resignation[231] and later conceded his role in altering reports. Stating "My sole loyalty was to the President and advancing the policies of his administration".[232][233]
    • Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal was a prominent Republican lobbyist with close ties to administration legislators, officials and staff who offered bribes as part of his lobbying efforts. Abramoff was sentenced to 4 years in prison.[234][235] See also Georeg W. Bush Legislative Branch for 11 legislators and staff caught in the investigation. Executive Branch personnel involved include;
  1. David Safavian (R) CoS of the GSA (General Services Administration) was convicted of making false statements as part of the Jack Abramoff lobbying and corruption scandal and was sentenced to one year in prison. (2005)&91;236&93;&91;237&93; found guilty of blocking justice and lying,&91;238&93; and sentenced to 18 months&91;239&93;
  2. Roger Stillwell (R) staff in the Department of the Interior, pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence.&91;240&93;
  3. Susan B. Ralston (R) Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to Karl Rove, resigned on October 6, 2006, after it became known that she accepted gifts and passed information to her former boss Jack Abramoff.&91;241&93;
  4. J. Steven Griles (R) Deputy to the Secretary of the Interior pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and was sentenced to 10 months&91;222&93;
  5. Italia Federici (R) staff to the Secretary of the Interior and President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, pled guilty to tax evasion and obstruction of justice. She was sentenced to four years' probation.&91;242&93;&91;243&93;&91;244&93;
  6. Jared Carpenter (R) Vice President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, was discovered during the Abramoff investigation and pled guilty to income tax evasion. He got 45 days, plus 4 years' probation.&91;245&93;
  7. Mark Zachares (R) staff in the Department of Labor, bribed by Abramoff, guilty of conspiracy to defraud.&91;235&93;
  8. Robert E. Coughlin (R) Deputy Chief of Staff of the Criminal Division of the Justice Department, pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from Jack Abramoff. (2008)&91;246&93;
    • Kyle Foggo (R) CIA Executive Director was convicted of honest services fraud in the awarding of a government contract and sentenced to 37 months in federal prison at Pine Knot, Kentucky. On September 29, 2008, Foggo pleaded guilty to one count of the indictment, admitting that while he was the CIA executive director, he acted to steer a CIA contract to the firm of his lifelong friend, Brent R. Wilkes.[247]
    • Julie MacDonald (R) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior, resigned on May 1, 2007, after giving government documents to developers (2007)[248]
    • Claude Allen (R) appointed as an advisor by President Bush (R) on Domestic Policy, was arrested for a series of felony thefts in retail stores. He was convicted on one count and resigned soon after.[249]
    • Lester Crawford, Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, resigned after two months. He pleaded guilty to conflict of interest and received a 3-year suspended sentence and fined $90,000 (2006)[250]
    • The 2003 Invasion of Iraq depended on intelligence that Saddam Hussein was developing "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs) meaning nuclear, chemical and/or biological weapons for offensive use. As revealed by The (British) Downing Street memo "Bush wanted to remove Saddam, through military action, justified by the conjunction of terrorism and WMD. But the intelligence and the facts were being fixed around the policy" The press called this the "smoking gun". (2005)[251]
    • Yellowcake forgery – Just before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Bush administration presented evidence to the UN that Iraq was seeking material (yellowcake uranium) in Africa for making nuclear weapons. Though presented as true, it was later found to be not only dubious, but outright false.[252][253]
    • Coalition Provisional Authority Cash Payment Scandal – On June 20, 2005, the staff of the Committee on Government Reform prepared a report for Congressman Henry Waxman.[254] It was revealed that $12 billion in cash had been delivered to Iraq by C-130 planes, on shrinkwrapped pallets of US$100 bills.[255] The United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, concluded that "Many of the funds appear to have been lost to corruption and waste.... Some of the funds could have enriched both criminals and insurgents...." Henry Waxman, commented, "Who in their right mind would send 363 tons of cash into a war zone?" A single flight to Iraq on December 12, 2003, which contained $1.5 billion in cash is said to be the largest single Federal Reserve payout in US history.[256][257][258]
    • Bush administration payment of columnists were done with federal funds to say nice things about Republican policies. Illegal payments were made to journalists Armstrong Williams, Maggie Gallagher and Michael McManus (2004–2005)[259]
    • John A. Shaw (R) was appointed by George W. Bush as Under Secretary of Defense.[260] He was investigated on corruption although charges were never filed against him, he was asked to resign in 2004.[261] When he refused to resign, he was fired by the Bush administration on December 10, 2004.[262][263][264]
    • The Bernard Kerik nomination in 2004 as Secretary of Homeland Security was derailed by past employment of an illegal alien as a nanny, and other improprieties. On November 4, 2009, he pleaded guilty to two counts of tax fraud and five counts of lying to the federal government and was sentenced to four years in prison.[265]
    • Plame affair – CIA agent Valerie Plame's name was leaked by Richard Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State, to the press in retaliation for her husband's criticism of the reports used by George W. Bush to legitimize the Iraq war.[266] Armitage admitted he was the leak[267] but no wrongdoing was found.
    • Thomas A. Scully, administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), withheld information from Congress about the projected cost of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, and allegedly threatened to fire Medicare's chief actuary, Richard Foster, if Foster provided the data to Congress. (2003)[268][269] A few days after the bill was signed, Scully resigned (2003)
    • NSA warrantless surveillance – Shortly after the September 11 attacks in 2001, President George W. Bush (R) implemented a secret program by the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on domestic telephone calls by American citizens without warrants, thus by-passing the FISA court which must approve all such actions. (2002)[270] In 2010, Federal Judge Vaughn Walker ruled this practice to be illegal.[271]
    • Janet Rehnquist (daughter of former Chief Justice William Rehnquist) was the appointed Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services by George W. Bush. In 2002, Governor Jeb Bush's (R-FL) Chief of Staff Kathleen Shanahan asked Rehnquist to delay auditing a $571 million federal overpayment to the State of Florida. Rehnquist ordered her staff to delay the investigation for five months until after the Florida elections. When Congress began an investigation into the matter, Rehnquist resigned in March 2003, saying she wanted to spend more time with her family.[272][273]{{failed verification|date=June 2017}}[274][274][275][276]
    • John Yoo, an attorney in the Office of Legal Counsel inside the Justice Department who, worked closely with vice president Dick Cheney and the Bush Six,[277] He wrote memos stating the right of the president to –
  1. suspend sections of the ABM Treaty without informing Congress&91;278&93;
  2. bypass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act allowing warrantless wiretapping of US Citizens within the United States by the National Security Agency.&91;278&93;
  3. state that the First Amendment and Fourth Amendments and the Takings Clause do not apply to the president in time of war as defined in the USA Patriot Act&91;278&93;
  4. allow enhanced interrogation techniques (torture) because provisions of the War Crimes Act, the Third Geneva Convention, and the Torture convention do not apply.&91;278&93;

Many of his memos have since been repudiated and reversed.[278][279] Later review by the Justice Department reported that Yoo and Jay Bybee used "poor judgement" in the memos, but no charges were filed.[280]

  • Carl Truscott (R) Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, was appointed in 2004 but was soon under investigation for his management style and allegations of lavish spending and misuse of resources, including requiring a large number of agents as personal security, allocating hundreds of thousands of dollars of expensive upgrades to the ATF HQ building, adding a new garage to his house, detailing 20 agents to help with his nephew's high school project and other examples of poor financial judgment. Truscott resigned as the ATF Director on August 4, 2006.[281][282][283]
  • John David Roy Atchison (R), Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Florida, was arrested for intentions of having sex with a five-year-old. Atchison committed suicide before trial while in custody(2007)[284][285][286]
  • Ken Mehlman (R), Manager of George W. Bush's Campaign for Re-election and Chairman of the Republican National Committee, which had proposed a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, came out in August 2010 and admitted that he was gay.[287] In an interview, journalist Marc Ambinder noted that Mehlman's roles with the RNC and the Bush campaign "coincided with the Republican Party's attempts to exploit anti-gay prejudices and cement the allegiance of social conservatives".[288] Mehlman stated that he deeply regretted his role in the campaign's push for a constitutional amendment that would have banned gay marriage.[289]

Legislative Branch

  • US senatorial candidate James W. Treffinger (R-NJ) pleaded guilty in 2003 to corruption and fraud as Chief Executive of Essex County and ordered to pay $30,000 in restitution and serve 13 months in jail.[290]
  • Senator Ted Stevens (R-AK) was convicted of seven counts of bribery and tax evasion October 27, 2008. He then lost re-election. Newly appointed US Attorney General Eric Holder dismissed the charges "in the interest of justice" stating that the Justice Department had illegally withheld evidence from defense counsel.[291]
  • Charles Rangel (D-NY) failed to report $75,000 income from the rental of his villa in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic and was forced to pay $11,000 in back taxes. (September 2008)[292]
  • Rick Renzi (R-AZ) announced he would not seek another term.[293] He was later sentenced to three years in prison after conviction on federal corruption charges of extortion, bribery, insurance fraud, money laundering and racketeering related to a 2005 money-laundering scheme that netted the Flagstaff Republican more than $700,000. (2005)[294]
  • Mark Foley (R-FL) resigned on September 29, 2006, after sending sexually explicit messages to former Congressional pages.[295]
  • Frank Ballance (D-NC) admitted to a federal charge of money laundering and mail fraud in October 2005 and sentenced to 4 years in prison.[296]
  • Tom DeLay (R-TX) US Representative and House Majority Leader, served from 1985 to 2006 when he resigned his position to undergo trial for conspiring to launder corporate money into political donations and money laundering during the 2002 elections. On November 24, 2010, DeLay was found guilty[297] and was sentenced to three years in prison and 10 years' probation, respectively. The ruling was overturned on appeal.[298] On September 19, 2013, the conviction was overturned.[299]
  • Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal (R) The lobbyist found guilty of conspiracy, tax evasion and corruption of public officials in three different courts in a wide-ranging investigation. He served 70 months and was fined $24.7 million.[300] See George W. bush, Executive Branch for eight others caught in the investigation. Legislators and staff involved include;
  1. Tom DeLay (R-TX) US Representative and House Majority Leader was reprimanded twice by the House Ethics Committee and his aides indicted (2004–2005); eventually DeLay himself was investigated in October 2005 in connection with the Abramoff scandal, but not indicted. DeLay resigned from the House June 9, 2006.&91;301&93; DeLay was found to have illegally channeled funds from Americans for a Republican Majority to Republican state legislator campaigns. He was convicted of two counts of money laundering and conspiracy in 2010.&91;302&93; His conviction was oveturned on appeal.
  2. Michael Scanlon (R) Communications Director to Tom DeLay, worked for Abramoff and pled guilty to bribery.&91;234&93;&91;235&93;
  3. Tony Rudy (R) Deputy CoS to Tom DeLay, pleaded guilty to conspiracy.&91;235&93;
  4. Jim Ellis (R) Executive Director of Tom DeLay's Political Action Committee Americans for a Republican Majority (ARMPAC), was found guilty of money laundering.&91;303&93;&91;304&93;
  5. John Colyandro (R) Executive Director of Tom DeLay's political action committee, Texans for a Republican Majority (TRMPAC), was indicted by Texas for money laundering&91;303&93;
  6. Bob Ney (R-OH) US Representative pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors. Ney received 30 months in prison.&91;235&93;&91;305&93;
  7. William Heaton (R) CoS to Bob Ney, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit fraud&91;306&93; admitting to conspiring with Ney, Jack Abramoff and others to accept vacations, meals, tickets, and contributions to Ney's campaign in exchange for Ney benefitting Abramoff's clients. (2006)&91;307&93;
  8. Neil Volz (R) former CoS to Bob Ney, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy in 2006 charges stemming from his work for Bob Ney. In 2007 he was sentenced to two years' probation, 100 hours' community service, and a fine of $2,000.&91;308&93;
  9. John Albaugh (R) former CoS to Ernest Istook (R-OK), pled guilty to accepting bribes connected to the Federal Highway Bill. Istook was not charged. (2008)&91;309&93;
  10. James Hirni (R) former staff to Tim Hutchinson (R-AR), was charged with wire fraud for giving a staffer for Don Young (R) of Alaska a bribe in exchange for amendments to the Federal Highway Bill. (2008)&91;310&93;
  11. Kevin A. Ring (R) former staff to John Doolittle (R-CA), was convicted of five charges of corruption and honset services fraud. sentenced to 20 months.&91;311&93;&91;312&93;
  • Cunningham scandal named after Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R-CA) US Representative, pleaded guilty on November 28, 2005, to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion. Sentenced to over eight years.[313]
    1. Mitchell Wade private contractor and "co-conspirator" with Cunningham
    2. Kyle Foggo Director of the CIA and friend to Wilkes, convicted of fraud
    3. Brent R. Wilkes private contractor
  • Tan Nguyen (R-CA) US Representative candidate for the 47th District, was convicted of voter intimidation. He lost the election and was sentenced to one year in prison and six months in a halfway house. (2006)[314]
  • Cynthia McKinney (D-GA) US Representative, struck a U.S. Capitol Police officer in the chest after he attempted to stop her from going around a security checkpoint. McKinney apologized on the floor of the House and no charges were filed (March 29, 2006)[315]
  • William J. Jefferson (D-LA) US Representative had $90,000 in cash in his home freezer seized by the FBI in August 2005. He was re-elected anyway, but lost in 2008. Jefferson was convicted of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years on November 13, 2009, and his chief of staff Brett Pfeffer was sentenced to 84 months in a related case.[316][317]
  • Bill Janklow (R-SD) was convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. He resigned from the House and was given 100 days in the county jail and three years' probation (2003)[318]
  • Robert Torricelli (D-NJ) Senator spent 14 years in the House and one term in the Senate. Torricelli declined to run again when accused of taking illegal contributions from Korean businessman David Chang. (2002)[319]
  • Jim Traficant (D-OH) was found guilty on ten felony counts of financial corruption and was sentenced to 8 years in prison and expelled from the House. (2002)[320]
  • John E. Sweeney (R-NY) US Rep from 20th US District, was arrested in 2007 and again in 2009 for DWI. He was sentenced to 23 days in jail with 3 years' probation. (2009)[321][322]

Bill Clinton administration (1993–2001)

Executive Branch

  • President Bill Clinton (D) was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury and obstruction of justice for lying under oath about consensual sexual relations with a member of his staff Monica Lewinsky. Clinton was acquitted by the Senate and remained in office for the rest of his term. Clinton subsequently was cited for contempt of court and agreed to a five-year suspension of his Arkansas law license (1998).[323][324]
  • Ronald Blackley (D) Chief of Staff to the Secretary of Agriculture Mike Espy, was sentenced to 27 months for perjury. Secretary Espy was found innocent on all counts.[325]
  • David Watkins (D) Director of the Office of Administration used the White House helicopter, Marine One, to fly to a nearby golf course for an afternoon game. Ostensibly to check out security issues, Watkins later admitted it was just to play golf and resigned. (1994)[326]
  • Darleen A. Druyun (D), Principal Deputy United States Under Secretary of the Air Force.[327] She pleaded guilty to inflating the price of contracts to favor her future employer, Boeing. In October 2004, she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000, given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service. (2005).[328] CBS News called it "the biggest Pentagon scandal in 20 years" and said that she pleaded guilty to a felony.[329]
  • Catalina Vasquez Villalpando (R) US Treasurer, convicted of obstruction and tax evasion. She was sentenced to 4 months and fined.(1994)[330][331][332]

Legislative Branch

  • Newt Gingrich (R-GA), the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, was charged $300,000 in sanctions by the majority Republican House ethics committee for an unethical book deal[333] leading to his eventual resignation from office. (1997)[334]
  • Barbara-Rose Collins (D-MI) was found to have committed eleven violations of law and house rules stemming from use of campaign funds for personal use.[335]
  • Wes Cooley (R-OR) was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years' probation. (1997)[336][337]
  • US Representative Dan Burton (R-IN) and a combative critic of the Clinton/Lewinsky affair, admitted that he had fathered a child out of wedlock. (1998)[338]
  • Austin Murphy (D-PA) was convicted of engaging in voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home.[339]
  • Nicholas Mavroules (D-MA) pleaded guilty to bribery charges.[340]
  • Bob Packwood (R-OR) was accused of sexual misconduct by nineteen women. He fought the allegations, but eventually, the US Senate Ethics Committee found him guilty of a "pattern of abuse of his position of power and authority" and recommended that he be expelled from the Senate. He resigned on September 7, 1995.[341]
  • Lawrence J. Smith (D-FL) pleaded guilty to one count of tax evasion and one count of filing false campaign reports on August 3, 1993. He was sentenced to three months in prison.[342]
  • House banking scandal[343] – The House of Representatives Bank found that 450 members had overdrawn their checking accounts, but had not been penalized. Six were convicted of charges, most only tangentially related to the House Bank itself. Twenty two more of the most prolific over-drafters were singled out by the House Ethics Committee. (1992)[344]
    1. Buzz Lukens (R-OH) was convicted of bribery and conspiracy.&91;345&93;
    2. Carl C. Perkins (D-KY) pleaded guilty to a check-kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).&91;345&93;
    3. Carroll Hubbard (D-KY) was convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.&91;346&93;
    4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-OH) was charged with seven felonies, but pleaded guilty only to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.&91;345&93;
    5. Walter Fauntroy (D-DC) was convicted of filing false disclosure forms in order to hide unauthorized income.&91;345&93;
    6. Jack Russ, House Sergeant-at-Arms, was convicted of three counts.&91;345&93;
    7. The Congressional Post Office scandal (1991–1995) was a conspiracy to embezzle House Post Office money through stamps and postal vouchers to congressmen.[347]
    8. Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison in 1995.&91;348&93;
    9. Joe Kolter (D-PA) was convicted of one count of conspiracy&91;349&93; and sentenced to 6 months in prison.&91;350&93;
    10. Postmaster Robert V. Rota was convicted of one count of conspiracy and two counts of embezzlement.&91;347&93;
    11. Jay C. Kim (R-CA) plea guilty in 1997 to accepting $230,000 in illegal foreign and corporate campaign donations, including one-third of all donations to his initial 1992 campaign for Congress after a long term running FBI Investigation in Los Angeles, CA. At the time, it was a record for campaign violations. Kim was sentenced to House arrest and fined $20,000, and subsequently lost re-election in the 1998 Republican Primary Election for the 41st Congressional District in California. (1997)[351]
    12. US Representative Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) was found guilty of failure to properly report campaign contributions and fined. (1996)[352]
    13. Rhonda Carmony (R) Campaign Manager and wife of State Representative Dana Rohrabacher (R) was the key instigator of a Republican effort to manipulate the 67th District election by fostering the candidacy of decoy candidate Laurie Campbell (D) to undermine the candidacy of popular Democrat Linda Moulton-Patterson. Carmony pled guilty and was sentenced to three years of probation and 300 hours of community service and was fined. (1996)&91;353&93;&91;354&93;
    14. Jack Wenpo Wu (R) Campaign Treasurer for Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) US Representative, embezzled over $300K. He was repaying the money when he was found guilty and sentenced to 1 year and 5 years probation (2015)&91;355&93;&91;356&93;
    15. Enid Greene Mickelsen (Waldholtz) (R) U.S. Representative, was found guilty on four counts of violating FEC rules and paid $100,000 in fines for campaign violations. (1994)&91;357&93;
    16. Joe Waldholtz (R) Campaign Manager and husband of Enid Greene Waldholtz (R) pled guilty to federal charges of tax, bank, and campaign fraud, embezzling and forgery(1995)&91;358&93; and then, while out on parole, was subsequently convicted of forging insurance and Veterans Affairs checks from his stepmother and his late father.&91;359&93;&91;360&93;

George H. W. Bush administration (1989–1993)

Executive Branch

  • President George H. W. Bush (R) denied any knowledge of the Iran–Contra affair during his election campaign by saying he was "out of the loop". His own diaries of that time, though, stated "I'm one of the few people that know fully the details ..." He repeatedly refused to disclose this to investigators during the investigation and thus won the election. (1988)[361]
  • Catalina Vasquez Villalpando (R), Treasurer of the United States, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and tax evasion, making her the only US Treasurer ever sent to prison. (1992)[362]
  • Iran-Contra Affair pardons – On December 24, 1992, George H. W. Bush (R) granted clemency to four convicted government officials as well as Caspar Weinberger and Duane Clarridge, whose trials had not yet begun. This action prevented any further investigation into the matter.[363]
    1. Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defense under Ronald Reagan, pardoned before trial&91;364&93;
    2. Robert C. McFarlane, National Security Advisor to Ronald Reagan, guilty of withholding information,&91;364&93;
    3. Elliott Abrams, Assistant Secretary of State to Ronald Reagan, guilty of withholding information,&91;364&93;
    4. Clair George, CIA Chief of Covert Ops, guilty of perjury&91;364&93;
    5. Alan D. Fiers, Chief of the CIA's Central American Task Force, guilty of withholding information&91;364&93;
    6. Duane Clarridge, CIA Operations Officer, pardoned before trial&91;364&93;

Legislative Branch

  • Albert Bustamante (D-TX) was convicted of accepting bribes.[365]
  • Lawrence J. Smith (D-FL) pleaded guilty to tax fraud and lying to federal election officials[366] and served three months in jail, fined $5,000, 2 years' probation and back taxes of $40,000[367]
  • Senator David Durenberger (R-MN) was denounced by the Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred in 1990. He pleaded guilty to misuse of public funds and was given one year's probation. (1995)[368]
  • Donald E. "Buz" Lukens (R-OH) was convicted of contributing to the delinquency of a minor for having sex with a 16-year-old girl. He was sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined $500. (1989)[369]

Judicial Branch

  • Clarence Thomas (R), Supreme Court nominee, was accused of sexual harassment by eight former employees including Anita Hill, but was approved anyway.[370]
  • Walter Nixon, US Judge, was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for perjury on November 3, 1989.[371]
  • Robert Frederick Collins (D) Judge of the US District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana appointed by Jimmy Carter (D). He was charged with obstruction and accepting bribe money in exchange for a light sentence given to a drug dealer. $17,500 in marked bills was found in his chambers. He was sentenced to five years in prison and disbarred. (1991)[372][373][374]

Ronald Reagan administration (1981–1989)

Executive Branch

  • Operation Ill Wind was a three-year investigation launched in 1986 by the FBI into corruption by U.S. government and military officials, as well as private defense contractors.
    1. Melvyn Paisley, appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1981 by Republican President Ronald Reagan,&91;375&93; was found to have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes. He pleaded guilty to bribery, resigned his office and served four years in prison.&91;376&93;&91;377&93;
    2. James E. Gaines Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy, took over when Paisley resigned his office.&91;378&93; He was convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, and theft and conversion of government property. He was sentenced to six months in prison.&91;379&93;
    3. Victor D. Cohen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, was the 50th conviction obtained under the Ill Wind probe when he pleaded guilty to accepting bribes and conspiring to defraud the government.&91;380&93;
  • The Housing and Urban Development scandal concerned bribery by selected contractors for low income housing projects.[381][382]
    1. Samuel Pierce, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, was not charged because he made "full and public written acceptance of responsibility".&91;383&93;
    2. James G. Watt, the Secretary of Interior from 1981–1983, was charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice, sentenced to five years' probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service&91;384&93;
    3. Deborah Gore Dean (R), Executive Assistant to Samuel Pierce (Secretary of HUD from 1981–1987, and not charged), was convicted of 12 counts of perjury, conspiracy, bribery. Sentenced to 21 months in prison. (1987)&91;385&93;
    4. Phillip D. Winn, Assistant Secretary of HUD from 1981–1982, pleaded guilty to bribery in 1994.&91;385&93;
    5. Thomas Demery, Assistant Secretary of HUD, pleaded guilty to bribery and obstruction.&91;385&93;
    6. Joseph A. Strauss, Special Assistant to the Secretary of HUD, was convicted of accepting payments to favor Puerto Rican land developers in receiving HUD funding.&91;386&93;&91;387&93;
    7. Silvio D. DeBartolomeis was convicted of perjury and bribery.&91;388&93;
    8. Wedtech scandal – Wedtech Corporation was convicted of bribery for Defense Department contracts.
    9. Edwin Meese (R) Attorney General resigned, but was never convicted.&91;389&93;
    10. Lyn Nofziger (R) White House Press Secretary had a conviction of lobbying that was overturned.&91;390&93;
    11. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) was sentenced to 2½ years in prison.&91;391&93;
    12. Savings and loan scandal – 747 institutions failed and had to be rescued with $160,000,000,000 of taxpayer monies in connection with the Keating Five. see Legislative scandals.[392]
    13. John M. Fedders (R) SEC Dir of Enforcement, in divorce testimony he admitted beating his wife and then resigned. (1985)[393][394]
    14. Emanuel S. Savas, appointed by Ronald Reagan to be Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, resigned on July 8, 1983, after an internal Justice Department investigation found he had abused his office by having his Government staff work on his private book on Government time.[395][396]
    15. Iran-Contra Affair (1985–1986) – In violation of an arms embargo, administration officials arranged to sell armaments to Iran in an attempt to improve relations with Iran and obtain their influence in the release of hostages held in Lebanon. Oliver North of the National Security Council then diverted proceeds from the arms sale to fund Contra rebels attempting to overthrow the left-wing government of Nicaragua, which was in direct violation of Congress' Boland Amendment.[397] Ronald Reagan appeared on TV stating there was no "arms for hostages" deal, but was later forced to admit, also on TV, that yes, there indeed had been:
    16. Caspar Weinberger (R) Secretary of Defense, was indicted on two counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice on June 16, 1992.&91;398&93; Weinberger received a pardon from George H. W. Bush on December 24, 1992, before he was tried.&91;399&93;
    17. William Casey (R) Director of the CIA is thought to have conceived the plan, but was stricken ill hours before he would testify. Reporter Bob Woodward records that Casey knew of and approved the plan.&91;400&93;
    18. Robert C. McFarlane National Security Adviser was convicted of withholding evidence, but after a plea bargain was given only two years' probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush&91;401&93;
    19. Elliott Abrams (R) Assistant Secretary of State, was convicted of withholding evidence, but after a plea bargain was given only two years' probation. He was later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush&91;402&93;&91;403&93;
    20. Alan D. Fiers Chief of the CIA's Central American Task Force, was convicted of withholding evidence and sentenced to one year's probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush&91;404&93;
    21. Clair George Chief of Covert Ops-CIA was convicted on two charges of perjury, but was pardoned by President George H. W. Bush before sentencing.&91;405&93;
    22. Oliver North (R) Deputy Director of the National Security Council, was convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and destruction of documents, but the convictions were vacated, after the appeals court found that witnesses in his trial might have been impermissibly affected by his immunized congressional testimony.&91;406&93;
    23. Fawn Hall, Oliver North's secretary, was given immunity from prosecution on charges of conspiracy and destroying documents in exchange for her testimony.&91;407&93;
    24. John Poindexter (R) National Security Advisor, was convicted of five counts of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury, defrauding the government, and the alteration and destruction of evidence. The Supreme Court overturned this ruling.&91;408&93;
    25. Duane Clarridge Ex-CIA senior official, was indicted in November 1991 on seven counts of perjury and false statements relating to a November 1985 shipment to Iran. He was pardoned before trial by President George H. W. Bush.&91;409&93;&91;410&93;
    26. Richard V. Secord an ex-major general in the Air Force, who organized the Iran arms sales and Contra aid, pleaded guilty in November 1989 to making false statements to Congress. He was sentenced to two years of probation.&91;411&93;&91;412&93;
    27. Albert Hakim Businessman, pleaded guilty in November 1989 to supplementing the salary of Oliver North by buying him a $13,800 fence. Hakim was given two years of probation and a $5,000 fine, while his company, Lake Resources Inc. was ordered to dissolve.&91;411&93;&91;413&93;
    28. Thomas G. Clines a former intelligence official, who became an arms dealer, was convicted in September 1990 on four income tax counts, including under-reporting of income to the IRS and lying about not having foreign accounts. He was sentenced to 16 months of prison and fined $40,000.&91;411&93;&91;414&93;
    29. Carl R. Channell (R) a fund-raiser for conservative causes, pleaded guilty in April 1987 to defrauding the IRS via a tax-exempt organization to fund the Contras.&91;415&93; He was sentenced to two years' probation.&91;411&93;&91;416&93;
    30. Richard R. Miller associate to Carl R. Channell, pleaded guilty in May 1987 to defrauding the IRS via a tax-exempt organization led by Channell. More precisely, he pleaded guilty to lying to the IRS about the deductibility of donations to the organization. Some of the donations were used to fund the Contras.&91;417&93; Sentenced to two years of probation and 120 hours of community service.&91;411&93;
    31. Joseph F. Fernandez CIA Station Chief of Costa Rica, was indicted on five counts in 1988.&91;418&93; The case was dismissed when Attorney General Dick Thornburgh refused to declassify information needed for his defense in 1990.&91;419&93;
  • Michael Deaver (R) Deputy Chief of Staff to Ronald Reagan from 1981–1985, pleaded guilty to perjury related to lobbying activities and was sentenced to three years' probation and fined $100,000.[420]
  • Sewergate was a scandal in which funds from the EPA were selectively used for projects which would aid politicians friendly to the Reagan administration.
    1. Anne Gorsuch, the Burford Head of the EPA, cut the EPA staff by 22% and refused to turn over documents to Congress citing "executive privilege",&91;421&93; whereupon she was found in Contempt and resigned with twenty of her top employees. (1980)&91;422&93;
    2. Rita Lavelle, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator, misused "superfund" monies and was convicted of perjury. She served six months in prison, was fined $10,000 and given five years' probation.&91;423&93;
  • Louis O. Giuffrida (R), director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, was appointed in April 1981 by Ronald Reagan and resigned his position on September 1, 1985. His announcement came a day before a Congressional subcommittee was to approve a report detailing waste, fraud, and abuse at his agency.[424]
  • Fred J. Villella, Deputy Director at Federal Emergency Management Agency, had more than $70,000 in renovations made to part of a dormitory at an agency training center in Maryland for use as a residence, including an $11,000 stove, wet bar, microwave oven, fireplace and cherrywood cabinets. Villella accepted free tickets to the same Republican fund-raisers as Giuffrida and also was accused of sexually harassing a FEMA security guard he also used for private errands. He resigned in 1984. (1984)[425][426][427]
  • J. Lynn Helms was appointed head of the Federal Aviation Administration by Ronald Reagan in April 1981. He was charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission with diverting $1.2 million from an issue of tax-exempt municipal bonds to his own personal use. Mr. Helms signed an order that settled the case before trial, though he resigned his FAA post.[428][429]
  • Veterans administration Chief Bob Nimmo was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981. He resigned one year later just before a General Accounting Office report criticized him for improper such use of government funds. (1982)[425][430]
  • John Fedders was appointed chief of enforcement for the Securities and Exchange Commission by President Ronald Reagan.[431] He was asked to resign his position after divorce proceedings, during which he admitted beating his wife.[432][433]
  • Peter Voss (R) was appointed to the US Postal Service Board of Governors in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan. He was sentenced to four years in federal prison and fined $11,000 for theft and accepting payoffs. He resigned his office in 1986, when he pleaded guilty.[434][435]
  • Carlos Campbell (R) Asst Sec of Commerce to the EDA, he was accused of favoritism in awarding grants and being over zealous. Before an investigation could start he resigned. (1983)[436][437]
  • Jim Petro (R), U.S. Attorney appointed by President Ronald Reagan, was dismissed and fined for tipping off an acquaintance about an ongoing Secret Service investigation. (1984)[438][439]
  • William H. Kennedy, United States Attorney in San Diego, was dismissed by President Reagan after he mentioned that the CIA was involved in a smuggling case. (1982)[440][441][442]
  • Marjory Mecklenburg (R) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Resources used travel funds to see her son's Denver Bronco games. She resigned(1985)[443][444]
  • Guy W. Fiske (R) Deputy Secretary of Commerce, after allegations of a conflict of interest in contract negotiations with satellite communications company Comsat, resigned. (1983)[445][446][447]

Legislative Branch

  • US Senator and US Appropriations Chairman Mark Hatfield (R-OR) revealed that his wife had been paid $55,000 by Greek arms dealer Basil Tsakos, who had been lobbying for a trans-African pipeline. (1984)[448][449][450][451]
  • Senator David Durenberger (R-MN) was denounced by the Senate for unethical financial transactions (1990) and then disbarred as an attorney.[452] In 1995, he pled guilty to 5 misdemeanor counts of misuse of public funds and was given one year's probation.[453]
  • Senator Jesse Helms (R-NC) and his campaign was found guilty of "voter caging" when 125,000 postcards were sent to mainly black neighborhoods and the results used to challenge their residency and therefore their right to vote. (1990)[454]
  • Congressman Barney Frank (D-MA) lived with convicted felon Steve Gobie, who ran a gay prostitution operation from Frank's apartment without his knowledge. Frank was admonished by Congress for using his congressional privilege to eliminate 33 parking tickets attributed to Gobie. (1987)[455]
  • Donald E. "Buz" Lukens (R-OH) was convicted of two counts of bribery and conspiracy. (1996)[456] (See also sex scandal.)
  • Anthony Lee Coelho (D-CA) resigned rather than face inquiries from both the Justice Department and the House Ethics Committee about an allegedly unethical "junk bond" deal, which netted him $6,000. He was never charged with any crime. (1989)[457]
  • House Speaker Jim Wright (D-TX) resigned after an ethics investigation led by Newt Gingrich alleged improper receipt of $145,000 in gifts (1989)[458]
  • Keating Five (1980–1989) – The failure of Lincoln Savings and Loan led to Charles Keating donating to the campaigns of five Senators for help. Keating served 42 months in prison.[459] The five were investigated by the Senate Ethics Committee which found that:
    1. Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA) was reprimanded.&91;460&93;
    2. Senator Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ) acted improperly.&91;461&93;
    3. Senator Don Riegle (D-MI) acted improperly.&91;461&93;
    4. Senator John Glenn (D-OH) used poor judgment.&91;461&93;
    5. Senator John McCain (R-AZ) used poor judgment.&91;461&93;
    6. Abscam was an FBI sting involving fake "Arabs" trying to bribe 31 congressmen. (1980)[462] The following six Congressmen were convicted:
    7. Senator Harrison A. Williams (D-NJ) was convicted on nine counts of bribery and conspiracy, and was sentenced to three years in prison.&91;463&93;
    8. Representative John Jenrette (D-SC) was sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.&91;464&93;
    9. Richard Kelly (R-FL) accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.&91;465&93;
    10. Raymond Lederer (D-PA) said that "I can give you me" after accepting $50,000. He was sentenced to three years in prison.&91;466&93;
    11. Michael Myers (D-PA) accepted $50,000, saying "... money talks and bullshit walks." He was sentenced to three years in prison and was expelled from the House.&91;467&93;
    12. Frank Thompson (D-NJ) was sentenced to three years in prison.&91;468&93;
    13. John M. Murphy (D-NY) served 20 months of a three-year sentence.&91;469&93;
    14. Also arrested were NJ State Senator Angelo Errichetti (D)&91;470&93; and members of the Philadelphia City Council.
    15. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) was convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500,000 for his role in the Wedtech scandal. Just before expulsion from the House, he resigned. The next year, he was convicted of another fifteen counts of obstruction and bribery. (1988)[471]
    16. Pat Swindall (R-GA) was convicted of six counts of perjury. (1989)[472][473]
    17. George V. Hansen (R-ID) was censured for failing to file out disclosure forms. He spent fifteen months in prison.[474]
    18. Frederick W. Richmond (D-NY) was convicted of tax evasion and possession of marijuana. He served nine months in prison. (1982)[475]
    19. Joshua Eilberg (D-PA) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges. In addition, he convinced President Jimmy Carter (D) to fire the U.S. Attorney investigating his case.[476]
    20. Robert E. Bauman (R-MD) was charged with soliciting sex from a teenage boy. Counseling was ordered, but he lost his next two elections. (1980)[477][478]

Judicial Branch

  • Federal District Court Judge Alcee Hastings (D-FL) was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate of soliciting a bribe. (1989)[479]
  • Federal District Court Judge Harry Claiborne (D-NV) was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate on two counts of tax evasion. He served over one year in prison.[480]
  • J. William Petro (R) U.S. Attorney in Ohio, was found guilty of criminal contempt of court for leaking confidential information. He was removed from office. (1985)[481]

James E. Carter administration (1977–1981)

Executive Branch

  • Debategate – An election briefing book for President Jimmy Carter was stolen and given to opponent Ronald Reagan before the presidential election of 1980[482]

Legislative branch

  • Daniel J. Flood (D-PA) was censured for bribery during the 96th United States Congress. The allegations led to his resignation on January 31, 1980.[483]
  • US Representative J. Herbert Burke (R-FL) pleaded guilty to disorderly intoxication and resisting arrest, and nolo contendere to an additional charge of witness tampering. He was sentenced to three months plus fines. (1978)[484]
  • US Representative Robert E. Bauman (R-MD) was charged with soliciting sex from a teenage boy in gay bar. After counseling, the charges were dropped, but he lost his next two elections. (1980)[477][478]
  • Fred Richmond (D-NY) received charges of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978)[485]
  • Charles Diggs (D-MI) was convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to 3 years (1978)[486]
  • Senator Herman Talmadge (D-GA) was denounced by the Senate for "improper financial conduct" on October 11, 1979. He failed to be re-elected.[487]
  • Michael Myers (D-PA) received suspended six-month jail term after pleading no contest to disorderly conduct charged stemming from an incident at a Virginia bar in which he allegedly attacked a hotel security guard and a cashier.[488]
  • Charles H. Wilson (D-CA) was censured after he converted $25,000 in campaign funds to his own use and accepted $10,500 from a man with a direct interest in legislation before Congress. This was a later non-Park incident.[489]
  • John Connally (R-TX) was accused of accepting a $10,000 bribe (Milk Money scandal). He was acquitted. (1975)[490]
  • Richard Tonry (D-LA) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions.[491]
  • Koreagate scandal involving alleged bribery of more than 30 members of Congress by the South Korean government represented by Tongsun Park. Several other Koreans and Congressmen were allegedly involved, but not charged or reprimanded.[492] The most notable are:
  1. Richard T. Hanna (D-CA) pleaded guilty&91;493&93; and sentenced to 6–30 months in federal prison.&91;494&93; Wound up serving a year in prison.&91;495&93;
  2. John J. McFall, Edward Roybal, and Charles H. Wilson, all (D-CA), were involved. Roybal was censured and Wilson was reprimanded,&91;496&93; while McFall was reprimanded,&91;497&93;

Judicial

  • Herbert Allan Fogel (R) Federal Judge of the Eastern Federal District of Pennsylvania (1973–1978), and nominated by Richard M. Nixon, resigned after investigation of a government contract in which he was forced to invoke the 5th Amendment. (1978)[498][499]
  • Jack T. Camp (R) Federal Judge, Northern District of GA, appointed by Roanld Reagan, guilty of trying to purchase cocaine, firearms violations, aiding a felon. Resigned. Sentenced to 30 days. (2010)[500][501]

Gerald Ford administration (1974–1977)

Executive Branch

  • Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz (R) was asked privately why the party of Lincoln was not able to attract more blacks. Butz replied: "I'll tell you what the coloreds want. It's three things: first, a tight pussy; second, loose shoes; and third, a warm place to shit." Butz resigned soon afterwards on October 4, 1976.[502]

Legislative Branch

  • Congressman Andrew J. Hinshaw (R-CA) was convicted of accepting bribes while Assessor of Orange County. He served one year in prison. (1977)[503]
  • Wayne L. Hays (D-OH) resigned from Congress after hiring and promoting his mistress, Elizabeth Ray. (1976)[504]
  • Frank Horton (R-NY) pleaded guilty to a DWI (arrested at 105 mph with two women; neither were his wife) and pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 11 days in jail. (1976)[505][506]
  • James F. Hastings (R-NY) was convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud. Took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976)[507]
  • James R. Jones (D-OK) US Rep, plead guilty to a federal misdemeanor charge that he had failed to report a 1972 campaign contribution from Gulf Oil. (1976)[508] Bob Sikes (D-FL) was reprimanded for conflict of interest in failing to disclose stock holdings.[489]
  • John V. Dowdy (D-TX) served 6 months in prison for perjury. (1973)[509]
  • Bertram Podell (D-NY) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 and served four months in prison. (1974)[510]
  • Frank Brasco (D-NY) was sentenced to three months in jail and fined $10,000 for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks.[476]
  • Frank Clark (D-PA) paid congressional salaries to 13 Pennsylvania residents who performed no official duties.[476]
  • Wilbur Mills (D-AR) stepped down as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee after his affair with Argentinian stripper Fanne Fox was made public in 1974.[511]

Judicial

Otto Kerner (D) US Judge of the 7th Circuit Court and former Illinois Governor, was appointed by Lyndon Johnson and indicted on charges of conspiracy, bribery, mail fraud, and income tax evasion related to accepting stock shares from a racing company and lying about it. He was convicted and resigned his position. (1974)

[512][513]

Richard M. Nixon administration (1969–1974)

Executive Branch

  • Vice President Spiro Agnew (R-MD) was convicted of tax fraud stemming from bribery charges in Maryland and forced to resign.[514] Gerald R. Ford (R-MI) was nominated by Nixon to replace Agnew as Vice President (the first person appointed to the Vice Presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment).
  • Bebe Rebozo (R)[515] was investigated for accepting large contribution to Nixon's campaign. No charges were filed. (1973)[516]
  • Watergate (1972–1974) – President Richard Nixon (R) ordered the coverup of the burglary and 'bugging' of the Democratic Party National Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel. The cover up by Nixon and his staff resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 convicted or pleading guilty. Eventually, Nixon resigned his office rather than face impeachment.[517] Those involved include:
    1. John N. Mitchell (R) Attorney General of the United States, was convicted of perjury and served nineteen months of a one- to four-year sentence.&91;518&93;
    2. Richard Kleindienst (R) Attorney General that replaced Mitchell, was convicted of "refusing to answer questions" given one month in jail.&91;519&93;
    3. Jeb Stuart Magruder (R) Head of Committee to Re-elect the President, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy, August 1973&91;520&93;
    4. Frederick C. LaRue (R) Advisor to John Mitchell, was convicted of obstruction of justice.&91;520&93;
    5. H. R. Haldeman (R) CoS for Nixon, was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury.&91;521&93;
    6. John Ehrlichman (R) Counsel to Nixon, was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury.&91;522&93;
    7. Egil Krogh (R) aide to John Ehrlichman, was sentenced to six years.&91;520&93;&91;523&93;&91;524&93;
    8. John W. Dean III (R) counsel to Nixon, was convicted for obstruction of justice.&91;520&93;
    9. Dwight L. Chapin (R) deputy assistant to Nixon, was convicted of perjury.&91;520&93;
    10. Herbert W. Kalmbach (R) personal attorney to Nixon, was convicted of illegal campaigning.&91;520&93;
    11. Charles W. Colson (R) special counsel to Nixon, was convicted for obstruction of justice.&91;519&93;
    12. Herbert L. Porter (R) aide to the Committee to Re-elect the President, was convicted of perjury.&91;520&93;
    13. G. Gordon Liddy (R) Special Investigations Group, was convicted of burglary.&91;520&93;
    14. Maurice Stans (R) Secretary of Commerce, pleaded guilty to 3 counts of violating the reporting sections of the Federal Election Campaign Act and 2 counts of accepting illegal campaign contributions and was fined $5,000. (1975)[525]
    15. G. Bradford Cook (R) was appointed by President Nixon to be Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. He resigned his position during the investigation into the Robert Vesco/Watergate affair during which he allegedly lied to a grand jury and was disbarred by the US Supreme Court for three years. He had served as Chairman for just 74 days. (1973)[526][527] The Washington Star reported that Cook believed he was going to be impeached, and offered to resign. The White House allowed him to do so.[528]
    16. Operation Townhouse was established by H. R. Haldeman (R) Nixon's Chief of Staff, to set up a secret fund-raising enterprise, the "Townhouse Operation", designed to bypass the Republican National Committee. (1970)[529][530]
    17. Harry Shuler Dent (R) Presidential Counsel and Strategist, pleaded guilty to violations of Federal election law for his part in the illegal fundraising operation.&91;531&93;
    18. Herbert W. Kalmbach (R) Nixon's Personal Attorney, raised $3.9 million for a secret Republican slush fund.&91;532&93; He also promised an ambassador a better post in exchange for $100,000, which led to conviction and imprisonment.&91;533&93; Kalmbach pleaded guilty to violation of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act and one count of promising federal employment.&91;534&93;
    19. White House Aide Jack A. Gleason (R) pleaded guilty to violations of Federal election law concerning an illegal fund raising operation run by the White House.&91;535&93;
    20. Richard Helms, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (1966–1973), was convicted of misleading Congress concerning assassination attempts in Cuba, anti-government activities in Chile and the illegal surveillance of journalists in the US. Mr. Helms pleaded no contest.[536][537]
    21. Donald Segretti (R) ran a campaign of dirty tricks for Nixon which he dubbed "ratfucking", which meant forging and distributing documents to embarrass Democrats. Segretti pled guilty to 3 counts of distributing illegal (forged) campaign literature and was sentenced to 6 months in prison. (1974)[538][539]

Legislative Branch

  • Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) drove his car into a tidal channel on Chappaquiddick Island, a small island off of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, passenger Mary Jo Kopechne drowned. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months.[540] (1969)
  • Cornelius Gallagher (D-NJ) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison.[541]
  • J. Irving Whalley (R-PA) received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI.[476]
  • Martin B. McKneally (R-NY) was placed on one year's probation and fined $5,000 in 1971 for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior.[542]
  • Richard T. Hanna (D-CA) was convicted in an influence-buying scandal. (1974)[543]
  • Edwin Reinecke (R-CA) was convicted of perjury and sentenced to 18 months in prison as part of the Watergate investigation. He resigned one day before his sentencing, which was overturned on appeal because "the Senate Judiciary Committee before which he was accused of perjuring himself had failed to publish its rule permitting a one-man quorum."[544][545]
  • US Representative William Oswald Mills (R-MD) had received an undisclosed $25,000 gift from the Finance Committee of President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign (CREEP), which was part of $900,000 in unaccounted donations made by that committee in May 1973. Five days later, he committed suicide. (1973)[546][547][548]
  • US Representative George V. Hansen (R-ID) was the first member of Congress to be convicted of violating a new 1971 campaign law requiring disclosure of financial contributions. (1974)[549][550]
  • James R. Jones (D-OK) US Representative, plead guilty to a federal misdemeanor charge that he had failed to report a $200 campaign contribution. He was fined $200. (1972)[508]

Judicial Branch

  • Judge Harrold Carswell (R) was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1970 by Richard Nixon, but was not confirmed. Civil rights advocates questioned his civil rights record, citing his voiced support for racial segregation during his unsuccessful election bid in 1948. Various feminists, including Betty Friedan, testified before the Senate and opposed his nomination and contributed to his defeat.[551] Roman Hruska (Republican, Nebraska) stated:
Even if he were mediocre, there are a lot of mediocre judges and people and lawyers. They are entitled to a little representation, aren't they, and a little chance? We can't have all Brandeises, Frankfurters and Cardozos."[552][553]
  • Herbert Allan Fogel (R) US Judge of Eastern District of PA (1973–1978) resigned after investigations of a government contract started, during which he was forced to invoke the 5th Amendment multiple times. (1978)[554][555]

Lyndon B. Johnson administration (1963–1969)

Executive Branch

  • Bobby Baker, (D) Secretary to the Majority Leader of the Senate (the vice-president then serving) and adviser to President Lyndon B. Johnson, resigned after charges of favoritism. (1963)[556]

Legislative Branch

  • Senator Daniel Brewster (D-MD) pleaded no contest to accepting an illegal gratuity in 1975 and fined $10,000.[557]{{page needed|date=June 2017}}[558] Brewster was convicted in 1972 of accepting $14,500 from a lobbyist,[559] and was handed a six-year prison term in 1973 over the conviction,[560] but the conviction was overturned on grounds of unclear jury instructions.[561]
  • Congressman Lawrence J. Smith (D-FL) pleaded guilty to one count of tax evasion and one count of filing false campaign reports on August 3, 1993. He was sentenced to three months in prison.[342]
  • James Fred Hastings (R-NY) was a delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention and the 1972 Republican National Convention. He was elected to Congress in 1968 and served from January 3, 1969, until he resigned on January 20, 1976, after being convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud. He served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976).[507]

Judicial Branch

  • U.S. Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas (D) resigned when he was discovered to be a paid consultant to a convicted criminal. No charges were ever filed. (1969)[562][512]

John F. Kennedy administration (1961–1963)

Legislative Branch

  • Thomas F. Johnson (D-MD) was indicted on charges of members of Maryland's S&L industry bribing him and lost his seat in 1962. Later was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest in 1968, served 3½ months of a 6-month sentence and was fined $5,000.[563]
  • Frank W. Boykin (D-AL) was placed on six months' probation in 1963 following conviction in a case involving a conflict of interest and conspiracy to defraud the government. His prison sentence was suspended on age and health grounds and was fined $40,000 total. He was pardoned by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965.[564][565]

Dwight D. Eisenhower administration (1953–1961)

Executive Branch

  • Vice presidential candidate Richard Nixon (R) delivered the "Checkers speech" to deflect scandal about $18,000 in gifts, maintaining the only personal gift he had received was a dog. (1952)[566]
  • Chief of Staff (Llewelyn) Sherman A. Adams (R) was cited for Contempt of Congress and forced to resign because he refused to answer questions about an oriental rug and vicuna coat given to his wife. (1958)[567]
  • John C. Doerfer (R), the appointed Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission by President Eisenhower, spent a week-long Florida vacation in 1960 on the yacht owned by his friend George B. Storer, president of Storer Broadcasting; as a result, he was accused of conflict of interest and forced to resign.[568][569]

Legislative Branch

  • McCarthyism – A broad political and cultural purge was started against people suspected of sympathy with communism, starting near the end of World War II and reaching its climax in the investigations of Republican Sen. Joseph McCarthy. The Senate passed a resolution of condemnation against McCarthy in 1954 after an embarrassing investigation of the United States Army, ending his career, but anti-communist purges continued for several years.[570][571] (He died in 1957 before his Senate seat could come up for election.)
  • Thomas J. Lane (D-MA) was convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. He served four months in prison, but was re-elected three more times[572] before his 1962 defeat due to re-districting. (1956)[573]
  • Ernest K. Bramblett (R-CA) received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine in 1955 for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees.[574]
  • Douglas R. Stringfellow (R-UT) abandoned his 1954 re-election bid after admitting to embellishing his war record. Stringfellow falsely claimed to have been awarded a Silver Star and feigned paraplegia.[575]

Harry S. Truman administration (1945–1953)

Executive Branch

  • A Justice Department investigation of the Internal Revenue Service led to the firing or resignation of 166 lower level employees, causing President Harry Truman (D) to be stained with charges of corruption. (1950)[576]
  • William M. Boyle (D) Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, accused of getting special loan rates. Resigned for poor health (1951)[577]

Legislative Branch

  • Walter E. Brehm (R-OH) was convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. He received a 15-month suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}
  • J. Parnell Thomas (R-NJ), a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18-month sentence and a fine, resigning from Congress in 1950. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison with two of the Hollywood Ten he had helped put there. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.[578]
  • Andrew J. May (D-KY) was convicted of accepting bribes in 1947 from a war munitions manufacturer. He was sentenced to nine months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.[579]
  • James Michael Curley (D-MA) was sentenced to 6–18 months on mail fraud and spent five months in prison before his sentence was commuted by President Truman. (1947)[580]

Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration (1933–1945)

Executive Branch

  • Michael J. Hogan (R) Collector of the Port of New York. Convicted of bribery and sentenced to a year and a day in a Federal Penitentiary. (1935)[581]

Legislative Branch

  • Francis Henry Shoemaker (Farmer-Labor-MN) was sentenced to a year and a day in the penitentiary for sending scurrilous and defamatory materials through the mail. (1933)[582]
  • John H. Hoeppel (D-CA) was convicted of trying to sell an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. (1936)[583]
  • Donald F. Snow (R-ME) was committed to the Maine State Prison for two to four years for embezzlement. (1935)[584][585][586][587]

Judicial Branch

  • Joseph Buffington (R) US Judge of the 3rd Circuit, appointed by Theodore Roosevelt (R). Investigation by the US House revealed that at the age of 92, Buffington was both deaf and blind and it was suspected that all of his decision were being written and sold by another judge. He resigned before impeachment.(1935)[588]
  • Halsted L. Ritter (R) Judge of the US District Court for the Southern District of Florida appointed by Calvin Coolidge (R). Was accused of taking kickbacks on bankruptcy cases and not reporting them on his taxes. Though he was found innocent of six separate charges, he was found guilty on the seventh count charging ‘general misbehavior’ and bringing the judiciary into disrepute (accepting free meals and lodging during receivership proceedings). He was impeached and removed from office. (1936)[589][590][591][592][512][593]
  • Martin Thomas Manton (D) US District Court Judge for the Southern District of New York, was investigated for judicial corruption and bribery which resulted in prosecution and a two-year prison term. (1939)[594]
  • Edwin Stark Thomas (D) U.S. District Judge for Connecticut, during a grand jury investigation of official misconduct and his financial affairs, he resigned. (1939)[595][596][512]
  • John Warren Davis (D) Judge of the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was investigated for accepting a bribe from film mogul William Fox. Further investigation revealed Davis was routinely accepting bribes for decisions signed by fellow Judge Joseph Buffington (R) who was senile. When Fox was found guilty, Davis resigned two weeks later. (1939)[597][588]
  • Albert Williams Johnson (R) US Judge of the Middle District of Pennsylvania, appointed by Calvin Coolidge (R), was under investigation by a US House Judiciary Committee. In unusual language, they found he was a “wicked, evil and mendacious judge.” The report of the subcommittee also said that almost “every litigant who had the misfortune to appear before this wicked and malicious judge became the immediate object of a crooked conspiracy whose sole interest was the amount of money that could be extorted from him for justice or the evasion of justice.” Johnson resigned before impeachment (1945)[588]

Herbert Hoover administration (1929–1933)

Legislative Branch

  • Senator Hiram Bingham (R-CT) was censured for hiring a lobbyist employed by a manufacturing organization to work on his staff. (1929)[598]
  • Harry E. Rowbottom (R-IN) was convicted in federal court of accepting bribes from persons who sought post office appointments. He was given one year in Leavenworth.[599]
  • George E. Foulkes (D-MI) US Rep, was found guilty of conspiracy and bribery and sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $1,000 (1934)[600]

Calvin Coolidge administration (1923–1929)

Executive

  • US Alien Property Custodian Thomas B. Miller (R) was convicted of conspiring to defraud the US government and served 18 months in prison. (1927)[601][602]
  • Frederick A. Fenning (R), District of Columbia Commissioner appointed by Calvin Coolidge, was investigated and accused of practices illegal and contrary to law. He resigned before trial. (1927)[603][604]

Legislative

  • John W. Langley (R-KY) resigned from the US Congress in January 1926, after losing an appeal to set aside his conviction of violating the Volstead Act (Prohibition). He had also been caught trying to bribe a Prohibition officer. He was sentenced to two years after which, his wife ran for Congress in his place and won two full terms.[605][606]
  • Senator William Scott Vare (R-PA) was unseated on December 6, 1929, due to charges of corruption and fraud during his election.[607]
  • Frank L. Smith (R), Head of the Illinois Commerce Commission, was appointed to be US Senator by IL Governor Len Small (R), but was rejected by the US Senate for alleged "fraud and corruption". (1927)[608][609]

Judicial

  • Illinois U.S. District Judge George English (D) was impeached for taking an interest-free loan from a bank of which he was director as well as misbehavior and manipulation. Resigned before his Senate trial. (1924)[610][611][612]

Warren G. Harding administration (1921–1923)

Executive Branch

  • President Warren G. Harding's (R-OH) administration was marred by scandals stemming from men in his administration who followed him from Ohio, who came to be known as the Ohio Gang.[613] They include;
    1. Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior, was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922)&91;614&93;
    2. Edwin C. Denby, Secretary of the Navy, resigned for his part in the Teapot Dome oil reserve scandal.&91;615&93;
    3. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty resigned on March 28, 1924, because of an investigation about a bootlegging kickback scheme by his chief aide Jess Smith. Found not guilty. (1924)&91;616&93;
    4. Jess Smith, aide to Attorney General Daugherty, destroyed incriminating papers and then committed suicide.&91;616&93;
    5. Charles R. Forbes was appointed by Harding as the first director of the new Bureau of Veterans Affairs. After constructing and modernizing VA hospitals, he was convicted of bribery and corruption and sentenced to two years in jail.&91;617&93;
    6. Charles Cramer, Forbes's general counsel, committed suicide. (1923)&91;618&93;
    7. Thomas W. Miller, Head of the Office of Alien Property, was convicted of fraud by selling valuable German patents seized after World War I for far below market price as well as bribery. Served 18 months.&91;619&93;

Legislative Branch

  • Thomas L. Blanton (D-TX) was censured for inserting obscene material into the congressional record. According to Franklin Wheeler Mondell (R-WY) the letter was said to contain language that was "unspeakable, vile, foul, filthy, profane, blasphemous and obscene". A motion to expel him failed by 8 votes. (1921)[620]
  • Senator Truman Handy Newberry (R-MI) was convicted of election irregularities but the case was overturned by the US Supreme Court. However, due to continued opposition and a condemnation vote claiming that $3,750 was too much to spend on an election[621][622] against automaker Henry Ford, resigned. (1921)[622]

Judicial

  • Francis Asbury Winslow (R) Judge of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. appointed by Warren G. Harding (R). Following calls for an investigation by Fiorella La Guardia into recent bankruptcy decisions and his choice of court-appointed receivers, Winslow was found to have committed “serious indiscretions.” He then resigned. (1929)[588][623][624]

Woodrow Wilson administration (1913–1921)

Executive Branch

  • Newport Sex Scandal – Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated an investigation into allegations of "immoral conduct" (homosexuality) at the Naval base in Newport, Rhode Island. After the report, which revealed nothing, the investigators themselves were also accused of homosexuality. (1919)[625]

Judicial

  • John Augustine Marshall (D} Judge of the US District Court of Utah, appointed by Grover Cleveland (D) was accused in a sex scandal involving the cleaning woman of his courtroom. He resigned.(1915)[588]
  • Daniel Thew Wright (R) Judge of the US District Court for the District of Columbia was appointed by Theodore Roosevelt (R) and was accused of favoritism and massive corruption. He resigned before impeachment. (1914)[588][626][627]

William Howard Taft administration (1909–1913)

Legislative Branch

  • Senator William Lorimer (R-IL), also known as the "blond boss of Chicago", was expelled from the U.S. Senate in 1912 for accepting bribes.[628]
  • Senator Benjamin R. Tillman (D-SC) and John McLaurin, Senator (D-SC) were both censured for fighting in the Senate chamber.[629]
  • Senator Ralph Cameron (R-AZ) attempted to control access to the Grand Canyon by buying mining rights to adjacent lands. (1912)[630]

Judicial Branch

  • Pennsylvania U.S. Commerce Court Judge Robert Archbald (R) was involved for corrupt alliances with coal mine workers and railroad officials. He was convicted and removed from office. (1912)[631]
  • Cornelius Hanford (R) US District Judge for the Western District of Washington, resigned under threat of impeachment for corruption. (1912)[632]

Theodore Roosevelt administration (1901–1909)

Legislative Branch

  • Senator John Hipple Mitchell (R-OR) was involved with the Oregon land fraud scandal, for which he was indicted and convicted while a sitting U.S. Senator. He died before sentencing. (1905)[633]
  • Senator Joseph R. Burton (R-KS) was convicted of bribery in 1904 on the charge of illegally receiving compensation for services rendered before a federal department and served five months in prison. (1904)[634]
  • Henry B. Cassel (R-PA) US Representative, was convicted of fraud related to the construction of the Pennsylvania State Capitol in 1909.[635]

Judicial Branch

  • Oregon District Attorney John Hicklin Hall (R), appointed by President McKinley, was convicted of not prosecuting suspects and then blackmailing them during the Oregon land fraud scandal. (1903)[636][506]

William McKinley administration (1897–1901)

Executive Branch

  • Oregon US Federal District Attorney John Hicklin Hall (R) was appointed by President William McKinley. In 1903, Hall was ordered to investigate land fraud in what became known as the Oregon land fraud scandal and was put on trial for failing to prosecute land companies engaging in fraudulent activities, and for using his knowledge of illegal activities to blackmail his political opponents. On February 8, 1908, a jury found Hall guilty of the charges. (1907)[636] He was later pardoned by President William Howard Taft.[637]

Legislative Branch

  • Charles Henry Dietrich (R-NE) US Senator, before he took office Dietrich was charged with bribery for accepting money to appoint Jacob Fisher to be a US Postmaster. He was charged with conspiracy to receive a bribe, accepting a bribe and profiting by the leaning of a building to the government. Before the trial could begin, the judge held that Dietrich could not be prosecuted because the alleged bribery occurred after he was elected, but before Dietrich was sworn in as a US Senator. All charges were then dropped. (1901)[638][639][640]

Grover Cleveland administration (1885–1889)

Legislative Branch

  • Utah Territorial Delegate George Q. Cannon (R) was refused his seat due to a conviction for unlawful cohabitation (polygamy), for which he served nearly six months in Utah's federal penitentiary. (1888)[641]

Chester A. Arthur administration (1881–1885)

Executive Branch

  • Governor of Dakota Territory Nehemiah G. Ordway (R) was removed by President Chester A. Arthur after he was indicted for corruption. (1884)[642]
  • Levi Jarrad (R) was appointed US Postmaster for New Brunswick, NJ by President Chester A. Arthur (R) in 1881.[643] He was sentenced to 10 years in prison for forgery in 1884.[644]

James A. Garfield administration (1881–1881)

Legislative Branch

  • Senator Stephen W. Dorsey (R-AR) was included in the investigation of corruption of Star Route postal contracts under the administrations of President James A. Garfield (R) and President Chester A. Arthur (R). (1881)

Rutherford B. Hayes administration (1877–1881)

Executive Branch

  • Ezra Ayres Hayt, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs under Rutherford B. Hayes, was forced to resign by Interior Secretary Carl Schurz due to allegations of rampant corruption. (1880)[645][646]

Judicial Branch

  • US District Court Northern District of Alabama Judge Richard Busteed (R) was brought impeachment charges for non-residence in Alabama, failure to hold court and improper use of his official position. To avoid being removed from office, he resigned. (1874)[647][648]
  • US District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Judge Edward Henry Durell (R) was impeached for alleged drunkenness, corruption, and election-rigging. He resigned before trial. (1879)[649][650][651]

Ulysses S. Grant administration (1869–1877)

Executive Branch

  • United States Secretary of War William Belknap (R) resigned just before he was impeached by the United States House of Representatives for bribery. (1876)[652]
  • Whiskey Ring – Massive corruption of Ulysses S. Grant's (R) administration involving whiskey taxes, bribery and kickbacks ending with 110 convictions. (1875)[653]
    1. Orville E. Babcock (R), a personal secretary to Grant, was indicted in the Whiskey Ring scandal and ten days later in the Safe Burglary Conspiracy. He was acquitted both times.&91;653&93;
    2. John J. McDonald (R), Supervisor of the Internal Revenue Service, was convicted and sentenced to three years.&91;653&93;
    3. W.O. Avery, Chief Clerk of the Treasury Department, was convicted.&91;653&93;
    4. Eastern Wisconsin Federal Attorney Levi Hubbell (R) was suspended from office for his involvement with the Whiskey Ring through contact with Milwaukee brewers. (1875)&91;654&93;&91;655&93;
    5. William Adams Richardson (R), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, hired John B. Sanborn to collect unpaid taxes, some of which was used in a kickback scheme. Though not illegal, Congressional outrage forced Richardson to resign. The actions were made illegal a few months later and is now called the Sanborn Incident. (1874)[656][657][656][658]
    6. Black Friday – When financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk tried to corner the gold market by getting Ulysses S. Grant's brother-in-law Abel Corbin to convince Grant to appoint General Daniel Butterfield as Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, where he could then give them insider information. (1869)[659]
    7. George M. Robeson, Grant's Secretary of the Navy, was admonished by the House for gross misconduct and corruption in relation to his dealings with Alexander Cattel. (1876)[660]
    8. Salary Grab Act was the act that increased the salaries of the President, Congress and the Supreme Court. (1873)
    9. Columbus Delano, the Secretary of the Interior under Grant, resigned after allegedly taking bribes in order to secure fraudulent land grants.[661]

Legislative Branch

  • Crédit Mobilier of America scandal:[662]
    1. Oakes Ames (R-MA) bribed Congress with Union Pacific stock.&91;663&93;
    2. James Brooks (D-NY) also implicated; both were censured for their involvement. (1872)&91;664&93;
    3. US Senator James W. Patterson (R-NH) was found to have given false testimony to both the House and Senate Committees, both of whom found him guilty of bribery in the Crédit Mobilier Scandal. He was also recommended for expulsion from the Senate, but Patterson's term expired before such action could be taken. (1873)&91;665&93;
    4. US Senator Alexander Caldwell (R-KS) was elected to the US Senate. It was discovered that the rival candidate, Thomas Carney, dropped out of the race, admitting that he had accepted a bribe of $15,000 to leave the race allowing Caldwell to win. He was impeached and the US Senate declared that Caldwell had not been "duly and legally elected" and moved to expel him. Before a vote could be taken, Caldwell resigned (1873)[666][667]

Judicial Branch

  • Mark Delahay (R) a U.S. District Judge of Kansas and cofounder of the Republican Party,[668] was impeached by the United States House of Representatives on February 28, 1873, for "intoxication off the bench as well as on the bench",[669] He resigned two months later. (1873)[670]
  • Richard Busteed (R) US Judge from the Northern District of Alabama, spent much of his time at home in New York though serving in Alabama. Southern sympathizers brought charges against him for non-residence, failure to hold court and improper use of his position. To avoid being removed from office, he resigned before impeachment.(1874)[671][672][673][674]
  • Levi Hubbell (R) US Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, accused of corruption for failing to prosecute whisky distributors who were bribing US Revenue agents. Forced to resign. (1875)[675][676][677]
  • William Story (R) Judge of the US District Court for the Western District of Arkansas appointed by Ulysses S. Grant (R). Graft and corruption in the court became so bad that Story appeared before the House Judiciary Committee. He resigned soon after. (1874)[678][679][588]

Andrew Johnson administration (1865–1869)

Executive branch

  • President Andrew Johnson (D/Union Party) was impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act. He was acquitted by one vote. (1868)[680]

Abraham Lincoln administration (1861–1865)

Executive Branch

  • Simon Cameron (R), Lincoln's Secretary of War, resigned in 1862 due to corruption charges. His behavior was so notorious that Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, when discussing Cameron's honesty with Lincoln, told him that "I don't think that he would steal a red hot stove." When Cameron demanded Stevens retract this statement, Stevens told Lincoln "I believe I told you he would not steal a red-hot stove. I will now take that back." (1860–1862)[681]

Legislative Branch

  • Senator James F. Simmons (R-RI) had confirmed corruption charges against him reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee and the charges were referred to the full Senate for action on July 14, 1862. The Senate adjourned three days later without acting. Before it could reconvene, Simmons resigned on September 5, 1862.[682]
  • US Representative Lovell Harrison Rousseau (R-KY) assaulted Iowa Representative Josiah Bushnell Grinnell on June 14, 1866, with his iron handled cane until it broke. He was reprimanded by the House of Representatives, and resigned, but was elected again to fill his own vacancy. (1866)[683][684][685][686]

James Buchanan administration (1857–1861)

Legislative Branch

  • US Representative and fervent advocate of slavery Preston Brooks (D-SC) beat abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner (R), leaving him bleeding and unconscious on the floor of the House of Representatives until his cane broke. (1856)[687][688][689]
  • Daniel Sickles (D-NY) shot and killed the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia[690] Philip Barton Key II, son of Francis Scott Key, whom the Congressman had discovered was having an affair with Sickles's young wife, Teresa. He was tried and acquitted in the first use of the temporary insanity plea. (1859)[691]

Zachary Taylor administration (1849–1850)

Executive Branch

  • George W. Crawford (Whig-GA), Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Zachary Taylor (Whig), was the center of the Galphin Affair land scandal with the help of Reverdy Johnson (Whig) Attorney General and William M. Meredith (Whig) Secretary of the Treasury, in which Crawford defrauded the federal government of $191,353. (1849)[692]

Andrew Jackson administrations (1829–1836)

Executive Branch

  • Samuel Swartwout was appointed by President Andrew Jackson to the New York City Collector's Office. At the end of his term he had embezzled $1.225 million in customs receipts and used the money to purchase land. He fled to Europe to avoid prosecution.[693]
  • Margaret O'Neill Eaton, the wife of Secretary of War John H. Eaton, was a central figure in the Petticoat Affair which involved accusations that she had engaged in an extramarital affair, and her social ostracism by the wives of other Cabinet members led by Floride Calhoun, the wife of Vice President John C. Calhoun.[694]

Legislative Branch

  • North Carolina Congressman Robert Potter resigned from Congress after castrating two men he believed were having an affair with his wife. (1831)[695] Later, in North Carolina, he was expelled from its legislature for cheating at cards or for pulling a gun and a knife during a card game. (1835)[695]

James Monroe administrations (1817–1824)

Legislative Branch

  • Corrupt Bargain was a supposed bargain by John Quincy Adams with Henry Clay. (1824)[696]

Thomas Jefferson administrations (1801–1808)

Executive Branch

  • General James Wilkinson was appointed to be Governor of the upper Louisiana Purchase. He then conspired with Spain to get Kentucky to secede from the Union in order to allow shipping on the Mississippi to reach New Orleans. (1787–1811)[697]
  • Aaron Burr and the New Empire (Southwest) Burr conspiracy (1804–1807) – Burr allegedly tried to seize a large part of the Louisiana Purchase and establish his own country. He was arrested for treason, but was acquitted for lack of evidence. (1807)[698]
  • Aaron Burr dueled with Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton died of wounds received during the duel. (1804)[699]

Judicial Branch

  • Samuel Chase, the Supreme Court Justice appointed by George Washington, was impeached for political favoritism and acquitted in 1805.[700]
  • John Pickering, a federal judge appointed by George Washington, was impeached and convicted in absentia by the US Senate for drunkenness and use of profanity on the bench in spite of the fact neither act was a high crime or misdemeanor. (1804)[701]

John Adams administration (1797–1800)

Executive Branch

  • The XYZ Affair was the French seizure of over 300 US ships and demands for bribes and apologies, led to a Quasi-War causing the US Congress to issue the famous phrase, "Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute!". Real war was averted by treaty. (1798–1800)[702]

Legislative Branch

  • Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican KY) was the first Congressman recommended for censure for spitting on Ralph Griswold (Federalist-CT). The censure failed to pass.[703] Also found guilty of violating John Adams's Alien and Sedition Acts and sentenced to four months in jail, during which he was re-elected (1798)[704]

George Washington administration (1789–1796)

Legislative Branch

  • Senator William Blount (Democratic-Republican-TN) was expelled from the Senate for trying to aid the British in a takeover of West Florida. (1797)[705]

Government under the Articles of Confederation (1777–1788)

Executive Branch

  • Conway Cabal created a movement or conspiracy to remove George Washington as commander of the Continental Army by Thomas Conway and Horatio Gates. (1777–1778)[706]

Legislative Branch

  • Silas Deane was accused of mismanagement and treason while ambassador to France. Intending to clear himself of the charges he died suddenly, and the charges were eventually reversed or dropped. (1777)[707]

See also

  • List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
  • 2017–18 United States political sexual scandals
  • List of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes
  • List of United States senators expelled or censured
  • List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes
  • List of United States Representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded
  • List of United States unincorporated territory officials convicted of federal corruption offenses
  • Boeing Scandal

Notes

{{Format footnotes|date=February 2015}}
1. ^[https://www.wired.com] | December 17, 2018 | A Complete Guide to All 17 (Known) Trump and Russia Investigations | Garret M. Graff | [https://www.wired.com/story/mueller-investigation-trump-russia-complete-guide/]
2. ^[https://www.politico.com] | MUELLER INVESTIGATION, News, Analysis and Opinion from POLITICO | [https://www.politico.com/tag/mueller-investigation]
3. ^  | July 5, 2018 | Scott Pruitt resigns as EPA chief, Trump announces | Samuel Chamberlain |  
4. ^[https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2018/07/05/scott-pruitt-resigns-epa-head/emLwyNeWitltYlLG9T10XO/story.html Scott Pruitt resigns as EPA head], Boston Globe, July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
5. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | July 5, 2018 | E.P.A. Chief Scott Pruitt Resigns Under a Cloud of Ethics Scandals | By Coral Davenport, Lisa Friedman and Maggie Haberman | [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/climate/scott-pruitt-epa-trump.html]
6. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | May 1, 2018 | Two officials close to EPA chief Scott Pruitt resign amid scrutiny | Juliet Eilperin, Brady Dennis and Emma Brown May | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-top-aide-to-epa-chief-scott-pruitt-resigns-amid-scrutiny/2018/05/01/9db56f44-4d44-11e8-84a0-458a1aa9ac0a_story.html]
7. ^[https://theintercept.com/2017/12/28/scott-pruitt-failed-banker-running-epa-superfund-program/]
8. ^ 
9. ^[https://www.reuters.com] | May 1, 2018 | Two top EPA staffers resign amid ethics probes | Valerie Volcovici | [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-epa-ethics/two-top-us-epa-staffers-resign-amid-ongoing-ethics-probes-idUSKBN1I23Y0]
10. ^  | 04/05/18 | Top Pruitt aide resigns from EPA amid controversies | MIRANDA GREEN |  
11. ^[https://nypost.com] | April 10, 2018 | Former top aide to Pruitt being investigated over 'no-show job' | Marisa Schultz | [https://nypost.com/2018/04/10/former-top-aide-to-pruitt-being-investigated-over-no-show-job/]
12. ^[https://www.cbsnews.com] | April 5, 2018 | EPA official Samantha Dravis resigns; Dem. senator asks EPA IG to investigate her | [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/epa-associate-administrator-samantha-dravis-resigns/]
13. ^"Plea Offer and Defendant's Acceptance: United States v. George Papadopoulos. United States Department of Justice. October 5, 2017.
14. ^"Statement of Facts of Guilt". United States v. George Papadopoulos. United States Department of Justice. October 5, 2017.
15. ^[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/who-george-papadopoulos-energy-expert-junior-trump-staffer-sought-be-n815826]
16. ^[https://www.foxnews.com] | George Papadopoulos, ex-Trump campaign adviser, reports to prison | Samuel Chamberlain | Jake Gibson | Fox News | [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ex-trump-campaign-adviser-george-papadopoulos-reports-to-prison]
17. ^[https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/20/17031772/mueller-indictments-grand-jury]
18. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/us/politics/donald-trump-national-security-adviser-michael-flynn.html?_r=0 |title=Michael Flynn Resigns as National Security Adviser |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |first4=Glenn |last4=Thrush |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 13, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |department=Politics |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421222353/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/us/politics/donald-trump-national-security-adviser-michael-flynn.html?_r=0 |archivedate=April 21, 2017}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/justice-department-warned-white-house-that-flynn-could-be-vulnerable-to-russian-blackmail-officials-say/2017/02/13/fc5dab88-f228-11e6-8d72-263470bf0401_story.html?hpid=hp_rhp-top-table-main_flynn-0818pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory |title=Justice Department warned White House that Flynn could be vulnerable to Russian blackmail, officials say |first1=Adam |last1=Entous |first2=Ellen |last2=Nakashima |first3=Philip |last3=Rucker |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 13, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |department=National Security}}
20. ^{{cite news |last=Kaczynski |first=Andrew |title=Trump Energy official who said controversial comments were result of hacking resigns |publisher=CNN |date=August 31, 2017 |url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2017/08/31/politics/kfile-bradford-resigns/index.html |accessdate=September 1, 2017}}
21. ^Kodiak, Alison, [https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/09/29/554475788/price-resigns-from-trump-cabinet-amidst-private-jet-investigations "Price Resigns From Trump Cabinet Amid Private Jet Investigations"], NPR, September 29, 2017.
22. ^Ehley,Brianna, and Sarah Karlin-Smith, [https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/31/cdc-director-resigns-over-financial-conflicts-380206 "CDC director who traded tobacco stock resigns"], Politico, January 31, 2018.
23. ^Visser, Nick, [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/taylor-weyeneth-resign_us_5a696507e4b0022830094616.html "Trump's 24-Year-Old Deputy Drug Czar To Resign After Questions Over Work History"], Huffington Post.
24. ^O'Harrow, Robert, Jr., [https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/trumps-24-year-old-drug-policy-appointee-to-step-down-by-months-end/2018/01/24/77ce5656-0159-11e8-8acf-ad2991367d9d_story.html "Trump's 24-year-old drug policy appointee to step down by month's end"], The Washington Post, January 24, 2018.
25. ^Viebeke, Elise, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/second-white-house-official-departs-amids-abuse-allegations-which-he-denies/2018/02/09/72ba47e6-0d0d-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html "Second White House official departs amid abuse allegations, which he denies"], The Washington Post, February 9, 2018.
26. ^Quimby, Beth, [https://www.pressherald.com/2018/02/10/after-abuse-claims-lead-to-resignation-from-white-house-sorensen-takes-to-facebook-to-share-his-side/ "A day after quitting White House post, ex-LePage aide again denies domestic abuse allegations"], Portland Press-Herald, February 10, 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
27. ^{{cite news |author=Rebecca Kheel |date=February 16, 2018 |title=VA secretary's chief of staff leaving amid travel scandal |newspaper=The Hill |url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/374237-va-secretarys-chief-of-staff-retires-amid-travel-scandal}}
28. ^{{cite news |author=Josh Dawsey |author2=Beth Reinhard |author3=Elise Viebeck |author4=Philip Rucker |author5=Tom Jackman |author6=Ashley Parker |date=February 7, 2018 |title=Senior White House official to resign after ex-wives' allegations of abuse |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senior-white-house-official-to-resign-following-allegations-of-abuse/2018/02/07/49aa80b8-0c19-11e8-baf5-e629fc1cd21e_story.html}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/07/us/politics/rob-porter-resigns-abuse-white-house-staff-secretary.html|title=Rob Porter, White House Aide, Resigns After Accusations of Abuse|last=Haberman|first=Maggie|date=2018-02-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-03-08|last2=Rogers|first2=Katie}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/02/07/rob-porter-wives-abuse-trump-aide/|title=Former Wives of Top White House Aide Rob Porter Both Told FBI He Abused Them|last=Grim|first=Ryan|last2=Brown|first2=Alleen|date=2018-02-07|publisher=The Intercept|access-date=2018-03-08}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/top-white-house-officials-knew-of-abuse-allegations-against-top-aide-for-months/2018/02/08/2faddcf2-0ce9-11e8-95a5-c396801049ef_story.html|title=Top White House officials knew of abuse allegations against top aide for months|last=Dawsey|first=Josh|date=2018-02-08|work=The Washington Post|access-date=2018-03-08|last2=Reinhard|first2=Beth}}
32. ^{{cite news |author=Catherine Boudreau |date=March 7, 2018 |title=Forest Service chief resigns in wake of sexual misconduct allegations |newspaper=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/forest-service-chief-resigns-misconduct-allegations-395048}}
33. ^Andrea Mitchell, Tracy Connor, Tom Winter and Pete Williams (February 23, 2018) [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/former-trump-campaign-aide-rick-gates-set-plead-guilty-n849256 "Former Trump campaign aide Rick Gates pleads guilty to conspiracy, lying"] NBC News
34. ^{{cite news |author=Danika Fears |title=Ex-Trump aide pleads guilty in Russia probe |date=February 23, 2018 |newspaper=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/2018/02/23/ex-trump-aide-to-plead-guilty-in-russia-probe/}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-cohen-to-plead-guilty-to-criminal-charges-1534875978|title=Michael Cohen Pleads Guilty, Says He Acted at Trump's Direction|first1=Nicole|last1=Hong|first2=Rebecca|last2=Ballhaus|date=August 21, 2018|via=www.wsj.com}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45265546|title=Michael Cohen 'strikes plea deal'|date=August 21, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=August 21, 2018|language=en-GB}}
37. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45265546|title=Ex-Trump lawyer admits campaign violation|date=August 21, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=August 21, 2018|language=en-GB}}
38. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | August 21, 2018 | Manafort convicted on 8 counts; mistrial declared on 10 others | Matt Zapotosky, Lynh Bui, Tom Jackman, Devlin Barrett | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html]
39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/nyregion/michael-cohen-plea-deal-trump.html|title=Michael Cohen Says He Arranged Payments to Women at Trump's Direction|accessdate=August 22, 2018}}
40. ^[https://www.npr.org] | August 21, 2018 | Donald Trump's Attorney And Fixer Michael Cohen Pleads Guilty To 8 Federal Counts | Andrea Bernstein of WNYC contributed | [https://www.npr.org/2018/08/21/640544009/donald-trumps-longtime-attorney-michael-cohen-reaches-plea-deal-with-feds]
41. ^[https://www.cnn.com] | Wednesday, August 22, 2018 | Paul Manafort found guilty on eight counts | Katelyn Polantz, Dan Berman, Marshall Cohen and Liz Stark, CNN | [https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/21/politics/paul-manafort-trial-jury/index.html]
42. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | Nov. 26, 2018 | Manafort Breached Plea Deal by Repeatedly Lying, Mueller Says | Sharon LaFraniere | [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/us/politics/mueller-paul-manafort-cooperation.html]
43. ^[https://www.foxnews.com] | Paul Manafort convicted by jury on bank and tax fraud charges; mistrial declared on 10 counts | Alex Pappas, Peter Doocy | Fox News | [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/paul-manafort-convicted-by-jury-on-bank-and-tax-fraud-charges-mistrial-declared-on-10-counts]
44. ^Manafort’s ‘mind-boggling’ 47-month sentence prompts debate over judicial system’s ‘blatant inequities’ | Reis Thebault and Michael Brice-Saddler | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2019/03/08/legal-community-lashes-out-inequity-manaforts-mind-boggling-month-sentence/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ff84ede5021a]
45. ^[https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/13/politics/manafort-hearing/index.html]
46. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/watchdog/sd-me-hunter-indict-20180821-story.html|title=Rep. Duncan Hunter and wife indicted on fraud and campaign finance charges|last=McDonald|first=Morgan Cook, Jeff|date=2018-08-21|work=San Diego Union Tribune|access-date=2018-08-21}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/21/politics/duncan-hunter-campaign-charges/index.html|title=Rep. Duncan Hunter and his wife indicted in use of campaign funds for personal expenses|work=CNN|access-date=2018-08-21|language=en}}
48. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/08/gop-congressman-chris-collins-to-be-indicted-on-insider-trading-charge.html|title=New York GOP Rep. Chris Collins arrested on insider trading charges|last=Schwartz|first=Kevin Breuninger, Brian|date=2018-08-08|work=CNBC|access-date=2018-08-08}}
49. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/08/live-stream-rep-chris-collins-arrest-discussed-prosecutors/934774002/|title=Live stream: Rep. Chris Collins arrest discussed by prosecutors|work=USA TODAY|access-date=2018-08-08|language=en}}
50. ^[https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdtx/pr/houston-jury-convicts-former-us-congressman April 12, 2018 | Houston Jury Convicts Former U.S. Congressman]
51. ^https://www.texastribune.org/2018/04/12/texas-congressman-steve-stockman-found-guilty-felony-charges/
52. ^[https://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/jury-peers-karma-convict-steve-stockman/]
53. ^1 October 11, 2017 | Former Congressional Staffer Pleads Guilty to Extensive Fraud and Money Laundering Scheme | [https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/former-congressional-staffer-pleads-guilty-extensive-fraud-and-money-laundering-scheme]
54. ^1 [https://www.chron.com] | October 11, 2017 | Second aide to ex-lawmaker pleads guilty to fraud, Stockman's ex-campaign treasurer says he was ordered to write checks | By Gabrielle Banks and Lise Olsen | [https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Second-aide-to-ex-lawmaker-pleads-guilty-to-fraud-12271529.php]
55. ^[https://www.rollcall.com] | Mar 23, 2017 | Plea Deal Reveals Stockman Accused of Stealing $775,000 | Former staffer testifies that former congressman scammed two charitable organizations | Eric Garcia | [https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/steve-stockman-accused-of-stealing-775000-from-foundations]
56. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/farenthold-sexual-harassement-settlement-taxpayers-congress.html|title=Taxpayers Paid $84,000 to End Sex Harassment Claim Against Texas Lawmaker|access-date=2018-08-08|language=en}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/blake-farenthold-to-retire-from-congress-amid-allegations-of-sexual-misconduct-abusive-behavior/article/2643484|title=Blake Farenthold to retire from Congress amid allegations of sexual misconduct, 'abusive' behavior|date=2017-12-14|work=Washington Examiner|access-date=2018-08-08|language=en}}
58. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/farenthold-verbal-abuse-sexual-remarks_us_5a31d972e4b01bdd7659dce3|title=Rep. Farenthold's Former Aide Describes Abusive Behavior In CNN Report|last=Ruiz-Grossman|first=Sarah|date=2017-12-14|work=Huffington Post|access-date=2018-08-08|language=en-US}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/rep-pat-meehan-will-not-seek-reelection-after-sexual-harassment-furor-20180125.html|title=Rep. Pat Meehan will not seek reelection after sexual harassment furor|work=Philly.com|access-date=2018-08-08}}
60. ^  | January 30, 2018 | Former U.S. Rep. Corrine Brown reports to prison, faces 'rough road' | Jason Ruiter |  
61. ^Former Congresswoman Corrine Brown reports to prison on fraud, other charges; Atlanta Journal-Constitution; January 29, 2018
62. ^[https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/11/527943688/former-u-s-rep-corrine-brown-convicted-of-stealing-from-phony-charity]
63. ^[https://www.firstcoastnews.com] | January 8, 2018 | Ronnie Simmons reports to federal prison Monday | First Coast News | [https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/local/data/crime/ronnie-simmons-reports-to-federal-prison-monday/77-506104561]
64. ^ 
65. ^  | GOP Rep. Tim Murphy resigns after reports he asked mistress to get abortion | Fox News' Chad Pergram and The Associated Press | 
66. ^  | 10/05/2017 | Inside Tim Murphy's reign of terror; The anti-abortion lawmaker's abortion scandal was just the tipping point. Former aides say abuse inside his office was rampant. By Rachael Bade, Jake Sherman and John Bresnahan |  
67. ^{{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/blog/2017/06/cpj-to-use-50000-gianforte-donated-as-part-of-body.php|title=CPJ to use $50,000 Gianforte donated as part of body slam settlement to track other assaults on press - Committee to Protect Journalists|website=cpj.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-10}}
68. ^Bozeman Daily Chronicle, Whitney Bermes, October 11, 2017, [https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/politics/judge-releases-congressman-gianforte-s-mugshot/article_af6ccc66-e32d-5b76-9c46-fec7f41e9069.html Judge releases Congressman Gianforte’s mugshot], Retrieved October 11, 2017.
69. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/12/politics/greg-gianforte-assault-plea/index.html|title=Gianforte pleads guilty to assault in incident with reporter|last=CNN|first=Kyung Lah, Noa Yadidi and Carma Hassan|website=CNN|access-date=2017-06-12}}
70. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/incoming-gop-congressman-greg-gianforte-to-plead-guilty-to-assault-on-reporter-1497280559|title=Incoming GOP Congressman Greg Gianforte Pleads Guilty to Assault on Reporter|last=Andrews|first=Natalie|date=2017-06-12|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2017-06-12|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}
71. ^https://www.cbsnews.com | Newly elected Montana Rep. Greg Gianforte sentenced for assault | CBS/AP | June 12, 2017 | [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/newly-elected-montana-rep-greg-gianforte-sentenced-for-assault/]
72. ^{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/337438-gianforte-sentenced-to-complete-community-service-after-report-assault|title=Gianforte sentenced to complete community service after assaulting reporter|first=Rebecca|last=Savransky|date=June 12, 2017|newspaper=The Hill|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}
73. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/crime/gianforte-sentenced-to-anger-management-community-service-for-assault-of/article_b6e6241e-e1a3-56fe-a32a-6a02ba234129.html|title=Gianforte sentenced to anger management, community service for assault of reporter|first=Whitney|last=Bermes|newspaper=Bozeman Daily Chronicle |accessdate=June 22, 2017}}
74. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/al-franken-resignation-calls-senate-address-live-stream-updating/|title=Sen. Al Franken says he's resigning – live stream updates|last=Watson|first=Kathryn|date=December 7, 2017|publisher=CBS News|access-date=December 7, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207173720/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/al-franken-resignation-calls-senate-address-live-stream-updating/|archivedate=December 7, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
75. ^{{cite news |author=Leigh Ann Caldwell |author2=Alex Moe |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Arizona Rep. Trent Franks quits after asking female staffers about surrogacy |publisher=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/arizona-rep-trent-franks-expected-announce-resignation-n827531}}
76. ^[https://www.cnn.com] | Marco Rubio fires chief of staff over misconduct allegations | Lauren Holt | February 1, 2018 | [https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/28/politics/marco-rubio-fires-chief-of-staff/index.html]
77. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | Rubio fires chief of staff after allegations of ‘improper conduct’ | Sean Sullivan | January 28, 2018 | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/01/28/rubio-fires-chief-of-staff-after-allegations-of-improper-conduct/]
78. ^{{cite news |author=Matt Zapotosky |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Federal appeals judge announces immediate retirement amid probe of sexual misconduct allegations |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-appeals-judge-announces-immediate-retirement-amid-investigation-prompted-by-accusations-of-sexual-misconduct/2017/12/18/6e38ada4-e3fd-11e7-a65d-1ac0fd7f097e_story.html}}
79. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/11/us/katherine-archuleta-director-of-office-of-personnel-management-resigns.html |title=Katherine Archuleta, Director of Personnel Agency, Resigns |newspaper=The New York Times |author=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=July 10, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216130309/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/11/us/katherine-archuleta-director-of-office-of-personnel-management-resigns.html |archivedate=December 16, 2016}}
80. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=VA chief: 18 vets left off waiting list have died |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whitehouse/va-chief-18-vets-left-off-waiting-list-have-died/2014/06/05/1f5999c6-ed0e-11e3-8a8a-e17c08f80871_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=June 6, 2014}}
81. ^{{cite news |author1=Scott Bronstein |author2=Drew Griffin |lastauthoramp=yes |title=A fatal wait: Veterans languish and die on a VA hospital's secret list |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/23/health/veterans-dying-health-care-delays/ |publisher=CNN |accessdate=May 31, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531025417/http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/23/health/veterans-dying-health-care-delays/ |archivedate=May 31, 2014}}
82. ^{{cite news |title=Obama vows action on any VA 'misconduct' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-27508745 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=May 31, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531015336/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-27508745 |archivedate=May 31, 2014}}
83. ^{{cite news |title=Veterans Secretary Eric Shinseki resigns after report |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-27640375 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=May 31, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531003636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-27640375 |archivedate=May 31, 2014}}
84. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/top-senate-republican-calls-irs-investigation-175210457.html |title=White House calls for IRS investigation | The Ticket – Yahoo! News |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=June 21, 2011 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608094632/http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/top-senate-republican-calls-irs-investigation-175210457.html |archivedate=June 8, 2013}}
85. ^{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/policy/finance/307813-irs-ig-says-audit-limited-to-tea-party-groups |title=IG: Audit of IRS actions limited to Tea Party groups at GOP request |work=The Hill |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183618/http://thehill.com/policy/finance/307813-irs-ig-says-audit-limited-to-tea-party-groups |archivedate=January 17, 2016}}
86. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/24/politics/irs-targeting/index.html |title=IRS targeting included liberal groups |author=Dana Bash |author2=Deirdre Walsh |author3=Tom Cohen |date=June 24, 2013 |publisher=CNN |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095209/http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/24/politics/irs-targeting/index.html |archivedate=February 5, 2016}}
87. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/06/25/195405956/irs-systematically-targeted-progressive-groups-too |title=IRS Systematically Targeted 'Progressive' Groups Too |date=June 25, 2013 |publisher=NPR |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221120050/http://www.npr.org/2013/06/25/195405956/irs-systematically-targeted-progressive-groups-too |archivedate=February 21, 2016}}
88. ^{{cite news |title=Acting director of IRS forced to resign amid furor over targeting of conservative groups |author=Zachary A. Goldfarb |author2=Juliet Eilperin |date=May 15, 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-05-15/business/39279337_1_benghazi-president-obama-white-house |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113163313/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-05-15/business/39279337_1_benghazi-president-obama-white-house |archivedate=November 13, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}
89. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2014/01/14/no-criminal-charges-expected-in-fbi-investigation-into-irs-scandal/ |title=No Criminal Charges Expected In FBI Investigation Into IRS Scandal |author=Kelly Phillips Erb |date=January 14, 2014 |work=Forbes |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116032158/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2014/01/14/no-criminal-charges-expected-in-fbi-investigation-into-irs-scandal/ |archivedate=January 16, 2014}}
90. ^{{cite news |title=I.R.S. Suspends Official at Center of Storm |author=Jonathan Weisman |date=May 23, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/24/us/politics/irs-official-who-refused-to-testify-is-put-on-leave.html?_r=0 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105113414/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/24/us/politics/irs-official-who-refused-to-testify-is-put-on-leave.html?_r=0 |archivedate=November 5, 2015}}
91. ^{{cite news |title=Lois Lerner, IRS official in tea party scandal, forced out for 'neglect of duties' |author=Stephen Dinan |date=September 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Times |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/sep/23/lois-lerner-irs-official-tea-party-scandal-retires/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113201343/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/sep/23/lois-lerner-irs-official-tea-party-scandal-retires/ |archivedate=November 13, 2013}}
92. ^{{cite news |title=Second IRS official resigns after scandal |author=Aamer Madhani |author2=Gregory Korte |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 16, 2013 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/05/16/obama-new-irs-commisioner/2165901/}}
93. ^{{cite news |publisher=ABC News |date=June 28, 2012 |title=House Holds Eric Holder in Contempt |author1=John Parkinson |author2=Chris Good |lastauthoramp=yes |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/house-prepares-for-holder-contempt-vote/ |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306025350/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/house-prepares-for-holder-contempt-vote/ |archivedate=March 6, 2013}}
94. ^{{cite news |date=May 27, 2012 |title=Labor Board Member Resigns Over Leak to G.O.P. Allies |author=Steven Greenhouse |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/28/business/gop-labor-board-member-terence-flynn-quits-over-leak.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108185926/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/28/business/gop-labor-board-member-terence-flynn-quits-over-leak.html |archivedate=January 8, 2017}}
95. ^{{cite web |date=April 2, 2012 |url=http://dcrealestate.citybizlist.com/5/2012/4/2/GSA-Statement-on-Resignation-of-Martha-Johnson-Ouster-of-Bob-Peck.aspx |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405213138/http://dcrealestate.citybizlist.com/5/2012/4/2/GSA-Statement-on-Resignation-of-Martha-Johnson-Ouster-of-Bob-Peck.aspx |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |title=GSA Statement on Resignation of Martha Johnson, Ouster of Bob Peck |location=Washington |publisher=Citybizlist.com |accessdate=April 4, 2012}}
96. ^{{cite news |date=April 3, 2012 |title=GSA chief gone, but fallout continues in wake of lavish convention expense |author=Paul Courson |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-04-03/politics/politics_gsa-fallout_1_gsa-employees-training-conference-gsa-inspector?_s=PM:POLITICS |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104520/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-04-03/politics/politics_gsa-fallout_1_gsa-employees-training-conference-gsa-inspector?_s=PM%3APOLITICS |archivedate=January 17, 2013}}
97. ^{{cite news |title=GSA head resigns amid reports of lavish spending |publisher=WBOY-TV |date=April 2, 2012 |author=Philip Elliott |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4693190 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412200530/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46931908 |archivedate=April 12, 2012}}
98. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.federalnewsradio.com/?nid=447&sid=2814682 |title=Former GSA head faults regional commissioners in spending scandal |publisher=Federal News Radio |date=April 4, 2012 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104436/http://www.federalnewsradio.com/?nid=447&sid=2814682 |archivedate=January 17, 2013}}
99. ^{{cite news |last=Goldman |first=Adam |date=23 April 2015 |title=Petraeus pleads guilty to mishandling classified material, will face probation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/petraeus-set-to-plead-guilty-to-mishandling-classified-materials/2015/04/22/3e6dbf20-e8f5-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |location= |access-date=12 April 2018}}
100. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/21/politics/chaka-fattah-found-guilty-corruption/index.html |title=Fattah convicted in corruption case |last=CNN |first=Eric Bradner |publisher=CNN |access-date=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228023645/http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/21/politics/chaka-fattah-found-guilty-corruption/index.html |archivedate=December 28, 2016}}
101. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/judge-upholds-chaka-fattah-conviction |title=Judge Upholds Chaka Fattah Conviction |date=October 21, 2016 |newspaper=Roll Call |access-date=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104163354/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/judge-upholds-chaka-fattah-conviction |archivedate=January 4, 2017}}
102. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/12/12/onetime-congressional-rising-star-chaka-fattah-sentenced-to-10-years/ |title=Onetime congressional rising star Chaka Fattah sentenced to 10 years |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103020133/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/12/12/onetime-congressional-rising-star-chaka-fattah-sentenced-to-10-years/ |archivedate=January 3, 2017}}
103. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/06/23/rep-chaka-fattah-resigns-congress-effective-immediately/86291588/ |title=Rep. Chaka Fattah resigns from Congress, effective immediately |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626073809/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/06/23/rep-chaka-fattah-resigns-congress-effective-immediately/86291588/ |archivedate=June 26, 2016}}
104. ^{{cite news |last1=Hernandez |first1=Raymond |title=Anthony D. Weiner Announces His Resignation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/nyregion/anthony-d-weiner-tells-friends-he-will-resign.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 16, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208090512/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/nyregion/anthony-d-weiner-tells-friends-he-will-resign.html |archivedate=February 8, 2017}}
105. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rep-david-wu-d-ore-says-he-will-resign-after-report-of-sexual-encounter/2011/07/26/gIQALrQGbI_story.html |title=Rep. David Wu (D-Ore.) says he will resign after report of sexual 'encounter' |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104162709/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rep-david-wu-d-ore-says-he-will-resign-after-report-of-sexual-encounter/2011/07/26/gIQALrQGbI_story.html |archivedate=January 4, 2017}}
106. ^{{cite news |last=Stern |first=Remy |title=The Craigslist Congressman and the Crossdressing Prostitute |url=http://gawker.com/5769037/the-craigslist-congressman-and-the-crossdressing-prostitute |publisher=Gawker |date=February 25, 2011 |accessdate=October 26, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012092714/http://gawker.com/5769037/the-craigslist-congressman-and-the-crossdressing-prostitute |archivedate=October 12, 2012 |df=}}
107. ^{{cite news |publisher=Fox News |department=Politics |date=June 9, 2015 |title=Ex-House Speaker Dennis Hastert pleads not guilty in hush money case |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/06/09/hastert-makes-first-court-appearance-in-hush-money-case/ |access-date=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019054851/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/06/09/hastert-makes-first-court-appearance-in-hush-money-case/ |archivedate=October 19, 2015}}
108. ^Ross, Brian, Rhonda Schwartz and John Capell, "Exclusive: Alleged Dennis Hastert Sex Abuse Victim Named by Family" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730165018/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/exclusive-alleged-dennis-hastert-sex-abuse-victim-named/story?id=31530828 |date=July 30, 2015 }}, ABC News, June 5, 2015
109. ^{{cite news |author=Monica Davey |author2=Mitch Smith |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/us/dennis-hastert-guilty-plea.html |title=Dennis Hastert, Ex-Speaker of House, Pleads Guilty |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 28, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413070636/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/us/dennis-hastert-guilty-plea.html |archivedate=April 13, 2016}}
110. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/17/politics/aaron-schock-resigns/index.html |title=Aaron Schock resigns amid scandal |publisher=CNN |first=Dana |last=Bash |first2=Jeff |last2=Zeleny |first3=Alexandra |last3=Jaffe |date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428014710/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/17/politics/aaron-schock-resigns/index.html |archivedate=April 28, 2017}}
111. ^{{cite news |author=Katherine Skiba |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-aaron-schock-adviser-resigns-met-20150205-story.html |title=Schock's spokesman resigns over questionable Facebook posts |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=February 5, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406174318/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-aaron-schock-adviser-resigns-met-20150205-story.html |archivedate=April 6, 2015}}
112. ^{{cite news |title=GOP consultant admits lying to ethics investigators |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/09/08/gop-consultant-guilty-ethics-broun-mcmorris-rodgers-odonnell/71883628/ |accessdate=September 13, 2015}}
113. ^Kathleen Gray, "McCotter 'asleep at the switch' as petitions were faked" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124015605/http://archive.freep.com/article/20120810/NEWS01/308100068/Thaddeus-McCotter-asleep-at-the-switch-as-petitions-were-faked-attorney-general-says |date=January 24, 2015 }}, Detroit Free Press, August 10, 2012.
114. ^{{cite news |date=January 18, 2013 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=WWJ-TV |url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2013/01/18/2-ex-mccotter-aides-sentenced-in-election-scandal/ |title=2 Ex-McCotter Aides Sentenced In Election Scandal |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026200406/http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2013/01/18/2-ex-mccotter-aides-sentenced-in-election-scandal/ |archivedate=October 26, 2014}}
115. ^{{cite news |date=January 18, 2013 |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/former-staffers-for-thaddeus-mccotter-sentenced-in-false-signatures-case |title=Former staffers for Thaddeus McCotter sentenced in false signatures case |publisher=WXYZ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120003332/http://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/former-staffers-for-thaddeus-mccotter-sentenced-in-false-signatures-case |archivedate=January 20, 2015}}
116. ^{{cite news |publisher=www.mlive.com/news/detroit |title=Ex-Thad McCotter aide receives no jail time for role in petition fraud scandal |first=Gus |last=Burns |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2013/07/ex-thad_mccotter_aide_receives.html |access-date=April 16, 2017 |date=July 13, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514035052/http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2013/07/ex-thad_mccotter_aide_receives.html |archivedate=May 14, 2016}}
117. ^{{cite news |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |date=October 25, 2012 |title=McCotter staffer Lorianne O'Brady sentenced |agency=Associated Press |url=http://archive.freep.com/article/20121025/NEWS15/121025049/Thaddeus-McCotter-Lorianne-O-Brady-sentencing |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119233748/http://archive.freep.com/article/20121025/NEWS15/121025049/Thaddeus-McCotter-Lorianne-O-Brady-sentencing |archivedate=January 19, 2015 |df=}}
118. ^{{cite news |last1=Warren |first1=Michael |title=McConnell Aide Resigns As Ron Paul Scandal Develops |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/mcconnell-aide-resigns-ron-paul-scandal-develops_804272.html |work=The Weekly Standard |accessdate=September 2, 2014}}
119. ^{{cite news |newspaper=Miami Herald |date=August 19, 2014 |title=David Rivera named co-conspirator as friend pleads guilty in campaign-finance case |first=Marc |last=Caputo |first2=Jay |last2=Weaver |first3=Patricia |last3=Mazzei |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/08/19/4297431/week-before-trial-ana-alliegro.html |access-date=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904073650/http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/08/19/4297431/week-before-trial-ana-alliegro.html |archivedate=September 4, 2014}}
120. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/content/11-ethics-counts-filed-against-us-rep-david-rivera |title=11 ethics counts filed against U.S. Rep. David Rivera |work=Tampa Bay Times |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124517/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/content/11-ethics-counts-filed-against-us-rep-david-rivera |archivedate=September 3, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
121. ^{{cite news |author=Marc Caputo |author2=Patricia Mazzei |date=October 9, 2014 |title=Federal judge calls out David Rivera, sentences Ana Alliegro to six months of house arrest |newspaper=The Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article2084886.html |accessdate=September 10, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920023415/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article2084886.html |archivedate=September 20, 2014}}
122. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/rick-renzi-convicted_n_3424403.html |publisher=The Huffington Post |title=Former GOP Rep Convicted On Corruption Charges |date=June 11, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223003955/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/rick-renzi-convicted_n_3424403.html |archivedate=December 23, 2014}}
123. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/01/04/179031/idaho-sen-mike-crapo-pleads-guilty.html#.UgXE2WQae0w |title=Idaho Sen. Mike Crapo pleads guilty to drunken driving |publisher=McClatchy DC |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012851/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/01/04/179031/idaho-sen-mike-crapo-pleads-guilty.html |archivedate=December 3, 2013}}
124. ^{{cite news |url=http://guardianlv.com/2013/01/idaho-senator-joe-crapo-convicted-in-a-virginia-court/ |title=Idaho Senator Joe Crapo Convicted in a Virginia Court |publisher=Guardian Liberty Voice |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012001/http://guardianlv.com/2013/01/idaho-senator-joe-crapo-convicted-in-a-virginia-court/ |archivedate=December 3, 2013}}
125. ^{{cite news |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-01-04/politics/36209171_1_mormon-alcohol-larry-e-craig |work=The Washington Post |first1=Jason |last1=Horowitz |title=Sen. Mike Crapo pleads guilty to drunken driving |date=January 5, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203024300/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-01-04/politics/36209171_1_mormon-alcohol-larry-e-craig |archivedate=December 3, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}
126. ^{{cite news |date=November 19, 2013 |title=Florida Rep. Trey Radel Charged With Cocaine Possession |first=Scott |last=Neuman |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/19/246215030/florida-rep-trey-radel-charged-with-cocaine-possession |access-date=April 16, 2017 |publisher=NPR |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501120927/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/19/246215030/florida-rep-trey-radel-charged-with-cocaine-possession |archivedate=May 1, 2015}}
127. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/florida-congressman-radel-gets-probation-cocaine-charge-160555489.html |title=Florida Congressman Radel gets probation on cocaine charge |date=November 20, 2013 |publisher=Yahoo! News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011241/http://news.yahoo.com/florida-congressman-radel-gets-probation-cocaine-charge-160555489.html |archivedate=December 23, 2014}}
128. ^{{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=Mike |last2=Parks |first2=Maryalice |title=Florida Rep. Trey Radel to Take Leave of Absence After Cocaine Charge |url=https://gma.yahoo.com/florida-rep-trey-radel-leave-absence-cocaine-charge-052129155--abc-news-topstories.html |publisher=ABC News |date=November 21, 2013 |accessdate=February 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223024539/https://gma.yahoo.com/florida-rep-trey-radel-leave-absence-cocaine-charge-052129155--abc-news-topstories.html |archivedate=December 23, 2014}}
129. ^{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |title=Jesse Jackson Jr. Pleads Guilty: 'I Lived Off My Campaign' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/us/politics/jesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 20, 2013 |accessdate=February 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329194446/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/us/politics/jesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html |archivedate=March 29, 2015}}
130. ^{{cite news |last=Yager |first=Jordy |title=Ethics Committee finds Rep. Laura Richardson guilty on seven counts |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/241573-ethics-panel-finds-rep-laura-richardson-guilty-on-seven-counts |newspaper=The Hill |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803014403/http://thehill.com/homenews/house/241573-ethics-panel-finds-rep-laura-richardson-guilty-on-seven-counts |archivedate=August 3, 2012}}
131. ^{{cite news |last=Pershing |first=Ben |title=Ethics panel says Rep. Laura Richardson broke federal law, obstructed probe |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/ethics-panel-says-rep-laura-richardson-broke-federal-law-obstructed-probe/2012/08/01/gJQAf0FNPX_blog.html?wpisrc=al_politics_p |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 1, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623030507/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/ethics-panel-says-rep-laura-richardson-broke-federal-law-obstructed-probe/2012/08/01/gJQAf0FNPX_blog.html?wpisrc=al_politics_p |archivedate=June 23, 2015}}
132. ^{{cite news |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/senator-ensign-to-resign-amid-inquiry/?hp |title=Senator Ensign to Resign Amid Inquiry |publisher=The New York Times Caucus blog |date=April 21, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424114757/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/senator-ensign-to-resign-amid-inquiry/?hp |archivedate=April 24, 2011}}
133. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42711091/ns/politics-capitol_hill/ |title=Nevada senator, facing ethics probe, says he'll resign |publisher=MSNBC |date=April 21, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425035241/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42711091/ns/politics-capitol_hill |archivedate=April 25, 2011}}
134. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/ensign-quits-senate-gop-l_n_216842.html |title=Ensign Quits Senate GOP Leadership Post After Admitting Affair |author=David Espo |date=June 17, 2009 |publisher=The Huffington Post |accessdate=June 9, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822080024/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/17/ensign-quits-senate-gop-l_n_216842.html |archivedate=August 22, 2009}}
135. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/09/30/us/politics/20091001-NEVADA.html |title=Timeline: An Affair and Its Aftermath |work=The New York Times |first1=Elisabeth |last1=Goodridge |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton/ |date=October 1, 2009 |accessdate=June 9, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517023000/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/09/30/us/politics/20091001-NEVADA.html |archivedate=May 17, 2011}}
136. ^{{cite news |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal |date=May 15, 2012 |title=Doug Hampton reaches plea deal in illegal lobbying charges |first=Steve |last=Tetreault |url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/doug-hampton-reaches-plea-deal-on-illegal-lobbying-charges-151615365.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104520/http://www.lvrj.com/news/doug-hampton-reaches-plea-deal-on-illegal-lobbying-charges-151615365.html |archivedate=January 17, 2013 |df=}}
137. ^{{cite news |publisher=CNN |date=July 17, 2015 |title=Former Rep. Michael Grimm sentenced to 8 months for tax evasion |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/17/politics/michael-grimm-sentenced-eight-months/ |department=Politics |first=Tom |last=LoBianco |access-date=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105084027/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/17/politics/michael-grimm-sentenced-eight-months |archivedate=November 5, 2016}}
138. ^Andrea Noble, May 5, 2016 "Three former Ron Paul staffers guilty in campaign-bribery case", The Washington Times.
139. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The Des Moines Register |date=November 2, 2015 |title=One Ron Paul staffer convicted, another acquitted |first=Grant grodgers@dmreg.com |last=Rodgers |url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2015/10/22/split-verdict-ron-paul-endorsement-trial/74252782/ |access-date=April 16, 2017}}
140. ^http://www.desmoinesregister.com, November 2, 2015, One Ron Paul staffer convicted, another acquitted By Grant Rodgers, grodgers@dmreg.com  
141. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com, Ex-aide to Sen. Thad Cochran receives 30-month sentence in D.C. drug case By Spencer S. Hsu, January 20, 2016, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ex-aide-to-sen-thad-cochran-receives-30-month-sentence-in-dc-drug-case/2016/01/20/16d13376-bf8b-11e5-83d4-42e3bceea902_story.html]
142. ^http://www.nbcnews.com, April 25, 2015, Staffer for Senator Thad Cochran Arrested on Drug Charges by NBC News  
143. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/05/05/trump-super-pac-strategist-found-guilty-of-2012-campaign-finance-violations/|title=Trump super PAC strategist found guilty of 2012 campaign-finance violations|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2016-05-05}}
144. ^http://www.courier-journal.com. Top Ron Paul aide Jesse Benton avoids prison by Grant Rodgers, USA TODAY Network, September 20, 2016,  
145. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2012/nov/15/scott-desjarlais-supported-abortions-slept-patient |title=Scott DesJarlais supported ex-wife's abortions, slept with patients, divorce transcript shows |author1=Chris Carroll |author2=Kate Harrison |newspaper=Chattanooga Times Free Press |date=November 15, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526095601/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2012/nov/15/scott-desjarlais-supported-abortions-slept-patient/ |archivedate=May 26, 2013}}
146. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.citizensforethics.org/page/-/PDFs/Legal/Investigation/11_27_12_DesJarlais_OCE_Complaint.pdf?nocdn=1 |title=Request for Investigation into Conduct of Rep. Scott DesJarlais (R-TN) |date=November 27, 2012 |publisher=CREW|access-date=April 27, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20121207152756/http://www.citizensforethics.org/page/-/PDFs/Legal/Investigation/11_27_12_DesJarlais_OCE_Complaint.pdf?nocdn=1 |archivedate=December 7, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}
147. ^{{cite news |author=Ryan J. Reilly |url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/former-obama-advisor-aide-to-nj-dem-arrested-on-child-sex-charges |title=Former Obama Advisor, Aide To NJ Dem, Arrested On Child Sex Charges |publisher=TPM |date=November 23, 2010 |accessdate=July 2, 2014}}
148. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The Star-Ledger |location=Newark |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/10/ex-aide_to_nj_congressman_gets.html |title=Ex-aide to N.J. congressman gets 18 months in jail for soliciting sex from a minor |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=July 2, 2014}}
149. ^nydailynews.com, June 24, 2014, Staffer to Ohio congressman resigns after porn star ex tweets picture of his penis BY ADAM EDELMAN,  
150. ^{{Cite news |title=U.S. senator Mike Crapo pleads guilty to DWI charge|url=http://www.klewtv.com/news/local/crapo-DUI-Arrest-idaho-Mike-185652502.html|publisher=KLEW-TV |accessdate=January 4, 2013}}
151. ^{{cite news |title=9 Politicians Busted for Drugs (Even Staunch Drug War Supporters) |author=McCarton Ackerman |date=June 20, 2013 |publisher=AlterNet |url=https://www.alternet.org/drugs/10-politicians-tripped-upped-drugs}}
152. ^The Associated Press, April 5, 2015   Aide to New Hampshire Senator Kelly Ayotte resigns following Nashua prostitution arrest
153. ^{{cite news |author=Jennifer Crompton |date=April 5, 2015 |title=Ayotte's state director among 10 arrested in Nashua prostitution sting |publisher=WMUR |url=http://www.wmur.com/news/sen-ayottes-state-director-resigns-after-prostitutionrelated-arrest/32199686}}
154. ^{{cite news |author=Carol Robidoux |date=October 9, 2015 |title=Wihby strikes plea deal to lesser charge of lewdness in April arrest |publisher=Manchester Ink Link |url=http://manchesterinklink.com/wihby-strikes-plea-deal-to-lesser-charge-of-lewdness-after-april-arrest-in-nashua/}}
155. ^http://www.salon.com, June 1, 2015, America's most heinous judge resigns: Wife-beater Mark Fuller leaves the bench, finally, but not easily by BRAD FRIEDMAN  
156. ^Timothy M. Phelps (March 15, 2015), "U.S. Judge Mark Fuller of Alabama may face ouster after domestic abuse claim", Los Angeles Times.
157. ^http://www.al.com/news | Federal judge Mark Fuller accepts plea deal in domestic violence case; could have arrest record expunged | Kent Faulk | kfaulk@al.com By Kent Faulk | updated September 5, 2014 |  
158. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/us/politics/09judge.html |date=December 9, 2010 |page=A27 |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Senate, for Just the 8th time, Votes to Oust a Federal Judge |authorlink=Jennifer Steinhauer |first=Jennifer |last=Steinhauer |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201132125/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/us/politics/09judge.html |archivedate=February 1, 2014}}
159. ^{{cite news |author=Bruce Alpert |title=Judge Thomas Porteous impeached by U.S. House of Representatives |newspaper=New Orleans Times-Picayune |date=March 11, 2010 |url=http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2010/03/judge_thomas_porteous_impeache.html |accessdate=April 24, 2010 |quote= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419072017/http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2010/03/judge_thomas_porteous_impeache.html |archivedate=April 19, 2010}}
160. ^Powell, Stewart (June 19, 2009). "U.S. House impeaches Kent". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6488310.html. Retrieved June 19, 2009. (Archived by WebCite at https://www.webcitation.org/5hfRJRw37)
161. ^{{cite news |author=Michael A. Memoli |title=Senate convicts Louisiana federal judge in impeachment trial |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 9, 2010 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-pn-senate-impeachment-20101209,0,1851163.story |accessdate=December 9, 2010 |quote=The Senate also voted to bar him from ever holding public office in the future... The vote on the first count was unanimous, 96-0. On subsequent counts, the votes were 69–27, 88–8, and 90–6. Impeachment required a vote of two-thirds of the Senate.}}
162. ^{{cite web |url=https://openjurist.org/judge/samuel-b-kent |title=Samuel B. Kent |publisher=OpenJurist |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220070341/http://m.openjurist.org/judge/samuel-b-kent |archivedate=December 20, 2016}}
163. ^{{cite news |author=Walter Pavlo |date=March 15, 2011 |title=U.S. Federal Judge Jack Camp Retired To Discover Life of Crime |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2011/03/15/u-s-federal-judge-jack-camp-retired-to-discover-life-of-crime/ |accessdate=January 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120040748/http://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2011/03/15/u-s-federal-judge-jack-camp-retired-to-discover-life-of-crime/ |archivedate=January 20, 2015}}
164. ^{{cite news |date=November 27, 2010 |title=Judge Camp Pleads Guilty To 2 Drug Charges |author=Alex McRae |url=http://www.times-herald.com/local/Camp-to-plead-guilty-Friday-57686 |newspaper=Times-Herald |accessdate=January 19, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120003318/http://www.times-herald.com/local/Camp-to-plead-guilty-Friday-57686 |archivedate=January 20, 2015 |df=}}
165. ^{{cite news |author=Bill Rankin |date=March 11, 2011 |title=Ex-judge Camp sentenced to 30 days in prison |newspaper=Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/judge-camp-sentenced-days-prison/FQhgyRbi1JD1oK28fQRGoJ/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120005130/http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/ex-judge-camp-sentenced-to-30-days-in-prison/nQrRq/ |archivedate=January 20, 2015}}
166. ^{{cite news |title=Federal judge pleads guilty to drug charge |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/federal-judge-pleads-guilty-746881.html |author=Bill Rankin |newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=November 19, 2010 |accessdate=November 23, 2010}}
167. ^{{cite news |title=Federal judge pleads guilty to helping stripper buy drugs |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AJ00M20101120 |publisher=Reuters |date=November 19, 2010 |accessdate=November 20, 2010}}
168. ^{{cite news|title=Chief U.S. District Judge sends racially charged email about president |work=Great Falls Tribune |date=February 29, 2012 }}
169. ^{{cite web|url=http://mtlowdown.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/chief-us-district-judge-sends-racially.html|title=Chief U.S. District Judge sends racially charged email about president |publisher=The Lowdown|date=February 29, 2012|accessdate=April 10, 2012}}
170. ^{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Clair |title=Crow Legislature calls for Judge Cebull's removal |url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/crow-legislature-calls-for-judge-cebull-s-removal/article_a45268f9-c6ff-51a5-b3b5-7c11c08038bd.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013| newspaper=Billings Gazette |date=March 19, 2012}}
171. ^{{cite news |title=Richard Cebull, Federal Judge Who Sent Racist Obama Email, Retires |first=Ryan J. |last=Reilly |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/03/richard-cebull-retires_n_3006753.html |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=April 3, 2013 |accessdate=May 21, 2013}}
172. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/Judge-Richard-Cebull-sent-hundreds-of-racist-5160325.php | title=Judge Richard Cebull sent hundreds of racist e-mails, panel says | work=San Francisco Chronicle | date=January 20, 2014 | accessdate=January 22, 2014 | author=Egelko, Bob}}
173. ^T. Christian Miller, The Scrutinizer Finds Himself Under Scrutiny,  , Los Angeles Times, September 25, 2005
174. ^{{cite news |author=T. Christian Miller |date=September 3, 2005 |title=Pentagon Investigator Resigning |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/03/nation/na-schmitz3 |accessdate=August 1, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019054851/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/03/nation/na-schmitz3 |archivedate=October 19, 2015}}
175. ^T. Christian Miller, "Pentagon Ousts Official Under FBI Investigation",  , Los Angeles Times, December 11, 2004
176. ^{{cite magazine |magazine=Congressional Record |date=September 27, 2005 |volume=151 |issue=122 |page=35 |title=Senate |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2005-09-27/pdf/CREC-2005-09-27.pdf |accessdate=August 1, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924072828/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2005-09-27/pdf/CREC-2005-09-27.pdf |archivedate=September 24, 2015}}
177. ^  | Friday, Mar. 02, 2007 | Firing the Wrong General | Mark Thompson/Washington |  
178. ^[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/09/20040915-5.html]
179. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/francis-harvey/ |title=Francis Harvey |accessdate=May 27, 2014 |publisher=Forbes |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104808/http://www.forbes.com/profile/francis-harvey/ |archivedate=May 31, 2014}}
180. ^ 
181. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | Friday, March 2, 2007 | Army Fires Commander of Walter Reed | Steve Vogel and William Branigin | Washington Post Staff Writers | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/01/AR2007030100999.html]
182. ^ 
183. ^  | Published March 01, 2007 | Top Army General Relieved of Command at Walter Reed Army Medical Center |  
184. ^[https://www.emsworld.com/article/10323980/profile-lieutenant-general-kevin-c-kiley-md-us-army-surgeon-general]
185. ^{{cite news |date=March 13, 2007 |title=Surgeon General of the Army Steps Down |author=Josh White |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/12/AR2007031200544.html |accessdate=May 27, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607133556/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/12/AR2007031200544.html |archivedate=June 7, 2014}}
186. ^{{cite news |title=Bush aide resigns over misuse of money in Cuban democracy organization |agency=Associated Press |date=March 28, 2008 |newspaper=New York Daily News |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/bush-aide-resigns-misuse-money-cuban-democracy-organization-article-1.290778 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525011315/http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/bush-aide-resigns-misuse-money-cuban-democracy-organization-article-1.290778 |archivedate=May 25, 2013 |deadurl=no |accessdate=February 19, 2013}}
187. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/bush-aide-30-months-prison-stealing-center-free-cuba-article-1.370267 |title=Former Bush aide gets 30 months in prison after stealing from Center for Free Cuba |newspaper=New York Daily News |date=March 18, 2009 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524020104/http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/bush-aide-30-months-prison-stealing-center-free-cuba-article-1.370267 |archivedate=May 24, 2013}}
188. ^http://www.christianitytoday.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229133530/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ |date=December 29, 2016 }}, January 7, 2012, "Q & A; Timothy Goeglein on Redemption After plagiarism" by Sarah Pulliam Bailey, {{Cite news |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/novemberweb-only/timothy-goeglein.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 8, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210190303/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/novemberweb-only/timothy-goeglein.html |archivedate=December 10, 2011}}
189. ^{{cite news |author=Justin Elliott |title=Ex-Bush Official Pleads Guilty To Contempt In Geeks On Call Case |publisher=Talking Points Memo |date=April 27, 2010 |url=http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/04/ex-bush_official_pleads_guilty_in_geeks_on_call_ca.php |accessdate=April 27, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430234232/http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/04/ex-bush_official_pleads_guilty_in_geeks_on_call_ca.php |archivedate=April 30, 2010}}
190. ^Hsu, spencer. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/03/AR2011020303180.html Bush whistle-blower protector faces jail] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111233833/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/03/AR2011020303180.html |date=November 11, 2012 }}. The Washington Post, February 3, 2010.
191. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/former-federal-official-sentenced-to-probation-and-a-day-in-jail/2013/06/24/435d0de8-dd02-11e2-9218-bc2ac7cd44e2_story.html |author=Marimow, Ann E. |title=Former federal official sentenced to probation with a day in jail |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 24, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125060959/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/former-federal-official-sentenced-to-probation-and-a-day-in-jail/2013/06/24/435d0de8-dd02-11e2-9218-bc2ac7cd44e2_story.html |archivedate=January 25, 2014 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}}
192. ^Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo (Associated Press), "Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial: Ex-Cheney Aide Libby Found Guilty of Obstruction, Perjury, Lying to the FBI in CIA Leak Case", ABC News, March 6, 2007
193. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/03/06/libby_guilty_of_4_out_of_5_charges/ |title=Libby found guilty in CIA leak trial |author=Michael J. Sniffen |author2=Matt Apuzzo |agency=Associated Press |date=March 6, 2007 |newspaper=The Boston Globe |accessdate=August 31, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201004523/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/03/06/libby_guilty_of_4_out_of_5_charges/ |archivedate=December 1, 2011}}
194. ^{{cite news |author=Karl de Vries |title=Trump pardons ex-Cheney aide Scooter Libby |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/13/politics/donald-trump-pardons-scooter-libby/index.html |date=April 13, 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=April 13, 2018}}
195. ^{{cite news |last1=Knowles |first1=Michael |title=Trump Rightly Pardons Scooter Libby a Decade After Bush Refused | url= https://www.dailywire.com/news/29414/trump-rightly-pardons-scooter-libby-decade-after-michael-j-knowles| accessdate= 14 April 2018}}
196. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2006/05/08/story1.html |title=HUD secretary's blunt warning Alphonso Jackson says deal was scuttled after contractor admits not liking Bush |author=Christine Perez |newspaper=Dallas Business Journal |date=May 7, 2006 |accessdate=August 31, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213140643/http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2006/05/08/story1.html |archivedate=December 13, 2011}}
197. ^Tom Hamburger, "Inquiry of Rove Brings Unit Out of Obscurity" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908084927/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/politics/2003678550_investigate24.html |date=September 8, 2008 }}, Los Angeles Times April 24, 2007, rpt. in The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
198. ^washingtonpost.com, October 24, 2007, state Dept. Ousts Its Chief of Security by Karen DeYoung {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/24/AR2007102401429.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 31, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223075018/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/24/AR2007102401429.html |archivedate=February 23, 2013}}
199. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.newsmeat.com/washington_political_donations/Howard_Krongard.php |title=NEWSMEAT ▷ Howard Krongard's Federal Campaign Contribution Report |publisher=Newsmeat.com |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118043952/http://newsmeat.com/washington_political_donations/Howard_Krongard.php |archivedate=January 18, 2013 |df=}}
200. ^{{cite news |last=Hess |first=Amanda |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/hot_document/features/2007/the_ballad_of_cookie_and_buzzy/_2.html |title=Slate Magazine |publisher=Slate |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108225405/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/hot_document/features/2007/the_ballad_of_cookie_and_buzzy/_2.html |archivedate=November 8, 2012}}
201. ^{{cite news |date=December 8, 2007 |title=State Dept.'s chief watchdog resigns |author=Paul Richter |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-krongard8dec08,0,2205571.story?coll=la-home-center |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023141534/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-krongard8dec08%2C0%2C2205571.story?coll=la-home-center |archivedate=October 23, 2012}}
202. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/18/AR2007091800799.html?hpid=topnews |title=State IG Accused of Averting Probes |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 19, 2007 |author=Glenn Kessler |author2=Karen DeYoung |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113954/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/18/AR2007091800799.html?hpid=topnews |archivedate=November 3, 2012}}
203. ^{{cite news |work=NewsHour with Jim Lehrer |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/law/jan-june07/attorneys_03-13.html |title=Gonzalez Admits 'Mistakes' |publisher=PBS |date=March 13, 2007 |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902135850/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/law/jan-june07/attorneys_03-13.html |archivedate=September 2, 2010}}
204. ^{{cite news |title=Charges may result from firings, say two former U.S. attorneys |first=David |last=Bowermaster |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=May 9, 2007 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003699882_webmckayforum09m.html |accessdate=May 16, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513000007/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003699882_webmckayforum09m.html |archivedate=May 13, 2007 |df=}}
205. ^{{cite news |title=Voter-Fraud Complaints by GOP Drove Dismissals |first=Dan |last=Eggen |author2=Amy Goldstein |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 14, 2007 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/13/AR2007051301106.html |accessdate=May 18, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319160933/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/13/AR2007051301106.html |archivedate=March 19, 2009}}
206. ^Jordan, Lara Jakes; (Associated Press) (September 15, 2007). "Attorney general bids farewell to Justice: Praises work of department". The Boston Globe. {{Cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/15/attorney_general_bids_farewell_to_justice/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 19, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620225904/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/15/attorney_general_bids_farewell_to_justice/ |archivedate=June 20, 2010}}. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
207. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/] | 2007/08/13 | Karl Rove, Top Strategist, Is Leaving the White House | Jim Rutenberg and Steven Lee Meyers | [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/13/washington/13cnd-rove.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=FACCB2B9D801DE83A3A05F690FD9ACC0&gwt=pay]
208. ^1 {{cite news |last=Hartley |first=Allegra |date=March 21, 2007 |title=Timeline: How the U.S. Attorneys Were Fired |work=US News & World Report |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070321/21attorneys-timeline.htm |accessdate=May 28, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528160426/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070321/21attorneys-timeline.htm |archivedate=May 28, 2007 |df=}}
209. ^Totenberg, Nina (August 24, 2007). "Schlozman Leaves Justice Dept. Amid Questions". NPR https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13920444#. Retrieved January 14, 2009.
210. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/16/washington/16elston.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 16, 2007 |title=Another Justice Department Official Resigns |author=David Johnston |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224071656/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/16/washington/16elston.html |archivedate=February 24, 2013}}
211. ^Dan Eggen (May 15, 2007). "Justice Dept.'s No. 2 to Resign: McNulty Is 4th to Quit Since Disputed Firings". The Washington Post. p. A01. {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/14/AR2007051401071.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 15, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901001708/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/14/AR2007051401071.html |archivedate=September 1, 2008}}.
212. ^Eggen, Dan (June 23, 2007). "Third-in-Command at Justice Dept. Resigns: Mercer to Leave Washington Job but Keep U.S. Attorney's Position in Montana". The Washington Post: pp. A04. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/22/AR2007062201291.html?nav=rss_print/asection {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106162205/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/22/AR2007062201291.html?nav=rss_print%2Fasection |date=November 6, 2012 }}. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
213. ^Jordan, Lara Jakes (April 6, 2007). "Gonzales aide Goodling resigns". Associated Press.
214. ^1 Ari Shapiro (July 25, 2007). "Bush Aides in Contempt; Will They Be Prosecuted?". All Things Considered (NPR). {{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12234115 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=July 26, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024353/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12234115 |archivedate=February 5, 2008}}.
215. ^Michael A. Fletcher (May 28, 2007). "Another Top Bush Aide Makes an Exit". The Washington Post. {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/27/AR2007052700896.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026144835/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/27/AR2007052700896.html |archivedate=October 26, 2012}}.
216. ^"Advisers' E-Mail Accounts May Have Mixed Politics and Business, White House Says" by Sheryl Gay Stolberg, The New York Times, April 12, 2007
217. ^CREW Releases New Report – "Without A Trace: The Missing White House Emails and The Violations of The Presidential Records Act" by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, April 13, 2006
218. ^{{cite news|date= 2008-05-01|last= Harrow|first= Robert|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/30/AR2008043001271.html?hpid=topnews|title= Doan Ends Her Stormy Tenure as GSA Chief|publisher= washingtonpost.com|accessdate = 2008-05-01}}
219. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/24/AR2007102402757.html?sid=ST2007102402846 | work=The Washington Post | title=White House Feels Waxman's Oversight Gaze | first=Jonathan | last=Weisman | date=October 25, 2007 | accessdate=May 11, 2010}}
220. ^Stout, David "Federal Contracting Chief Is Forced Out". The New York Times. (April 3, 2008)
221. ^Report: Contracting head illegally political – USATODAY.com
222. ^1 https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, March 24, 2007, "Former Aide Pleads Guilty to Lying" by Edmund L. Andrews
223. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032300768.html |title=Interior Department's No. 2 Resigns After Controversial Tenure | author=Andy Sullivan and James Vicini | publisher=Reuters| date=March 23, 2007}}
224. ^{{cite news |author=Richard B. Schmitt |date=March 24, 2007 |title=Griles guilty in Abramoff case |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/mar/24/nation/na-griles24}}
225. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.bismarcktribune.com/articles/2005/03/23/news/update/upd06.txt |title=Former Housing Board Chairman Agrees to Plead Guilty |date=March 23, 2005 |newspaper=The Bismarck Tribune |agency=Associated Press |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5vDksNhV3?url=http://www.bismarcktribune.com/articles/2005/03/23/news/update/upd06.txt |archivedate=December 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
226. ^{{cite web |title=Korsmo, John T. |publisher=Our Campaigns |date=May 22, 2003 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=12501}}
227. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2004/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick/15941/ |title=The Rise And Fall of A Maverick |publisher=Government Executive |date=February 1, 2004 |accessdate=March 31, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825082721/http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2004/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick/15941/ |archivedate=August 25, 2012}}
228. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html |title=Ex-Official Goes to Prison |date=January 5, 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209030954/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html |archivedate=February 9, 2010}}
229. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/04/60II/main664652.shtml |title=Cashing In For Profit? |date=January 4, 2005 |publisher=CBS News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919123913/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/04/60ii/main664652.shtml |archivedate=September 19, 2012}}
230. ^{{cite web |author=Rick S. Piltz |title=On Issues of Concern about the Governance of the Climate Change Science Program |url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2005/jun/policy/figures/Piltz_Memo.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070928025314/http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2005/jun/policy/figures/Piltz_Memo.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |date=June 1, 2005 |pages=10–11 |accessdate=June 8, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}
231. ^{{cite news |author=Andrew Revkin |title=Editor of Climate Report Resigns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/politics/11cooney.long.html |date=June 10, 2005 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=April 23, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514153207/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/politics/11cooney.long.html |archivedate=May 14, 2013}}
232. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21418971-2703,00.html |title=Climate science was doctored |author=Robert Lusetich |date=March 21, 2007 |newspaper=The Australian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724062729/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0%2C20867%2C21418971-2703%2C00.html |archivedate=July 24, 2009 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
233. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.whistleblower.org/content/press_detail.cfm?press_id=838&keyword= |title=House Probe Turns to Role of Cheney's Office |date=March 20, 2007 |accessdate=June 8, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222003/http://www.whistleblower.org/content/press_detail.cfm?press_id=838&keyword= |archivedate=September 27, 2007}}
234. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7599249.stm |title=US lobbyist jailed for corruption |publisher=BBC News |date=September 4, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019054851/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7599249.stm |archivedate=October 19, 2015 }}
235. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/04/AR2008090402321.html?hpid=topnews |title=Abramoff Sentenced to 4 Years in Prison for Corruption |work=The Washington Post |author=Del Quentin Wilber |author2=Carrie Johnson |date=September 4, 2008 |accessdate=September 4, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109013732/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/04/AR2008090402321.html?hpid=topnews |archivedate=November 9, 2010}}
236. ^{{cite press release |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs |date=October 16, 2009 |title=Former GSA Chief of Staff David Safavian Sentenced for Obstruction of Justice and Making False Statements |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/former-gsa-chief-staff-david-safavian-sentenced-obstruction-justice-and-making-false}}
237. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1138.html |title=#08-1138: Former GSA Chief of Staff David Safavian Convicted of Obstruction, Making False Statements (2008-12-19) |publisher=Justice.gov |date=December 19, 2008 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826234455/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1138.html |archivedate=August 26, 2013}}
238. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/20/AR2006062001626.html |work=The Washington Post |title=Ex-Aide To Bush Found Guilty |first=Jeffrey H. |last=Birnbaum |date=June 21, 2006 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030202733/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/20/AR2006062001626.html |archivedate=October 30, 2010}}
239. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15446565/ |title=Safavian sentenced to 18 months in jail – politics | NBC News |publisher=MSNBC |date=October 27, 2006 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104140809/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15446565/ |archivedate=November 4, 2012}}
240. ^{{Cite news |last1=Seidman |first1=Joel |title=Abramoff's Interior link gets 2 years probation |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16541877/ns/politics/t/abramoffs-interior-link-gets-years-probation/ |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=June 24, 2017 |date=January 9, 2007}}
241. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208221807/http://www.al-oholicsanonymous.com/interviews/washpost.html |date=February 8, 2001 }}, October 7, 2006, "Rove Aid Linked to Abramoff Resigns" by Peter Baker and James V. Grimaldi
242. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/06/06/national/w145234D83.DTL |title=New Charges Filed in Abramoff Probe |author=Matt Apuzzo |agency=Associated Press |date=June 6, 2007 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}
243. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-06-08-1376100897_x.htm |title=GOP fundraiser pleads guilty in probe |author=Mark Heilprin |agency=Associated Press |date=June 8, 2007 |work=USA Today |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006134943/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-06-08-1376100897_x.htm |archivedate=October 6, 2008}}
244. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121402008_pf.html |title=Republican With Links to Abramoff Is Sentenced |author=Susan Schmidt |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 15, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103225905/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121402008_pf.html |archivedate=November 3, 2012}}
245. ^{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/abramoff-investigation-leads-to-another-guilty-plea-2007-07-14.html |title=Abramoff investigation leads to another guilty plea |newspaper=The Hill |author=Mike Soraghan |date=July 14, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112104714/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/abramoff-investigation-leads-to-another-guilty-plea-2007-07-14.html |archivedate=November 12, 2008}}
246. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-Official Linked to Abramoff Pleads Guilty |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/22/AR2008042202430_pf.html |date=April 23, 2008 |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=James |last=Grimaldi |accessdate=December 4, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107022551/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/22/AR2008042202430_pf.html |archivedate=November 7, 2012}}
247. ^{{cite news |author=Debbi Baker |date=September 29, 2008 |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/cunningham/20080929-1220-bn29foggo.html |title=Randy 'Duke' Cunningham – Foggo pleads guilty to fraud |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120014944/http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/politics/cunningham/20080929-1220-bn29foggo.html |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df=}}
248. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101920.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 2, 2007 |title=Interior Dept. Official Facing Scrutiny Resigns |author=Elizabeth Williamson |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501152040/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101920.html |archivedate=May 1, 2012}}
249. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/10/AR2006031002328_pf.html |title=Former Top Bush Aide Accused of Md. Thefts |work=The Washington Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019122537/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/10/AR2006031002328_pf.html |archivedate=October 19, 2012}}
250. ^"Ex-FDA Chief Gets Probation, Fine for Lying About Stocks". The Associated Press. February 28, 2007.
251. ^{{cite web |author=David Manning |author2=Matthew Rycroft |date=July 23, 2002 |title=Iraq: Prime Minister's Meeting, 23 July}} reprinted as {{cite news |date=May 1, 2005 |title=The secret Downing Street memo |newspaper=The Sunday Times |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article387374.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102193420/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article387374.ece |archivedate=November 2, 2010}}
252. ^{{cite news |title=Fake Iraq documents 'embarrassing' for U.S |author=David Ensor |publisher=CNN |date=March 14, 2003}}
253. ^After the war, more than {{convert|550|ST}} of yellowcake, which was cataloged pre-war by the IAEA and not conveniently suitable for atomic weapons was removed from Iraq and eventually shipped to Canada. {{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/07/iraq.uranium/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=August 13, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831081954/http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/07/iraq.uranium/ |archivedate=August 31, 2015}}
254. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.democrats.reform.house.gov/story.asp?ID=873&Issue=Iraq+Reconstruction |title=U.S. Mismanaged Iraqi Funds |publisher=United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform |accessdate=February 8, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227183442/http://www.democrats.reform.house.gov/story.asp?ID=873&Issue=Iraq+Reconstruction |archivedate=December 27, 2006 |df=}}
255. ^{{cite news |date=February 8, 2007 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,2008189,00.html |title=How the US sent $12bn in cash to Iraq. And watched it vanish |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=February 8, 2007 |author=David Pallister |location=London}}
256. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article720217.ece |title=How US lost billions in Wild West gamble to rebuild Iraq |work=The Times |accessdate=April 16, 2011 |location=London |date=January 26, 2006 |first=Anushka |last=Asthana |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218050143/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article720217.ece |archivedate=February 18, 2008}}
257. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/feb/08/usa.iraq1 |title=How the US sent $12bn in cash to Iraq. And watched it vanish|work=The Guardian |accessdate=December 16, 2018 |location=London |date=February 8, 2007 }}
258. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-usa-cash-idUSN0631295120070207|publisher=Reuters|title=U.S. sent pallets of cash to Baghdad|author=Jeremy Pelofsky|date=February 7, 2007}}
259. ^Howard Kurtz (January 26, 2005), "Writer Backing Bush Plan Had Gotten Federal Contract", The Washington Post
260. ^nytimes.com, BUSINESS PEOPLE; Appointment At Commerce, Published: September 13, 1991, {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/13/business/business-people-appointment-at-commerce.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 10, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306133730/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/13/business/business-people-appointment-at-commerce.html |archivedate=March 6, 2016}}
261. ^T. Christian Miller, 'No FBI Charges for Defense Official in Iraq Case, Los Angeles Times,  , October 15, 2005
262. ^T. Christian Miller, Pentagon Ousts Official Under FBI Investigation, Los Angeles Times,  , December 11, 2004
263. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/functions/print.php?StoryID=20041229-113041-1647r |title=Pentagon ousts official who tied Russia, Iraq arms |newspaper=The Washington Times}}
264. ^{{cite news |author=Demetri Sevastopulo |author2=Guy Dinmore |author3=James Harding |date=October 28, 2004 |title=Russians 'may have taken Iraq explosives' |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a4bc50c6-2870-11d9-9308-00000e2511c8 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805005158/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/a4bc50c6-2870-11d9-9308-00000e2511c8.html |archivedate=August 5, 2007}}
265. ^Dolnick, sam, "Kerik Pleads Guilty in Corruption Case", The New York Times, November 5, 2009.
266. ^Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo, "Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial", Associated Press, March 6, 2007
267. ^{{cite news |author=R. Jeffrey Smith |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/07/AR2006090701781.html |title=Armitage Says He Was Source of CIA Leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=A03 |date=September 8, 2006 |accessdate=January 27, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006081246/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/07/AR2006090701781.html |archivedate=October 6, 2008}}
268. ^{{cite news |author=Eric Boehlert |date=April 5, 2004 |title=Lies, bribes and hidden costs |publisher=Salon |url=https://www.salon.com/2004/04/06/medicare_6/}}
269. ^{{cite news |author=Robert Pear |date=July 7, 2004 |title=Inquiry Confirms Top Medicare Official Threatened Actuary Over Cost of Drug Benefits |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/07/us/inquiry-confirms-top-medicare-official-threatened-actuary-over-cost-drug.html}}
270. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 16, 2005 |title=Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts |author1=James Risen |author2=Eric Lichtblau |lastauthoramp=yes |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203133112/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html |archivedate=February 3, 2013}}
271. ^http://www.ap.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315191753/http://ap.org/ |date=March 15, 2013 }}, March 31, 2010, "Bush wiretapping program takes a hit in Calif ruling" by Paul Elias
272. ^Phillyburbs.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204084842/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/53169.html |date=December 4, 2008 }}
273. ^{{cite web |url=http://oig.hhs.gov/ |title=Office of Inspector General – U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406041210/http://oig.hhs.gov/ |archivedate=April 6, 2011}}
274. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/01/22/eveningnews/main537492.shtml |title=Janet Rehnquist Under The Microscope |date=January 22, 2003 |publisher=CBS News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524123414/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/01/22/eveningnews/main537492.shtml |archivedate=May 24, 2011}}
275. ^Janet Rehnquist Resigns: Daughter Of Chief Justice To Quit As Health Department Inspector {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515004117/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/04/politics/main542782.shtml |date=May 15, 2011 }}, Associated Press article, CBS News, March 4, 2003 (Accessed April 21, 2008)
276. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/17138667 |title=Politics – News about Politics in America & the World |work=Rolling Stone}}
277. ^Golden, Tim (December 23, 2005). "A Junior Aide had a big role in Terror Policy". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/23/politics/23yoo.html. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
278. ^1 2 3 4 "Memorandum regarding status of Certain OLC Opinions Issued in the Aftermath of the Terrorist Acts of September 11, 2001" (PDF). US Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel. January 15, 2009. {{cite web |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/documents/memostatusolcopinions01152009.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 12, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508100811/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/documents/memostatusolcopinions01152009.pdf |archivedate=May 8, 2009}}. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
279. ^Eggen, Dan (June 27, 2008). "Bush Policy authors defend their actions". The Washington Post. {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/26/AR2008062601966_pf.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=April 22, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107060847/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/26/AR2008062601966_pf.html |archivedate=November 7, 2012}}. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
280. ^http://www.chicagotribune.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223192745/http://www.chicagotribune.com/ |date=February 23, 2010 }}, February 20, 2010, section 1, p. 7, "Waterboard memo 'poor judgement' by Richard A. Serrano
281. ^washingtonpost.com, August 5, 2006, ATF Director Resigns Amid Spending Probe By Dan Eggen, {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/04/AR2006080401496.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 6, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513205812/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/04/AR2006080401496.html |archivedate=May 13, 2014}}
282. ^U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, Report of Investigation Concerning Alleged Mismanagement and Misconduct by Carl J. Truscott, Former Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Office of the Inspector General Oversight and Review Division October 2006 {{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0610/final.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 6, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831025638/http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0610/final.pdf |archivedate=August 31, 2013}}
283. ^[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=207758]
284. ^{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Fed Caught In Sex Sting Found Dead In Cell |publisher=CBS News |date=October 5, 2007 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/05/national/main3338397.shtml}}
285. ^{{cite news |author=Abby Goodnough |title=U.S. Prosecutor Held in a Child Sex Sting Kills Himself |quote= |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 6, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/06/us/06suicide.html |accessdate=September 13, 2015}}
286. ^{{cite web |title=J. D. Roy Atchison |publisher=NNDB |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/114/000162625/}}
287. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/26/AR2010082605269.html |date=August 26, 2010 |title=Ken Mehlman and the same-sex marriage debate |author=Dan Balz |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=July 2, 2014}}
288. ^{{cite news |title=Former Republican Leader Ken Mehlman Discloses That He Is Gay |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/26/us/politics/26mehlman.html |date=August 26, 2010 |accessdate=August 26, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Luo}}
289. ^{{cite news |publisher=The Huffington Post |date=March 2, 2012 |title=Ken Mehlman: 'I Am Sorry' For Role In 2004 Anti-Gay Marriage Push |author=Luke Johnson |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/02/ken-mehlman-i-am-sorry-fo_n_1316199.html |accessdate=July 2, 2014}}
290. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/31/nyregion/treffinger-pleads-guilty-to-corruption.html |title=Treffinger Pleads Guilty To Corruption |date=May 31, 2003 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031141640/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/31/nyregion/treffinger-pleads-guilty-to-corruption.html |archivedate=October 31, 2014}}
291. ^Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 14, 'US to shelve Holder case' by Josh Meyer, April 2, 2009
292. ^Kocieniewski, David, "House Ethics Panel Expands Rangel Inquiry", The New York Times, December 10, 2008
293. ^"Republican Arizona Congressman Rick Renzi indicted on multiple federal charges", AP, February 22, 2008
294. ^http://www.cnn.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010911200318/http://www.cnn.com/ |date=September 11, 2001}}, October 28, 2013, Ex-U.S. Rep. Rick Renzi of Arizona sentenced to three years for corruption by Kevin Conlon and Bill Mears, CNN {{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/justice/arizona-congressman-sentenced/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=November 9, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109200343/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/justice/arizona-congressman-sentenced/ |archivedate=November 9, 2013}}
295. ^{{cite news |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/11/washington/11foley.html |title=Hastert Vows to Fire Aides if a Cover-Up Is Discovered |date=October 11, 2006 |accessdate=October 11, 2006 |first1=Jeff |last1=Zeleny |first2=David |last2=Johnston |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018204917/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/11/washington/11foley.html |archivedate=October 18, 2006}}
296. ^{{cite news |date=October 12, 2005 |title=Former Congressman Frank Ballamce Sentenced |agency=Associated Press |work=Eyewitness News |publisher=WTVD |url=http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section%3Dtriangle%26id%3D3529023 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132147/http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section=triangle&id=3529023 |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df= |accessdate=June 5, 2012}}
297. ^James McKinley, Jr., [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/us/politics/25delay.html "DeLay Is Convicted in Texas Donation Case"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610091110/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/us/politics/25delay.html |date=June 10, 2017 }} The New York Times November 24, 2010.
298. ^Laylan Copelin, "DeLay sentenced to 3 years in prison" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424130242/http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/politics/entries/2011/01/10/delay_appears_in_court.html/ |date=April 24, 2014 }}, Austin American-Statesman, January 10, 2011.
299. ^{{cite news |title=Texas court overturns Tom DeLay conviction |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/09/19/tom-delay-conviction-overturned-money-laundering/2837053/?dlvrit=206567 |newspaper=USA Today |accessdate=September 19, 2013 |first1=Catalina |last1=Camia |first2=Susan |last2=Davis |date=September 19, 2013}}
300. ^^ Schmidt, susan and Grimaldi, James V. (November 26, 2005). "Lawmakers Under Scrutiny in Probe of Lobbyist". The Washington Post. p. A01. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/25/AR2005112501423.html.
301. ^Chicago Tribune, August 26, 2010, section 1, p. 19, "Delay trial to be held in Austin, judge rules", by News Services
302. ^http://www.yahoo.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010713000027/http://www.yahoo.com/ |date=July 13, 2001 }}, November 24, 2010, "Jury convicts Tom Delay in money laundering trial" by Juan A. Lozano, AP
303. ^1 [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A39563-2004Sep21.html "3 DeLay Workers Indicted in Texas. Aides Charged in Fundraising Probe"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427005829/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A39563-2004Sep21.html |date=April 27, 2010 }} The Washington Post, September 22, 2005.
304. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121112020913/http://www.statesman.com/news/news/delay-co-defendant-pleads-guilty/nS268/]
305. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011900162.html |work=The Washington Post |first1=Susan |last1=Schmidt |first2=James V. |last2=Grimaldi |title=Ney Sentenced to 30 Months In Prison for Abramoff Deals |date=January 20, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011946/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011900162.html |archivedate=December 23, 2014}}
306. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hillnews.com/thehill/export/TheHill/News/Frontpage/022707/ney.html |title=Ney's former chief of staff agrees to plead guilty |author=Jackie Kucinich |author2=Susan Crabtree |date=February 27, 2007}}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
307. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/26/AR2007022601631.html |title=Former Aide to Ex-Congressman Ney Pleads Guilty in Abramoff Case |author=James V. Grimaldi |author2=Carol D. Leonnig |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 27, 2007 |page=A06 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430052619/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/26/AR2007022601631.html |archivedate=April 30, 2016}}
308. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/08/AR2006050800521.html |title=Former Aide to Rep. Ney Pleads Guilty |last=Yost |first=Pete |agency=Associated Press |date=May 8, 2006 |work=The Washington Post}}
309. ^Former Istook aide pleads guilty in lobbying scandal, Daily Oklahoman June 2, 2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530120034/http://newsok.com/former-istook-aide-pleads-guilty-in-lobbying-scandal/article/3252011/ |date=May 30, 2016 }}
310. ^{{cite news |url=http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/11/abramoff_lobbyists_wanted_meas.php |title=Abramoff Lobbyists Wanted Measure Attached To Young's Transportation Bill |publisher=TPM Muckraker |date=November 24, 2008 |author=Zachary Roth |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520154204/http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/11/abramoff_lobbyists_wanted_meas.php |archivedate=May 20, 2011}}
311. ^{{cite news |title=Former Abramoff Associate Is Arrested: Indictment Charges Fraud, Conspiracy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/08/AR2008090801302.html |date=September 9, 2008 |page=A02 |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Carrie Johnson |author2=Del Quentin Wilber |accessdate=March 11, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109012941/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/08/AR2008090801302.html |archivedate=November 9, 2010}}
312. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/topics/kevin-a-ring/ |title=Kevin A. Ring – Bio, News, Photos |work=The Washington Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127172611/http://www.washingtontimes.com/topics/kevin-a-ring/ |archivedate=January 27, 2011}}
313. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2005-11-28/politics/cunningham_1_mzm-mitchell-wade-tax-evasion?_s=PM:POLITICS |publisher=CNN |title=Rep. Cunningham won't seek re-election amid contractor probe |date=July 14, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129200727/http://articles.cnn.com/2005-11-28/politics/cunningham_1_mzm-mitchell-wade-tax-evasion?_s=PM%3APOLITICS |archivedate=November 29, 2010 |df=}}
314. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.ocregister.com/news/nguyen-288239-sentence-carter.html |title=Former candidate Tan Nguyen: 'It's been hell' |newspaper=Orange County Register |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612020628/http://www.ocregister.com/news/nguyen-288239-sentence-carter.html |archivedate=June 12, 2013}}
315. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2006-04-06/politics/mckinney_1_capitol-police-officer-mckinney-grand-jury?_s=PM:POLITICS |publisher=CNN |title=Grand jury declines to indict Rep. McKinney |date=June 16, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025338/http://articles.cnn.com/2006-04-06/politics/mckinney_1_capitol-police-officer-mckinney-grand-jury?_s=PM%3APOLITICS |archivedate=August 11, 2011 |df=}}
316. ^Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, November 13, 2009, "Former Representative William Jefferson Sentenced to 13 years in Prison" by Dave Cook
317. ^AnaGannett News Service, November 1, 2006, "Former congressional aide pleads guilty to bribery" by Ana Radelat
318. ^http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/12/05_hetlandc_janklowdefense/
319. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A20602-2001May12 |work=The Washington Post |title=Torricelli and the Money Man |first1=Susan |last1=Schmidt |first2=James V. |last2=Grimaldi |date=May 13, 2001 |accessdate=May 22, 2010}}
320. ^http://www.cnn.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010911200318/http://www.cnn.com/ |date=September 11, 2001 }}, LawCenter, April 12, 2002
321. ^Bob Gardiner, "Sweeney to cops: 'I'm in... trouble': Ex-Congressman faces felony DWI; told troopers he'd flunk sobriety test", Albany Times Union found at Times Union story of 4-7-09 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409075448/http://www.timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=787545 |date=April 9, 2009 }}. Accessed April 7, 2009.
322. ^{{Cite news |last=Donohue |first=Emily |url=http://www.saratogian.com/general-news/20100423/former-rep-john-sweeney-officially-sentenced-for-second-dwi |title=Former Rep. John Sweeney officially sentenced for second DWI |newspaper=The Saratogian |date=April 23, 2010|accessdate=April 16, 2015}}
323. ^WashingtonPost.com, February 13, 1999, p. A1, "Senate Acquits President Clinton" by Peter Baker and Helen Dewar,
324. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-01/justice/scotus.clinton_1_court-term-rehnquist-supreme-court?_s=PM:LAW |publisher=CNN |title=Supreme Court term packed with meaty cases |date=October 3, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128075543/http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-01/justice/scotus.clinton_1_court-term-rehnquist-supreme-court?_s=PM%3ALAW |archivedate=January 28, 2011 |df=}}
325. ^{{cite web |url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/oic/SMALTZ/PRESS/REPORTS/prrhb.htm |title=OIC Smaltz: Press Releases |publisher=Govinfo.library.unt.edu |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104500/http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/oic/SMALTZ/PRESS/REPORTS/prrhb.htm |archivedate=January 17, 2013}}
326. ^http://tech.mit.edu, White House Aide Resigns After Golf Trip by Helocopter By Ann Devroy and Ruth Marcus, The Washington Post, May 27, 1994,  
327. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2004/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick/15941/ | title=The Rise And Fall of A Maverick | work=Government Executive | date=1 February 2004 | accessdate=March 31, 2013}}
328. ^{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html|title=Ex-Official Goes to Prison|date=5 January 2005|accessdate=22 June 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}
329. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/04/60II/main664652.shtml|title=Cashing In For Profit?|accessdate=22 June 2017}}
330. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | FEB. 18, 1994 | U.S. Treasurer Under Bush Pleads Guilty to 3 Felonies | DAVID JOHNSTON | [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/18/us/us-treasurer-under-bush-pleads-guilty-to-3-felonies.html]
331. ^  | February 18, 1994 | Former Treasurer Guilty of Tax Evasion : Corruption: Bush Administration official also admits obstructing federal probe and concealing business links. | RONALD J. OSTROW and RAY DELGADO | TIMES STAFF WRITERS |  
332. ^  | September 14, 1994 | Nation IN BRIEF : WASHINGTON, D.C. : Ex-U.S. Treasurer Given Prison Term | From Times Staff and Wire Reports |  
333. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/012297.htm |work=The Washington Post |date=August 5, 1998 |accessdate=May 22, 2010 |title=House Reprimands, Penalizes Speaker |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525123429/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/012297.htm |archivedate=May 25, 2010}}
334. ^The Speaker Steps Down, The New York Times, 11/8/98.
335. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/01/03/ethics-panel-says-collins-broke-hill-rules-law/3f0e54a7-8160-4a1a-b04c-cdec73b87883/ |title=Ethics Panel Says Collins Broke Hill Rules, Law|work = The Washington Post|last = O'Brien|first = Catherine|date=January 3, 1997 |accessdate=}}
336. ^{{cite news|last = Broderick|first = Chris|date =January 29, 2009|title =Wes Cooley indicted on federal fraud charges|work = The Oregonian |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/01/wes_cooley_indicted_on_federal.html |accessdate=December 22, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223001238/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/01/wes_cooley_indicted_on_federal.html |archivedate=December 23, 2014}}.
337. ^[https://ethics.house.gov/sites/ethics.house.gov/files/Historical_Chart_Final_Version%20in%20Word_0.pdf]
338. ^{{cite news|work = The Washington Post|date = September 8, 1998 |title =Burton Fathered Child in Extramarital Affair |first = Edward|last = Walsh|url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/burton090598.htm}}
339. ^{{cite news |title=Murphy Arraigned on Vote-fraud Charges |date=May 25, 1999 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |page=B-1 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PG&p_theme=pg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_field_label-0=Author&p_field_label-1=title&p_bool_label-1=AND&p_text_label-1=Murphy%20Arraigned%20on%20Vote-Fraud%20Charges&s_dispstring=headline(Murphy%20Arraigned%20on%20Vote-Fraud%20Charges)%20AND%20date(all)Êl_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:DÊl_useweights=no |via=Newsbank |accessdate=February 21, 2015}}
340. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8286728.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143304/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8286728.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |title=Mavroules moves to halfway house Former congressman will finish his sentence in Boston |newspaper=The Boston Globe |via=HighBeam Research |date=July 6, 1994 |accessdate=August 31, 2010}}
341. ^{{Cite news |date = September 8, 1995|title = Senator Packwood Resigns|first = Edwin|last = Chen |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-09-08/news/mn-43532_1_senator-packwood-resigns |accessdate=April 21, 2016|work = Los Angeles Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411005845/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-09-08/news/mn-43532_1_senator-packwood-resigns |archivedate=April 11, 2016}}
342. ^1 {{cite news |work = The New York Times|date = August 3, 1993|title = Ex-congressman to go to prison|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/03/us/ex-congressman-to-go-to-prison.html}}
343. ^"The 22 Worst". USA Today. April 17, 1992.
344. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.news.aol.com/news/_a/abramoff-case-has-lawmakers-scared/20051221033709990001 |title=Abramoff Case Has Lawmakers Scared |agency=Associated Press |author=Pete Yost |date=December 21, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010140100/http://articles.news.aol.com/news/_a/abramoff-case-has-lawmakers-scared/20051221033709990001 |archivedate=October 10, 2008 |df=}}
345. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/March95/153.txt.html |title=Former delegate Fauntroy is charged, agrees to plead guilty |publisher=Department of Justice |date=March 22, 1995 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530161549/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/March95/153.txt.html |archivedate=May 30, 2009}}
346. ^{{cite news |agency = Associated Press |date = January 2, 1974|title = Carroll Hubbard announces for Representative's seat|publisher = Kentucky New Era|url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FO4rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=42gFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4016,969049|accessdate= March 31, 2010}}
347. ^1 {{cite news|work = The New York Times |date = July 20, 1993|title =House Aide Links a Top Lawmaker to Embezzlement|first = Stephen|last = Labaton|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/us/house-aide-links-a-top-lawmaker-to-embezzlement.html}}
348. ^{{cite news |work = U.S. News & World Report |date = May 5, 1994|title = Rostenkowski's Last Stand|first = Gloria|last = Borger}}
349. ^{{cite news|work = The Washington Post|date = May 8, 1996|title =Kolter Guilty in Post Office Scandal|first = Toni|last = Locy|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/08/kolter-guilty-in-post-office-scandal/a712baa5-36e1-4bb8-8255-7bb7ebb373a7/}}
350. ^{{cite news |work = The New York Times |date = August 1, 1996|title = Ex-congressman Gets 6 Months in Prison|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/01/us/ex-congressman-gets-6-months-in-prison.html}}
351. ^{{cite news |title = Kim Pleads Guilty to Illegal Donations|work = Asian Week|date = August 1998}}
352. ^{{cite news|work = Los Angeles Times |date = October 26, 1996 |title = Rohrabacher Pays Fines for Not Filing Report |first = GEBE |last = Martinez |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-10-26/local/me-57826_1_dana-rohrabacher |accessdate=September 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927004106/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-10-26/local/me-57826_1_dana-rohrabacher |archivedate=September 27, 2016}}
353. ^{{cite news|work = Los Angeles Times|url = http://articles.latimes.com/1996-03-23/news/mn-50499_1_grand-jury|title = O.C. Grand Jury Indicts Baugh : Campaign Fraud Indictments|date = 23 March 1996}}
354. ^{{cite news |work = Los Angeles Times | date =December 5, 1997 | title = Carmony Pleads Guilty in Baugh Campaign Case |first = Peter M. |last = Warren | url =http://articles.latimes.com/1997/dec/05/news/mn-60879}}
355. ^[https://www.ocregister.com] | Orange County Register | May 17, 2017 | Rohrabacher’s ex-treasurer sentenced to 1 year, but won’t have to go to prison, judge says | [https://www.ocregister.com/2017/04/25/republican-activist-sentenced-for-embezzling-from-rohrabachers-re-election-fund/]
356. ^  | JAN 17, 2017 | Rohrabacher's ex-treasurer pleads guilty to embezzling from campaign fund | HANNAH FRY |  
357. ^{{Cite news |url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/999962/Enid-Greene-back-in-the-public-eye.html?pg=all|title = Enid Greene back in the public eye|last = Bernick, Jr. |first = Bob|work = Deseret News|date = July 30, 2003}}
358. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9606/05/waldholtz.plea/index.html |publisher=CNN |title=Waldholtz enters guilty pleas |accessdate=May 2, 2010}}
359. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/04135/316203.stm |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |title=Ex-GOP strategist headed back to jail |first=Jim |last=McKinnon |date=May 14, 2004}}
360. ^[https://www.ksl.com/?sid=84782]
361. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB210/index.htm |title=The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On |publisher=George Washington University |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502224026/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB210/index.htm |archivedate=May 2, 2013}}
362. ^Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of Justice, "Former U.S. Treasurer Sentenced", (press release) DOJ.gov (September 1994).
363. ^Johnston, David (December 25, 1992). "Bush Pardons 6 in Iran Affair, Aborting a Weinberger Trial; Prosecutor Assails 'Cover-Up'". The New York Times. {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/06/29/reviews/iran-pardon.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 6, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410071735/http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/06/29/reviews/iran-pardon.html |archivedate=April 10, 2009}}.
364. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |last=Bush |first=George H. W. |title=Proclamation 6518 – Grant of Executive Clemency |publisher=The American Presidency Project |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=20265 |date=December 24, 1992 |accessdate=April 23, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514002544/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=20265 |archivedate=May 14, 2008}}
365. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20040615043726/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utsa/00006/utsa-00006.html "A Guide to the Albert Bustamante Papers".]
366. ^{{cite news |title=2 'guilties' result of plea deal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UUMfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hXsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5298,1493823&dq=lawrence+j+smith+guilty&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |date=May 22, 1993 |page=5B |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
367. ^{{cite news |title=Former U.S. Rep Smith sentenced to 3 months jail, fined $5,000 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6AoyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5owDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6682,1958620&dq=lawrence+j+smith+sentenced&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The News |location=Florida |date=August 3, 1993 |page=2B |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
368. ^^ David Durenberger at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
369. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/ May 9, 1990, "Lukens Loses Ohio Primary" by the AP]
370. ^"The Thomas Nomination; On the Hearing Schedule: Eight Further Witnesses", The New York Times (October 13, 1991)
371. ^http://www.jfc.gov/searchlet/tgetinfo?jid=1772{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=Jennica |fix-attempted=yes }} Walter Nixon at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
372. ^[https://www.upi.com] | June 29, 1991 | Jury convicts federal judge of bribery | UPI Archives | [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/29/Jury-convicts-federal-judge-of-bribery/3180678168000/
373. ^[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/030695.ZOR.html]
374. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | September 7, 1991 | US Judge is given Prison Sentence | Associated Press | [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/07/us/us-judge-is-given-prison-sentence.html]
375. ^http://www.people.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516053429/http://www.people.com/|date=May 16, 2008}}, August 8, 1988, Dealmaker Melvyn Paisley's True Colors Are Questioned in a Defense Corruption Probe by Montgomery Brower,   {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234335/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0%2C%2C20099625%2C00.html|date=March 3, 2016}}
376. ^{{cite web |author=Anthony Critelli |date=June 14, 2011 |url=http://govwin.com/anthonycritelli_blog/this-day-in-govcon-history/131183 |title=This Day in GovCon History, June 14, 1988: "Operation Ill Wind" Raids |publisher=GovWin Network |accessdate=January 4, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109194354/http://govwin.com/anthonycritelli_blog/this-day-in-govcon-history/131183 |archivedate=November 9, 2013 |df=}}
377. ^{{cite news |author=Douglas Frantz |date=October 19, 1991 |title=Paisley Gets 4-Year Term in Ill Wind Case : Pentagon: He is the highest-ranking target and his sentence is the stiffest yet in the defense procurement scandal |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-19/news/mn-526_1_ill-wind |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212319/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-19/news/mn-526_1_ill-wind |archivedate=September 21, 2015}}
378. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/reference/messages/Documents/NAVADMINS/NAV2001/nav01214.txt |title=Regular Navy Appointments |accessdate=August 1, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106133854/http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/reference/messages/Documents/NAVADMINS/NAV2001/nav01214.txt |archivedate=January 6, 2016 |df=}}
379. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/01/business/ex-official-sentenced.html |title=Ex-Official Sentenced |date=June 1, 1992 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101041447/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/01/business/ex-official-sentenced.html |archivedate=November 1, 2016}}
380. ^{{cite news |date=August 23, 1991 |title=Ex-Official Enters 'Ill Wind' Guilty Plea : Defense: It marks the 50th conviction obtained under the probe of Pentagon procurement fraud. He faces 20 years in jail at sentencing December 6 |author=Robert L. Jackson |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-23/news/mn-1071_1_ill-wind |accessdate=August 10, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108015232/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-23/news/mn-1071_1_ill-wind |archivedate=November 8, 2015}}
381. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/03/nyregion/samuel-r-pierce-jr-ex-housing-secretary-dies-at-78.html?pagewanted=all]
382. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | June 18, 1989 | HUD FERTILE GROUND FOR WRONGDOING | Howard Kurtz | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/06/18/hud-fertile-ground-for-wrongdoing/97aa4670-0822-437a-9143-5bebe9cd8e8b/]
383. ^nytimes.com, October 29, 1998, "Long Inquiry on Abuse in the Housing Department Is Completed" by Michael Janofsky
384. ^RollingStone.com, November 18, 2003, "Crimes Against Nature" by Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
385. ^1 2 https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, October 27, 1993, "Ex-Official Convicted in HUD Scandal of 80's" by Stephan Labaton
386. ^The Washington Post, October 15, 1999, "Strauss Convicted" by Toni Locy
387. ^[https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/DOC_22841.PDF]
388. ^The New York Times, October 27, 1993, "Ex-Official Convicted in HUD Scandal of 80's", by Stephan Labaton
389. ^Jeff Gerth (July 8, 1988), "Prosecutor Shines New Light on Meese", The New York Times.
390. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 12, 1989 |title=Court Refuses to Review Nofziger Case |author=Ruth Marcus}}
391. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 5, 1988 |title=Rep. Biaggi, 4 Others Guilty in Wedtech Case |author=George Lardner Jr.}}
392. ^Timothy Curry and Lynn Shibut, The Cost of the Savings and Loan Crisis: Truth and Consequences FDIC, December 2000.
393. ^[articles.latimes.com] | February 27, 1985 | Fedders Resigns as SEC Chief of Enforcement, Apologizes to Agency | ROBERT L. JACKSON and ZACK NAUTH |  
394. ^ 
395. ^{{cite news |title=Federal Housing Official Quits after Inquiry Cites Abuses of Office |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=UPI |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/08/us/federal-housing-official-quits-after-inquiry-cites-abuses-of-office.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306085548/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/08/us/federal-housing-official-quits-after-inquiry-cites-abuses-of-office.html |archivedate=March 6, 2016}}
396. ^Ronald Reagan: "Nomination of Emanuel S. Savas To Be Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development", February 23, 1981. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. {{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43444 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120005812/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43444 |archivedate=January 20, 2015}}
397. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reagan-iran/ |title=The Iran-Contra Affair |last= |first= |author=|author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2=|author-link2= |date= |year=|editor-last= |editor-first= |editor=|editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editors= |department=American Experience |publisher=PBS |series=The Presidents |access-date=July 18, 2017 |quote= |ref= |postscript= |subscription= |registration=}}
398. ^{{cite web |date=June 16, 1992 |url=https://fas.org/news/iran/1992/920606-231623.htm |title=Weinberger charged in Iran-Contra matter |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |accessdate=August 18, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205210002/http://www.fas.org/news/iran/1992/920606-231623.htm |archivedate=February 5, 2015 |df=}}
399. ^{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/news/iran/1992/921224-260039.htm |title=Bush Pardons Weinberger, Five Others Tied to Iran-Contra |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421150512/http://www.fas.org/news/iran/1992/921224-260039.htm |archivedate=April 21, 2008 |df=}}
400. ^"Did A Dead Man Tell No Tales?" by Richard Zoglin, Time, October 12, 1987
401. ^Pichirallo, Joe (March 12, 1988). "McFarlane Enters Guilty Plea Arising From Iran-Contra Affair; Former Reagan Adviser Withheld Information From Congress". The Washington Post.
402. ^Walsh, Lawrence E. (August 4, 1993). "Final Report of the Independent Counsel For Iran/Contra Matters Vol. I: Investigations and Prosecutions". Summary of Prosecutions. U. S. Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia.
403. ^{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/summpros.htm |title=Walsh Iran / Contra Report: Summary of Prosecutions |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |access-date=April 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225202334/https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/summpros.htm |archivedate=February 25, 2017}}
404. ^{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/source.htm |title=Walsh Iran / Contra Report – Obtaining Copies |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321150039/http://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/source.htm |archivedate=March 21, 2015}}
405. ^{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_17.htm |title=Walsh Iran / Contra Report – Chapter 17 United States v. Clair E. George |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514024907/http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_17.htm |archivedate=May 14, 2011}}
406. ^{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_02.htm |title=Walsh Iran/Contra Report – Chapter 2 United States v. Oliver L. North |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |accessdate=June 15, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519063819/https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_02.htm |archivedate=May 19, 2017}}
407. ^Hall, North Trial Testimony, 3/22/89, pp. 5311–16, and 3/23/89, pp. 5373–80, 5385–87; Chapter 5 Fawn Hall 147
408. ^{{cite news |author=Linda Greenhouse |date=December 8, 1992 |title=Supreme Court Roundup; Iran-Contra Appeal Refused by Court |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/08/us/supreme-court-roundup-iran-contra-appeal-refused-by-court.html}}
409. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-C.I.A. Official Charged on Iran Arms |author=David Johnston |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/us/ex-cia-official-charged-on-iran-arms.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 27, 1991 |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109173818/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/us/ex-cia-official-charged-on-iran-arms.html |archivedate=November 9, 2012}}
410. ^{{cite news |title=Iran-Contra Pardons |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JbYzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TTgHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4087,3010575&dq=duane+clarridge&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Bangor Daily News |date=December 24, 1992 |page=2 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
411. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=The Iran-Contra Defendants |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4aIaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QCwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6774,768311&dq=albert+hakim+sentenced&hl=en |agency=Journal wire services |newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal |date=September 17, 1991 |page=A6 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
412. ^{{cite news |title=Secord is Guilty Of One Charge in Contra Affair |author=David Johnston |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/09/us/secord-is-guilty-of-one-charge-in-contra-affair.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 9, 1989 |accessdate=February 3, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320223559/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/09/us/secord-is-guilty-of-one-charge-in-contra-affair.html |archivedate=March 20, 2012}}
413. ^{{cite news |title=Albert Hakim, Figure in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 66 |work=The New York Times |date=May 1, 2003 |accessdate=February 21, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/us/albert-hakim-figure-in-iran-contra-affair-dies-at-66.html |author=Douglas Martin |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222002126/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/us/albert-hakim-figure-in-iran-contra-affair-dies-at-66.html |archivedate=February 22, 2015}}
414. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-C.I.A. Agent Is Convicted in Iran-Contra Affair |author=David Johnston |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 19, 1990 }}
415. ^{{cite news |title=Fund-Raising Trip by North Detailed |author=David Johnston |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/09/us/fund-raising-trip-by-north-detailed.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 9, 1989 |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109173613/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/09/us/fund-raising-trip-by-north-detailed.html |archivedate=November 9, 2012}}
416. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/09/obituaries/carl-channell-44-fund-raiser-for-conservatives-dies-of-injuries.html]
417. ^{{cite news |title=Channell Associate Pleads Guilty in Iran-Contra Case |author=Ronald J. Ostrow |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58303654.html?dids=58303654:58303654&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+07%2C+1987&author=RONALD+J.+OSTROW&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Channell+Associate+Pleads+Guilty+in+Iran-Contra+Case&pqatl=google |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=May 7, 1987 |page=1 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
418. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-C.I.A. Officer Is Indicted In Iran-Contra Investigation |author=Stephen Engelberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/21/us/ex-cia-officer-is-indicted-in-iran-contra-investigation.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 21, 1988 |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109173623/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/21/us/ex-cia-officer-is-indicted-in-iran-contra-investigation.html |archivedate=November 9, 2012}}
419. ^{{cite news |title=Iran Contra secrets blocked |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cjcdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xqUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4850,2644208&hl=en |newspaper=The Tuscaloosa News |date=October 13, 1990 |page=2A |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
420. ^Guide to Federal Records, Michael Deaver". National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/449.html#449.6 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705042943/http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/449.html |date=July 5, 2007 }}.
421. ^Sullivan, Patricia. Anne Gorsuch Burford, 62, Dies; Reagan EPA Director, The Washington Post, July 22, 2004; Page B06.
422. ^"Burford Resigns As Administrator of Embattled EPA", Toledo Blade, March 10, 1983, p. 1
423. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/19/us/around-the-nation-conviction-of-ex-official-of-epa-is-upheld.html |work=The New York Times |title=Conviction of Ex-Official Of E.P.A. Is Upheld |date=January 19, 1985 |agency=UPI |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107023623/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/19/us/around-the-nation-conviction-of-ex-official-of-epa-is-upheld.html |archivedate=November 7, 2012}}
424. ^Ocala Star-Banner – July 25, 1985, FEMA Director Decides to Resign amid Allegations of Corruption by Associated Press, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LccVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ow4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4710,5338848&dq=fema+science+technology+report+subcommittee]
425. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/27/travel-reimbursements-and-perquisites/da8c98cc-49db-4eba-9ede-b13829794de1/ |title=Travel, Reimbursements and Perquisites |date=April 27, 1986 |newspaper=The Washington Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929082553/http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/27/travel-reimbursements-and-perquisites/da8c98cc-49db-4eba-9ede-b13829794de1/ |archivedate=September 29, 2015}}
426. ^{{cite book |chapter=White House Press Briefing on the Reagan Assassination Attempt |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/?id=tYME6Z35nyAC&pg=PA2427&lpg=PA2427&dq=Fred%20J.%20Villella#v=onepage&q=Fred%20J.%20Villella&f=false |title=The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: A-De |author=Wilbur R. Miller |date=June 29, 2012 |publisher=SAGE |page=2427 |isbn=978-1-4129-8876-6 |via=Google Books}}
427. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | August 2, 1984 | Key FEMA Official Accused Of Sexually Harassing Aide | Pete Earley | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/08/02/key-fema-official-accused-of-sexually-harassing-aide/7ac98b21-3be7-4a9c-b570-05a8839e4dee/]
428. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/|date=January 8, 2014}}, December 13, 2011, J. Lynn Helms, Who Led the F.A.A., Dies at 86 by Bruce Weber [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/14/us/j-lynn-helms-who-led-the-faa-dies-at-86.html?_r=0]
429. ^{{cite news |author=Elaine Woo |date=December 20, 2011 |title=J. Lynn Helms dies at 86; FAA chief fired striking air controllers |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/local/la-me-j-lynn-helms-20111220 |accessdate=January 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119234818/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/local/la-me-j-lynn-helms-20111220 |archivedate=January 19, 2015}}
430. ^{{cite news |title=Unpopular chief of Veterans administration resigns |newspaper=The Bulletin |location=Bend, Oregon |date=October 6, 1982 |agency=UPI |page=D4 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ROU0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=uYYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6736,3092593&dq=bob%20nimmo%20california%20assembly%20senate&hl=en |via=Google News}}
431. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208221807/http://www.al-oholicsanonymous.com/interviews/washpost.html |date=February 8, 2001 }}, emotional-fedders-describes-bid-to-reconcile-with-wife, {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/09/25/emotional-fedders-describes-bid-to-reconcile-with-wife/5097fa73-9a42-41c0-bbf1-4129aa944d67/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=October 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313021150/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/09/25/emotional-fedders-describes-bid-to-reconcile-with-wife/5097fa73-9a42-41c0-bbf1-4129aa944d67/ |archivedate=March 13, 2016}}
432. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, September 25, 1985, sec-enforcement-chief-quits-citing-publicity-on-divorce-trial by Keith F. Girard,{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/27/us/sec-enforcement-chief-quits-citing-publicity-on-divorce-trial.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 10, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524175839/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/27/us/sec-enforcement-chief-quits-citing-publicity-on-divorce-trial.html |archivedate=May 24, 2015}}
433. ^http://www.latimes.com, February{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 27, 1985, Fedders Resigns as SEC Chief of Enforcement, Apologizes to Agency by Robert L. Jackson and Zack Nauth, {{Cite news |author=Robert L. Jackson |author2=Zack Nauth |date=February 27, 1985 |title=Fedders Resigns as SEC Chief of Enforcement, Apologizes to Agency|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1985-02-27/business/fi-8878_1_divorce-trial |accessdate=October 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016190748/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-02-27/business/fi-8878_1_divorce-trial |archivedate=October 16, 2015}}
434. ^philly.com, Ex-postal Service Official Sentenced To 4 Years On Theft And Payoff Counts By William Hershey, October 25, 1986{{Cite news |url=http://articles.philly.com/1986-10-25/news/26061005_1_peter-voss-voss-case-john-r-gnau |title=Archived copy |accessdate=October 19, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018124734/http://articles.philly.com/1986-10-25/news/26061005_1_peter-voss-voss-case-john-r-gnau |archivedate=October 18, 2015}}
435. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/25/us/ex-postal-officer-gets-prison-term.html |title=Ex-Postal Officer Gets Prison Term |date=October 25, 1986 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101041248/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/25/us/ex-postal-officer-gets-prison-term.html |archivedate=November 1, 2016}}
436. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | July 4, 1986 | Hired to Eliminate Agency, Carlos Campbell Ended Up a Casualty | Howard Kurtz | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/07/04/hired-to-eliminate-agency-carlos-campbell-ended-up-a-casualty/785efbb2-faaa-46fd-a473-0efeed521981/]
437. ^ 
438. ^{{cite news |date=October 3, 1984 |title=U.S. Attorney in Cleveland Is Discharged by President |author=Leslie Maitland Werner |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/us-attorney-in-cleveland-is-discharged-by-president.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312070541/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/us-attorney-in-cleveland-is-discharged-by-president.html |archivedate=March 12, 2017}}
439. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/97th-congress/900 |title=PN900 – Nomination of J. William Petro for Department of Justice, 97th Congress (1981–1982) |date=March 4, 1982 |publisher=U.S. Congress |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306190633/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/97th-congress/900 |archivedate=March 6, 2016}}
440. ^{{cite news |date=April 6, 1982 |title=U.S. Attorney in San Diego Dismissed |author=Edward T. Pound |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/06/us/us-attorney-in-san-diego-dismissed.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008075301/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/06/us/us-attorney-in-san-diego-dismissed.html |archivedate=October 8, 2016}}
441. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/06/us/us-attorney-in-san-diego-dismissed.html]
442. ^ 
443. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers] | Anderson, Jack and Joseph Spear (26 August 1987). U.S. paid for mom's trips, Ellensburg Daily Record | [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z_NYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H48DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3938,5824290&dq=marjory-mecklenburg&hl=en]
444. ^ 
445. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com] | May 11, 1983 | Deputy Resigns At Commerce in Sale of Satellite | Philip J. Hilts [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/05/11/deputy-resigns-at-commerce-in-sale-of-satellite/895ea8ab-d7cb-4ece-a658-29c11a0d7d0e/]
446. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/05/25/ex-commerce-deputys-claim-questioned/d5e7caf3-7c97-41cf-a60f-f60f8aa94b94/]
447. ^{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/?id=6OUCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=Guy+W.+Fiske+REPUBLICAN#v=onepage&q=Guy%20W.%20Fiske%20REPUBLICAN&f=false | title=New York Magazine| last1=New York Media| first1=LLC| date=1980-02-04}}
448. ^{{cite news |title=An Inquiry Clears Hatfield |work=Time |date=October 1, 1984 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954391,00.html? |accessdate=April 12, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524043637/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C954391%2C00.html |archivedate=May 24, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
449. ^Throwback Thursday: Oregon has had its share of political scandals, large and small | OregonLive.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417073123/http://www.oregonlive.com/history/2015/02/throwback_thursday_oregon_has.html |date=April 17, 2016 }}
450. ^http://www.oregonlive.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016073953/http://www.oregonlive.com/ |date=October 16, 2008 }} | Mark Hatfield was named as bribe target in secret 1985 indictment of Greek arms dealer, newly released FBI documents show | Jeff Mapes | June 2, 2012 | {{Cite news |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/06/newly_released_fbi_documents_s.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=December 28, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101033750/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/06/newly_released_fbi_documents_s.html |archivedate=November 1, 2016}}
451. ^{{cite news |first=Jacob V. |last=Lamar Jr. |title=Oil Slick |work=Time |date=August 24, 1984 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954333,00.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930064053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C954333%2C00.html |archivedate=September 30, 2007}}
452. ^David Durenberger at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
453. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, August 23, 1995, "Ex-Senator is Guilty of Expenses Abuses
454. ^http://www.brennancenter.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309161752/http://brennancenter.org/ |date=March 9, 2007 }}, June 26, 2007, "Reported Instances of Voter Caging" by Justin Levitt and Andrea Allison
455. ^Media Matters for America article, October 5, 2006, which cites the 'Boston Globe, July 27, 1990, as well as the Ethics Committee's report, July 20, 1990.
456. ^The Washington Post, March 16, 1996, "Lukens Convicted of Taking Bribes"
457. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, May 27, 1989, "Coelhoto REsign His Seat in the House in the Face of Inquiry" by Michael Oreskes
458. ^{{cite web |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/649503/James-C-Wright-Jr |title=James C. Wright, Jr. (United States politician) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929091027/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/649503/James-C-Wright-Jr |archivedate=September 29, 2009}}
459. ^ChicagoTribune.com, October 7, 2008, "Q and A: The Keating Scandal"
460. ^{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000877 |title=CRANSTON, Alan – Biographical Information |publisher=Bioguide.congress.gov |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707070723/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000877 |archivedate=July 7, 2010}}
461. ^1 2 3 "Excerpts of Statement By Senate Ethics Panel", The New York Times, February 28, 1991.
462. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nndb.com/group/558/000059381/ |title=Abscam Scandal |publisher=Nndb.com |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826220150/http://www.nndb.com/group/558/000059381/ |archivedate=August 26, 2010}}
463. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, November 11, 2001, "Ex-Senator Harrison Williams Jr. Dies" by Douglas Martin,
464. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, April 6, 1985, "Around the Nation" by the AP.
465. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, August 26, 2005, "Richard Kelly, 81, Congressman Who Went to Prison in Scandal, Dies" by Wolfgang Saxon,
466. ^http://www.nytimes {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711135055/http://nytimes/ |date=July 11, 2013 }}, December 3, 2008, "Raymond Lederer, Abscam Figure, Is Dead at 70" by the Associated Press
467. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, June 23, 1983, "Around the Nation" by UPI
468. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, July 24, 1989, "Frank thompson, 70 Career in Congress Ended with Abscam" by Joseph Fried
469. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/16/nyregion/abscam-conspirator-begins-prison-term-former-representative-john-m-murphy.html, "Abscam conspirator begins prison term", The New York Times, July 16, 1983.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518070810/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/16/nyregion/abscam-conspirator-begins-prison-term-former-representative-john-m-murphy.html%2C |date=May 18, 2013 }}
470. ^Jury convicts Camden mayor of corruption, by Brendan Schurr, AP, December 22, 2001.
471. ^The New York Times (August 6, 1988) "Biaggi Quits, Will Not Seek an 11th Term"
472. ^The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 22, 2009, "Pat Swindall fights in court on multiple fronts" by Steve Visser
473. ^{{cite web |title=Patrick Lynn Swindall |url=http://congressionalbadboys.com/Swindall.htm |publisher=Congressional Bad Boys |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214042424/http://congressionalbadboys.com/Swindall.htm |archivedate=February 14, 2015 |deadurl=yes}}
474. ^{{cite web |url=http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F3/19/30/628064/ |title=United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. George v. Hansen, Defendant-appellant.united States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. John F. Scoresby, Defendant-appellant – 19 F.3d 30 – Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions |publisher=Cases.justia.com |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010}}
475. ^http://www.nytimes {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711135055/http://nytimes/ |date=July 11, 2013 }}, October 23, 1987, "Life After Jail; Politicians Get Help From Their Friends" by Frank Lynn
476. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author=Paul B. Beers |title=Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation |url=https://books.google.com/?id=6D6GAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA403 |year=1980 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |isbn=978-0-271-00238-5 |page=403}}
477. ^1 {{cite magazine |title=A Former Congressman, Once a Staunch Foe of Gay Rights, Confronts His Own Homosexuality |author=Robert E. Bauman |date=September 19, 1983 |magazine=People |url=http://people.com/archive/a-former-congressman-once-a-staunch-foe-of-gay-rights-confronts-his-own-homosexuality-vol-20-no-12/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208133310/http://people.com/archive/a-former-congressman-once-a-staunch-foe-of-gay-rights-confronts-his-own-homosexuality-vol-20-no-12/ |archivedate=February 8, 2017}}
478. ^1 https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423000237/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ |date=April 23, 2017 }} | Bauman in the Balance By Saundra Saperstein and Donald P. Baker | October 26, 1980, {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/26/bauman-in-the-balance/dd7e465d-2d83-4161-97a4-a330da86bf85/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 7, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226215637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/26/bauman-in-the-balance/dd7e465d-2d83-4161-97a4-a330da86bf85/ |archivedate=February 26, 2017}}
479. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/21/us/hastings-ousted-as-senate-vote-convicts-judge.html |work=The New York Times |title=Hastings Ousted As Senate Vote Convicts Judge |first=David |last=Johnston |date=October 21, 1989 |accessdate=May 22, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511222640/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/21/us/hastings-ousted-as-senate-vote-convicts-judge.html |archivedate=May 11, 2011}}
480. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Jan-21-Wed-2004/news/23036795.html |title=News: Ex-federal judge Claiborne kills self |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal |date=January 21, 2004 |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104500/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Jan-21-Wed-2004/news/23036795.html |archivedate=January 17, 2013}}
481. ^  | U.S. ATTORNEY IN CLEVELAND IS DISCHARGED BY PRESIDENT By LESLIE MAITLAND WERNER | Published: October 3, 1984  
482. ^"Reagan Assures Casey He Can Stay as CIA Chief in New Term?", The Washington Post, September 11, 1984.
483. ^{{cite news |title=The Equal-Opportunity Culture of Corruption |author=Ken Rudin |date=June 6, 2007 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10770284 |publisher=NPR |accessdate=July 29, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213151357/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10770284 |archivedate=February 13, 2008}}
484. ^{{cite magazine |author=Mark Green |title=Congress after the Sting |date=February 18, 1980 |magazine=New York |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceUCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=Herbert+Burke+Intoxication+sentenced&source=bl&ots=xvVTnMoxZi&sig=qFZE-7Lc9FccU6sxI2q18wgjSmo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivrLjy45HOAhUMQSYKHT5UCzEQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=Herbert%20Burke%20Intoxication%20sentenced&f=false}}
485. ^"Heading South", Page Six, New York Post, February 24, 2009
486. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, August 26, 1998, "Charles Diggs, 75, Congressman Censured Over Kickbacks" by Byron Molotsky
487. ^http://georgiaencyclopedia.org/article/jsp?id+h-590{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
488. ^{{cite book |author=Lawrance Binda |title=The Big, Bad Book of Mike: Rogues, Rascals and Rapscallions Named Michael, Mike and Mickey |url=https://books.google.com/?id=c4PXaGFzd64C&pg=PA44 |date=July 1, 2003 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-28772-7 |page=44}}
489. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://corporate.cqrollcall.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=224 |title=CQ-Roll Call | Congress 101 – Disciplining Members |publisher=Corporate.cqrollcall.com |date=May 29, 2008 |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923050502/http://corporate.cqrollcall.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=224 |archivedate=September 23, 2010 |df=}}
490. ^Time, April 28, 1975, "Trials: Big John Connolly Acquitted"
491. ^{{cite web |url=http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/605/144/332135/ |title=United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Richard A. Tonry, Defendant-appellant – 605 F.2d 144 – Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions |publisher=Cases.justia.com |date=October 9, 1979 |accessdate=August 31, 2010}}
492. ^Time, February 18, 1980, "Nation: Rogues Gallery"
493. ^{{cite news |title=Hanna Says He Accepted Park Bribes |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K44sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5924,4292508&dq=richard+t+hanna&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Lakeland Ledger |location=Lakeland, FL |date=March 17, 1978 |pages=1A and 7A |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
494. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-Rep. Hanna handed term in Korean influence scandal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UZQSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3vYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2991,1432442&dq=richard+t+hanna&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Bulletin |location=Bend, OR |date=April 24, 1978 |page=1 |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
495. ^{{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political corruption in America: an encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4}}
496. ^{{cite news |title=House panel censures one congressman, reprimands another |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MKofAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZdYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1291,4776930&dq=charles+h+wilson+reprimanded&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Gadsden Times |location=Gadsden, AL |date=September 28, 1978 |page=5 |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
497. ^{{cite news |title=John McFall, 88, Representative Tied to Bribery Scandal in 1970's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/18/politics/18mcfall.html |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=March 18, 2006 |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019054851/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/18/politics/18mcfall.html |archivedate=October 19, 2015}}
498. ^http://www2.fjc.gov {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221164330/http://www.fjc.gov/ |date=February 21, 2017 }} Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 (1993), page 35, {{cite web |url=http://www2.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228022920/http://www2.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf |archivedate=December 28, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}
499. ^Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges, 1789–present | Federal Judicial Center {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202222540/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=769&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na |date=February 2, 2013 }}
500. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/wires/ap/news/nation_world/20101119_ap_federaljudgepleadsguiltyto2drugcharges.html|title=Federal judge pleads guilty to 2 drug charges|author=Associated Press |date=November 19, 2010 |website= |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer |accessdate=November 19, 2010}}
501. ^[https://openjurist.org/judge/jack-tarpley-camp-jr]
502. ^"Exit Earl, Not Laughing", {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034842/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C946703-1%2C00.html |date=October 27, 2011 }} Time, October 18, 1976.
503. ^http://www.sfgate.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024235659/http://www.sfgate.com/ |date=October 24, 2014 }}, March 4, 2006, "Sentences of other congressmen convicted of crimes" by the AP,
504. ^Indecent Exposure on Capitol Hill {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327013009/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0%2C10987%2C947699%2C00.html |date=March 27, 2005 }}, Time Magazine, June 7, 1976
505. ^Frank J. Horton {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603135908/http://www.nndb.com/people/365/000129975/ |date=June 3, 2016 }}
506. ^1 {{cite news |date=June 5, 1994 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-06-05/opinion/op-1411_1_income-tax-evasion/2 |title=Indictments-A Grand Congressional Tradition Since 1798 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202043853/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-06-05/opinion/op-1411_1_income-tax-evasion/2 |archivedate=December 2, 2016}}
507. ^1 "U.S. is Suing Legislator to Get $50,000 Returned", The New York Times, March 27, 1977
508. ^1 http://newsok.com | James Jones: a power in D.C. by Allan Cromley | Published: May 2, 1982,  
509. ^St. Petersburg Times, January 23, 1974, "Ex-Congressman Ordered to Prison" by UPI
510. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208221807/http://www.al-oholicsanonymous.com/interviews/washpost.html |date=February 8, 2001 }}, August 22, 2005, Obituary, "Convicted Politician Bertram Podell, 79"
511. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/mills.htm |title=Congressman Wilbur Mills and Stripper Fanne Foxe – 1974 |work=The Washington Post |date=July 21, 1998 |accessdate=February 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510024657/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/mills.htm |archivedate=May 10, 2015}}
512. ^1 2 3 [https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf]
513. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | July 29, 1974 | Otto Kerner Goes to Jail Today, His Once‐Shining Career at End | SETH S. KING | [https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/29/archives/otto-kerner-goes-to-jail-today-his-onceshining-career-at-end-income.html]
514. ^Time, October 22, 1973, "The Nation: The Fall of Spiro Agnew"
515. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/09/us/charles-bebe-rebozo-85-longtime-nixon-confidant.html |work=The New York Times |first=David |last=Binder |title=Charles (Bebe) Rebozo, 85; Longtime Nixon Confidant |date=May 9, 1998 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305112236/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/09/us/charles-bebe-rebozo-85-longtime-nixon-confidant.html |archivedate=March 5, 2016}}
516. ^{{cite web |url=http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/rebozo_charles_g.htm |title=Charles G. Rebozo |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205001450/http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/rebozo_charles_g.htm |archivedate=February 5, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}
517. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, October 30, 2005, "Ideas and Trends: When Criminal Charges Hit the White House" by Bill Marsh
518. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208221807/http://www.al-oholicsanonymous.com/interviews/washpost.html |date=February 8, 2001 }}, November 10, 1988, "John N. Mitchell, Principal in Watergate, Dies at 75" by Lawrence Meyer
519. ^1 http://www.time.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106204432/http://www.time.com//time//world//article//0%2C8599%2C2040661%2C00.html |date=January 6, 2011 }}, June 24, 1977, "The Law: Watergate Bargains: Were They Necessary?"
520. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://www.time.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106204432/http://www.time.com//time//world//article//0%2C8599%2C2040661%2C00.html |date=January 6, 2011 }}, March 11, 1974, "The Nation: The Other Nixon Men"
521. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/watergate/haldeman.html |title=washingtonpost.com – watergate scandal and deep throat update, h.r. haldeman |work=The Washington Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814104855/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/watergate/haldeman.html |archivedate=August 14, 2014}}
522. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/16/us/john-d-ehrlichman-nixon-aide-jailed-for-watergate-dies-at-73.html?pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |title=John D. Ehrlichman, Nixon Aide Jailed for Watergate, Dies at 73 |first=David |last=Stout |date=February 16, 1999 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517124427/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/16/us/john-d-ehrlichman-nixon-aide-jailed-for-watergate-dies-at-73.html?pagewanted=all |archivedate=May 17, 2013}}
523. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/30/opinion/30krogh.html |title=The Break-In That History Forgot |last=Krogh |first=Egil |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 30, 2007}}
524. ^{{cite web |title=Egil Krogh |publisher=Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum |url=https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/forresearchers/find/textual/special/smof/krogh.php |access-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803094053/https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/forresearchers/find/textual/special/smof/krogh.php |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
525. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/us/maurice-stans-dies-at-90-led-nixon-commerce-dept.html |title=Maurice Stans Dies at 90; Led Nixon Commerce Dept. |author=David Rohde |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 15, 1998 |accessdate=March 24, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608034508/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/us/maurice-stans-dies-at-90-led-nixon-commerce-dept.html |archivedate=June 8, 2013}}
526. ^"Cook Quoted as Saying He Quit S.E.C. in Fear of Impeachment". The New York Times May 26, 1973.
527. ^{{cite web |url=http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/cook050807Transcript.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=November 22, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003221/http://3197d6d14b5f19f2f440-5e13d29c4c016cf96cbbfd197c579b45.r81.cf1.rackcdn.com/collection/oral-histories/cook050807Transcript.pdf |archivedate=December 3, 2013}}
528. ^"Cook, Former S.E.C. Chief, Cited in Bar Complaint". The New York Times September 28, 1974.
529. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?nixon_and_watergate_tmln_watergate_campaign_conspiracy=nixon_and_watergate_tmln__townhouse_operation_&timeline=nixon_and_watergate_tmln |title=The Nixon administration and Watergate: 'Townhouse Operation' |publisher=History Commons |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813051358/http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?nixon_and_watergate_tmln_watergate_campaign_conspiracy=nixon_and_watergate_tmln__townhouse_operation_&timeline=nixon_and_watergate_tmln |archivedate=August 13, 2016}}
530. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/files-detail-aid-to-bush-by-nixon-white-house.html |title=Files Detail Aid to Bush By Nixon White House |date=June 11, 1992 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008123128/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/files-detail-aid-to-bush-by-nixon-white-house.html |archivedate=October 8, 2016}}
531. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/02/AR2007100202225.html |title=Harry Dent; Advised Key Republicans |first=Patricia |last=Sullivan |date=October 3, 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008075533/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/02/AR2007100202225.html |archivedate=October 8, 2016}}
532. ^James R. Polk. "Top money manager: unpublicized fund-raiser may hold key for Nixon", originally in The Washington Star, reprinted in The Dallas Morning News, February 3, 1972, page 2A.
533. ^Miller and Morris, "Donations flood a loophole", Los Angeles Times, October 11, 1992.
534. ^Stanley Kutler (ed.), Watergate: the fall of Richard Nixon, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2010), pp. 215–216
535. ^{{cite web |url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg-Watergate%20Files/Corruption%20-%20Financial/Corruption%20118.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 4, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209053939/http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg-Watergate%20Files/Corruption%20-%20Financial/Corruption%20118.pdf |archivedate=February 9, 2016}}
536. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fff.org/2014/09/12/remembering-the-criminal-conviction-of-the-director-of-the-cia/ |title=Remembering the Criminal Conviction of the Director of the CIA |date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=The Future of Freedom Foundation |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101041231/http://www.fff.org/2014/09/12/remembering-the-criminal-conviction-of-the-director-of-the-cia/ |archivedate=November 1, 2016}}
537. ^{{cite news |date=October 24, 2002 |title=Richard Helms, Ex-C.I.A. Chief, Dies at 89 |author=Christopher Marquis |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/24/us/richard-helms-ex-cia-chief-dies-at-89.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423004236/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/24/us/richard-helms-ex-cia-chief-dies-at-89.html |archivedate=April 23, 2016}}
538. ^{{Cite book |title=Mudslingers: the top 25 negative political campaigns of all time: countdown from no. 25 to no. 1 |first=Kerwin C. |last=Swint |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4YUTlDOPxkC&pg=PA135|isbn=9780275985103 }}
539. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208221807/http://www.al-oholicsanonymous.com/interviews/washpost.html |date=February 8, 2001 }} | FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats By Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, The Washington Post October 10, 1972 {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/101072-1.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 27, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825103717/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/101072-1.htm |archivedate=August 25, 2010}}
540. ^Russell, Jenna (February 17, 2009). "Chapter 3: Chappaquiddick: Conflicted ambitions, then, Chappaquiddick". The Boston Globe. {{Cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/17/chapter_3_chappaquiddick/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=August 26, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221041557/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/17/chapter_3_chappaquiddick/ |archivedate=February 21, 2010}}. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
541. ^{{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed |url=https://books.google.com/?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&pg=PA413 |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4}}
542. ^{{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed |url=https://books.google.com/?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&pg=PA412 |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4}}
543. ^{{cite news |date=June 13, 2001 |title=Richard Hanna: Congressman Sent to Prison in Bribery Scandal |author=David Haldane |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jun/13/local/me-9908 |accessdate=May 22, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013111423/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jun/13/local/me-9908 |archivedate=October 13, 2012}}
544. ^Ronald J. Ostrow, "Prosecutor Decides Not to Appeal Reinecke Case", Los Angeles Times, February 4, 1976, page 19
545. ^{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/524/435/430417/ |title=United States of America v. Howard Edwin Reinecke, Appellant, 524 F.2d 435 (D.C. Cir. 1975) |publisher=law.justia.com |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213638/http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/524/435/430417/ |archivedate=March 3, 2016}}
546. ^{{cite news |title=Death of a Jovial Guy |work=Time |date=June 4, 1973 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907336,00.html |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311025151/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C907336%2C00.html |archivedate=March 11, 2016}}
547. ^MILLS, William Oswald – Biographical Information {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202024438/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000779 |date=February 2, 2017 }}
548. ^{{cite news |title=A House Ember Apparent Suicide |author=Ben A. Franklin |date=May 25, 1973 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/25/archives/a-house-member-apparent-suicide-mills-of-maryland-linked-to.html?_r=0}}
549. ^{{cite news |author=Paul Vitello |newspaper=The New York Times |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |archivedate=January 8, 2014 |title=George Hansen, Idaho Congressman and Convicted Swindler, Dies at 83 |date=August 20, 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/us/george-v-hansen-seven-term-idaho-congressman-dies-at-83.html}}
550. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com, George V. Hansen, Idaho congressman sentenced to federal prison, dies at 83 By Matt Schudel August 17, 2014, {{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/george-v-hansen-idaho-congressman-sentenced-to-federal-prison-dies-at-83/2014/08/17/567ca526-255b-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315001154/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/george-v-hansen-idaho-congressman-sentenced-to-federal-prison-dies-at-83/2014/08/17/567ca526-255b-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html |archivedate=March 15, 2017}}
551. ^{{cite web |url=http://gos.sbc.edu/f/friedan.html |title=Judge Carswell And The "Sex Plus" Doctrine |author=Betty Friedan |publisher=Gifts of Speech |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |postscript=. Testimony Before The Senate Judicial Committee – 1970.}}, cited from {{cite book |title=It Changed My Life |author=Betty Friedan |location=New York |publisher=Random House |year=1976 |pages=132–136}}
552. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942208,00.html |title=The Supreme Court: A Seat for Mediocrity? |date=March 30, 1970 |work=Time |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805013735/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C942208%2C00.html |archivedate=August 5, 2011}}
553. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20051005-092022-5265r.htm |title=Crony cachet |work=The Washingtion Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614122422/http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20051005-092022-5265r.htm |archivedate=June 14, 2006}}
554. ^  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221164330/http://www.fjc.gov/|date=February 21, 2017}} | Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 (1993), page 31, {{cite web|url=http://www2.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf|title=Archived copy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228022920/http://www2.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf|archivedate=December 28, 2016|deadurl=yes|accessdate=February 19, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
555. ^{{cite web |title=Herbert Allan Fogel |publisher=OpenJurist |url=https://openjurist.org/judge/herbert-allan-fogel}}
556. ^https://www.nytimes.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108144641/http://www.nytimes.com/ |date=January 8, 2014 }}, April 10, 1989, US, "Washington Talk", The New York Times
557. ^{{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political corruption in America: an encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed |via=Google Books |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4gYAAAAIAAJ}}
558. ^{{cite news |title=Former Senator Fined in Lengthy Bribe Case |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zgxZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SEYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5900,4331879&dq=daniel+brewster&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Victoria Advocate |location=Victoria, TX |date=June 26, 1975 |page=10A |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
559. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-Senator Convicted on Lesser Count |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PL1QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fdAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2862,2067025&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Portsmouth Times |location=Portsmouth, Ohio |date=November 18, 1972 |page=7 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
560. ^{{cite news |title=Brewster Gets Six-Year Term |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=F6xfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tTIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3124,721092&dq=daniel+brewster&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=Lewiston, Idaho |date=February 3, 1973 |page=20 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
561. ^{{cite news |title=Brewster Conviction Overturned |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iDkjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S4kFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4159,344483&dq=daniel+brewster+overturned&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Tri City Herald |location=Kennewick, Washington |date=August 2, 1974 |page=Second Page One |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
562. ^Laura Kalman (1990). Abe Fortas. Yale University Press. {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-Fbl_xE1E0C |title=Abe Fortas: A Biography |accessdate=October 20, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226130815/http://books.google.com/books?id=x-Fbl_xE1E0C |archivedate=December 26, 2011|isbn=978-0300173697 |author1=Kalman |first1=Laura |year=1990 }}.
563. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/03/obituaries/thomas-johnson-78-lost-post-in-congress.html |work=The New York Times |title=Thomas Johnson, 78; Lost Post in Congress |date=February 3, 1988 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604150347/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/03/obituaries/thomas-johnson-78-lost-post-in-congress.html |archivedate=June 4, 2011}}
564. ^{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000725 |title=BOYKIN, Frank William – Biographical Information |publisher=Bioguide.congress.gov |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709031434/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000725 |archivedate=July 9, 2010}}
565. ^{{cite news |title=Two Former Congressmen Are Sentenced |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xhsvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=StsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=650,1394493&dq=frank+boykin&hl=en |agency=United Press International |newspaper=Beaver County Times |location=Beaver, Pennsylvania |date=October 8, 1963 |page=4 |accessdate=January 14, 2011}}
566. ^Primary Sources: Checkers speech, pbs.org, {{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/37_nixon/psources/ps_checkers.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 1, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417094233/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/37_nixon/psources/ps_checkers.html |archivedate=April 17, 2009}}. Retrieved June 1, 2009.
567. ^Time, September 29, 1958, The administration: Exit Adams
568. ^{{Cite news |author=Cecilia Kang |date=October 31, 2011 |title=Obama names FCC commissioners, both agency, Hill veterans |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/obama-names-democrats-rosenworcel-gops-pai-to-fcc/2011/10/31/gIQAKG5raM_blog.html?wpisrc=nl_tech |accessdate=November 1, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228070318/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/obama-names-democrats-rosenworcel-gops-pai-to-fcc/2011/10/31/gIQAKG5raM_blog.html?wpisrc=nl_tech |archivedate=December 28, 2014}}
569. ^{{cite web |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/trouble.html |title=The Political Graveyard: Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Florida |author=Lawrence Kestenbaum |work=Political Graveyard |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015111327/http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/trouble.html |archivedate=October 15, 2014}}
570. ^{{cite web |publisher=United States Senate Historical Office |title=The Censure Case of Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin (1954) |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/133Joseph_McCarthy.htm |accessdate=January 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107030754/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/133Joseph_McCarthy.htm |archivedate=January 7, 2010}}
571. ^{{cite book |author=David Caute |title=The great fear: the anti-Communist purge under Truman and Eisenhower |year=1978 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-22682-4}}
572. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/04/embattled_turner_calls_easy_reelection_victory_significant/ |work=The Boston Globe |title=Embattled Turner calls easy reelection victory 'significant' |first=Matt |last=Viser |date=November 4, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211150613/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/04/embattled_turner_calls_easy_reelection_victory_significant/ |archivedate=February 11, 2010}}
573. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877559,00.html |work=Time |title=TRIALS: Congressman Convicted |date=January 10, 1972 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808132301/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C877559%2C00.html |archivedate=August 8, 2013}}
574. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-09/news/mn-12142_1 |work=Los Angeles Times |title=Tucker Is Fourth California Congressman to Be Convicted Since 1936 |first=David |last=Rosenzweig |date=December 9, 1995}}
575. ^{{cite web |url=http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=431 |title=Historical Highlights | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |publisher=Artandhistory.house.gov |date= |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213000537/http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=431 |archivedate=December 13, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}
576. ^Smaltz, Donald C. (July 1998). "Independent Counsel: A View from Inside". The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 86, No. 6.
577. ^Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) pp 48–49
578. ^J. Parnell Thomas at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
579. ^Time magazine, "Artful Dodger", December 5, 1949.
580. ^{{cite book |author=Jack Beatty |title=The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley, 1874–1958 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=prvjXD88ADIC |date=August 23, 2000 |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0-306-81704-5}}
581. ^{{cite news |title=Hogan Convicted of Taking Bribes; Ex-Representative Gets Year and a Day in Prison in Naturalization Fraud Case. |date=October 16, 1935 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=19 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/16/archives/hogan-convicted-of-taking-bribes-exrepresentative-gets-year-and-a.html}}
582. ^http://www.mnhs.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131030751/http://www.mnhs.org/ |date=January 31, 2009 }}, "From leavenworth to Congress" by Frederick L. Johnson, p. 168,
583. ^David Rosenzweig, "Tucker Is Fourth California Congressman to Be Convicted Since 1936", Los Angeles Times, December 9, 1995 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518142128/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-09/news/mn-12142_1_hinshaw |date=May 18, 2015 }}
584. ^{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000659 |title=SNOW, Donald Francis – Biographical Information |publisher=bioguide.congress.gov |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812135302/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000659 |archivedate=August 12, 2016}}
585. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Donald-F-Snow/6000000026368383986 |title=Donald F. Snow |publisher=U.S. Congress |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819053212/https://www.geni.com/people/Donald-F-Snow/6000000026368383986 |archivedate=August 19, 2016}}
586. ^{{cite web |url=http://maineanencyclopedia.com/snow-donald-f/ |title=Snow, Donald F. |date=March 25, 2012 |publisher=Maine Encyclopedia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601055016/http://maineanencyclopedia.com/snow-donald-f/ |archivedate=June 1, 2016}}
587. ^{{cite web |url=http://memim.com/donald-f.-snow.html |title=Donald F. Snow |publisher=Maine Encyclopedia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919050433/http://memim.com/donald-f.-snow.html |archivedate=September 19, 2016}}
588. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 [https://www.fjc.gov] | Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 | Emily Field Van Tassel | With Beverly Hudson Wirtz and Peter Wonders | Federal Judicial History Office | Federal Judicial Center | 1993 | [https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/2012/judgeres.pdf]
589. ^[https://constitutionallawreporter.com/] | IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE HALSTED L RITTER | [https://constitutionallawreporter.com/2017/05/31/impeachment-of-halsted-l-ritter/]
590. ^[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-HPREC-DESCHLERS-V3/pdf/GPO-HPREC-DESCHLERS-V3-5-5-5.pdf]
591. ^1936-04-16 | Strange Impeachment of Halsted L. Ritter Judge of the United States District Court. Miami, Florida | HALSTED L. RITTER |  
592. ^ 
593. ^Halsted L. Ritter at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center
594. ^{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Ex-Judge Manton Of U.S. Bench Here. Head of the Appeals Court Who Served Time for Accepting $186,000 Dies Up-State |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/11/18/archives/exjudge-manton-of-usbench-here-head-of-the-appeals-court-who-served.html |quote=Martin T. Manton, former United States Circuit Court of Appeals Judge and central figure in a scandal unique in the history of the Federal bench, died today at the home of a son here. He was 66 years old. |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 18, 1946 |accessdate=December 24, 2010}}
595. ^ 
596. ^[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/thomas-edwin-stark]
597. ^  | History of Century City | Tom Mix and William Fox | Craig Owens |  
598. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/112HiramBingham.htm |title=U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > The Censure Case of Hiram Bingham of Connecticut (1929) |publisher=U.S. Senate |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824111111/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/censure_cases/112HiramBingham.htm |archivedate=August 24, 2010}}
599. ^nytimes.com, April 15, 1931, Rowbottom Guilty in Postal Job Sales; Ex-Indiana Representative Gets Year in Leavenworth on BribeTaking Charges,{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/prince_harry/index.html?offset=30&field=des&match=exact&query=BRIBERY |title=Archived copy |accessdate=February 10, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302200521/http://www.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/prince_harry/index.html?offset=30&field=des&match=exact&query=BRIBERY |archivedate=March 2, 2014}}
600. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=2sNp1l1pNroC&pg=PT319&lpg=PT319&dq=George+Ernest+Foulkes+Postmasters&source=bl&ots=nybC5l-GcX&sig=_5VqG-REXXpOYsexOw4GHCGEa_o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iF8WVKrwFsuwyAT0j4LoBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=George%20Ernest%20Foulkes%20Postmasters&f=false Long, Kim. The Almanac of Political Corruption, Scandals & Dirty Politics, (2008).] {{ISBN|0307481344}}.
601. ^[Miller v. United States, 24 F.2d 353 (2nd Cir. 1928)]
602. ^{{cite journal |author=Harry J. Carman |author2=Elmer D. Graper |title=Record of Political Events From July 1, 1920 to June 30, 1921 |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume=36 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=fa8QAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA21&lpg=RA1-PA21&dq=%5BThomas+B.+Miller%5D%5D+(R)+Alien+Property+Custodian+appointed#v=onepage&q=%5BThomas%20B.%20Miller%5D%5D%20(R)%20Alien%20Property%20Custodian%20appointed&f=false|year=1921 }}
603. ^{{cite web |title=Commissioner Frederick A. Fenning |publisher=Public Service Commission of the District of Columbia |url=http://www.dcpsc.org/getmedia/8d735471-23fc-48ab-960f-b64097f30233/DCPU_Chairman_Commissioners1913_2013.aspx |page=16}}
604. ^{{cite book |chapter=CCII. Impeachment Proceedings Not Resulting in Trial |title=Precedents of the House of Representatives |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=786 |chapter-url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-HPREC-CANNONS-V6/pdf/GPO-HPREC-CANNONS-V6-55.pdf}}
605. ^{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16680 |title=LANGLEY, Katherine Gudger |publisher=house.gov |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625105531/http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16680 |archivedate=June 25, 2016}}
606. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2013/07/he-wears-breeches-but-lady-has-brains.html |title=He wears the breeches but the lady has the brains |work=Appalachian History |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630044326/http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2013/07/he-wears-breeches-but-lady-has-brains.html |archivedate=June 30, 2016}}
607. ^{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=v000071 |title=VARE, William Scott – Biographical Information |work=congress.gov |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614013849/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000071 |archivedate=June 14, 2012}}
608. ^Smith, Frank Leslie – Biographical Information {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026045308/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000534 |date=October 26, 2012 }}
609. ^Frank Lloyd Wright {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223214203/http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Books/SmithBank.htm |date=February 23, 2017 }}
610. ^George W. English at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
611. ^[https://constitutionallawreporter.com/2017/05/17/george-w-english/ Impeachment of Judge George w. English dismissed after Resignation]
612. ^[https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1926041700 Impeachment Trials by the Senate]
613. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2086&nm=Ohio-Gang |title=Ohio History Central |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=April 28, 2013 |accessdate=May 14, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120060344/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2086&nm=Ohio-Gang |archivedate=January 20, 2013}}
614. ^"Senate Investigates the "Teapot Dome" Scandal". Historical Minutes: 1921–1940. Art & History, United States Senate. {{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=April 11, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501180230/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm |archivedate=May 1, 2012}}.
615. ^Edwin Denby at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on February 24, 2008.
616. ^1 http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004045022/http://ohiohistorycentral.org/ |date=October 4, 2006 }}, Harry M. Daugherty
617. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=3034&nm=Charles-Forbes |title=Charles Forbes – Ohio History Central |publisher=ohiohistorycentral.org |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622025851/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=3034&nm=Charles-Forbes |archivedate=June 22, 2011}}
618. ^Joplin News Herald (March 20, 1926), p. 1; The Charleston Gazette (February 13, 1924), pp. 1, 9; Time (April 21, 1952), Milestones; administration of Veterans' Affairs (excluding Health and Insurance), (2010); Dean (2004), Warren G Harding, pp. 140, 141
619. ^Time, March 31, 1930, "National Affairs: Ohio Gangster"
620. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B05E2DE103EEE3ABC4051DFB667838A639EDE |work=The New York Times |title=Blanton Censured, Falls Later in Faint; House Is Unanimous for Formal Rebuke after Expulsion Proposal Fails |date=October 28, 1921 |page=1 |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117104433/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B05E2DE103EEE3ABC4051DFB667838A639EDE |archivedate=January 17, 2013}}
621. ^{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000062 |title=Truman Handy Newberry |publisher=US House of Representatives, Office of History and Preservation |accessdate=February 11, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218181845/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=n000062 |archivedate=February 18, 2008}}
622. ^1 {{cite web |title=January 12, 1922 Senator "Condemned" for Excessive Campaign Expenditures |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senator_Condemned_for_Excessive_Campaign_Expenditures.htm |publisher=U.S. Senate: Art & History; Historical Minute Essays |accessdate=November 18, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103172337/http://senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senator_Condemned_for_Excessive_Campaign_Expenditures.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2010}}
623. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19290401&id=TycbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LksEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2095,6530308&hl=en "Jurist Quits Under Fire of Congressman's Charge" The Pittsburgh Press, April 1, 1929.]
624. ^[https://www.newspapers.com] | Thursday, April 4, 1929 | Judge Winslow Resigns | Poughkeepsie Eagle-News | page 6 | [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17697088/judge_winslow_resigns/]
625. ^The Providence Journal: Mark Arsenault, "1919 Newport sting targeted gay sailors, ended in scandal" April 13, 2009, accessed December 6, 2009
626. ^[https://www.nytimes.com] | October 7, 1914 | JUSTICE WRIGHT RESIGNS | Accused Jurist Prevents Impeachment by Giving Up Office | Special to The New York Times | page 8 | [https://www.nytimes.com/1914/10/07/archives/justice-wright-resigns-accused-jurist-prevents-impeachment-by.html]
627. ^[https://books.google.com] | January 1, 1914 | The Journeyman Barber: Volume 10 | page 581 | [https://books.google.com/books?id=lt1JAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA581&lpg=PA581&dq=Daniel+Thew+Wright+resigns&source=bl&ots=jbhMMWdzyT&sig=nCLzf-yWB7D4CyYyszhZQt8Ya0Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiF0Jz08tLfAhVO0KwKHXb5AeYQ6AEwBnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Daniel%20Thew%20Wright%20resigns&f=false]
628. ^Chicago Tribune, December 26, 2008, Section 1, page 43, "An Illinois civics lesson from an early scandal' by Nina Owen
629. ^Butler, Anne M. and Wendy Wolff. United States Senate: Election, Expulsion, and Censure Cases: 1793–1990. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1995. pp. 269–271
630. ^{{cite journal |jstor=40168675 |title=Ralph H. Cameron and the Grand Canyon (Part I) |first=Douglas H. |last=Strong |date=January 1, 1978 |journal=Arizona and the West |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=41–64}}
631. ^Robert Wodrow Archbald at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
632. ^{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Hanford Resigns; No Impeachment; By Agreement with Congressional Committee Federal Judge Withdraws Under Fire. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/07/23/104902145.pdf |accessdate=March 22, 2016 |date=July 23, 1912}}
633. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm |title=4 Briefing on Expulsion and Censure |date=May 30, 2014 |publisher=senate.gov |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530091911/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm |archivedate=May 30, 2010}}
634. ^{{Cite encyclopedia |editor=Frank W. Blackmar |title=Burton, Joseph Ralph |url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/b/burton_joseph_ralph.html |encyclopedia=Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc ... |volume=I |publisher=Standard Pub Co |location=Chicago |year=1912 |pages=259–260 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504121114/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/b/burton_joseph_ralph.html |archivedate=May 4, 2011 |df=}}
635. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcare.reachinformation.com/Henry%20B.%20Cassel.aspx |title=reachinformation.com |publisher=reachinformation.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025419/http://www.healthcare.reachinformation.com/Henry%20B.%20Cassel.aspx |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |access-date=May 6, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
636. ^1 {{cite book |title=Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOgCthdaJqIC&pg |last=Greenberg |first=Gerald S. |pages=164–166 |year=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-30735-5 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106133854/https://books.google.com/books?id=qOgCthdaJqIC&pg |archivedate=January 6, 2016}}
637. ^{{cite web |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pardon.html |publisher=The Political Graveyard |title=List of Politicians Who Were Pardoned |accessdate=June 27, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720234403/http://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pardon.html |archivedate=July 20, 2007}}
638. ^https://cdnc.ucr.edu | Senator Detrich's Trial Comes to Sudden Ending, San Francisco Call, Volume 95, Number 40, January 9, 1904 [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a==d&d=SFC19040109.2.56]
639. ^http://archives.chicagotribune.com Dietrich Wins in First Fight, The Chicago Daily Tribune: January 5, 1904, page 14, 
640. ^{{cite book |author=Robert C. Byrd |editor=Wendy Wolff |title=Senate, 1789–1989, V. 4: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-16-063256-3|page=667 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C&pg=PA667}}
641. ^{{cite book |author=Joseph A. Cannon |author2=Rick Fish |url=http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/c/CANNON_GEORGE.html |title=Cannon, George Q. |editor=Allan Kent Powell |year=1994 |work=Utah History Encyclopedia |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=University of Utah Press |isbn=978-0-87480-425-6 |oclc=30473917 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113125552/http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/c/CANNON_GEORGE.html |archivedate=January 13, 2017}}
642. ^http://www.nd.gov {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028035553/http://www.nd.gov/ |date=October 28, 2005 }}, Nehemiah G. Ordway
643. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/?id=TVsUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=Levi%20D.%20Jarrard%20appointed#v=onepage&q=Levi%20D.%20Jarrard%20appointed&f=false |title=Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America |first=United States Congress |last=Senate |date=January 1, 1901 |publisher=D. Green |via=Google Books}}
644. ^{{cite news |title=Collector Jarrard Sentenced |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 30, 1884}}
645. ^Trefousse, Hans L., Carl Schurz: A Biography, (U. of Tenn. Press, 1982)
646. ^{{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power and Greed |chapter=Hayt, Ezra Ayres (1823–1902) |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2003 |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |pages=158–159 |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4 |chapter-url=http://www.politicalavenue.com/electronic-reserve-service/encyclopedias/Encyclopedia%20of%20Political%20Corruption%20in%20America.pdf}}
647. ^{{cite web |url=http://data.almd.uscourts.gov/outreach/docs/BUSTEED.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 23, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225030752/http://data.almd.uscourts.gov/outreach/docs/BUSTEED.pdf |archivedate=December 25, 2016}}
648. ^{{cite book |author=Asher C. Hinds |title=Hind's Precedents of the House of Representatives of the United States |chapter=Impeachment Proceedings Not Resulting in Trial |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1907 |pages=1020–1022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRRya8FlKooC&pg=PA1020&lpg=PA1020&dq=judge+richard+busteed+resigns&source=bl&ots=APK2mWYiN1&sig=QsVsVdXqkw7wHVDSSet_fmu7sqE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY_5Sb_aHSAhWoxlQKHWOMBbM4ChDoAQgcMAE#v=onepage&q=judge%20richard%20busteed%20resigns&f=true}}
649. ^"District Judge Edward Henry Durell". LAED US Courts. United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, n.d. April 4, 2013.
650. ^{{cite web |title=Edward Henry Durell |publisher=OpenJurist |url=https://openjurist.org/judge/edward-henry-durell}}
651. ^{{cite journal |author=Charles Lane |title=Edward Henry Durell: A Study in Reputation |journal=Green Bag |volume=13 |issue=2 |url=http://www.greenbag.org/v13n2/v13n2_lane.pdf}}
652. ^Hinds' Precedents, Volume III, Chapter LXXVII, section 2444, pp. 903–904.
653. ^1 2 3 Rives, Timothy, "Grant, Babcock, and the Whiskey Ring", Prologue, Fall 2000, Vol. 32, No. 3.
654. ^{{cite book |author=Jack Stark |title=The Wisconsin State Constitution |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780199779185 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=7_BMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=judge+levi+hubbell+removed+1875#v=onepage&q=judge%20levi%20hubbell%20removed%201875&f=false}}
655. ^[https://access.newspaperarchive.com/us/wisconsin/madison/madison-wisconsin-state-journal/1876/12-09?tag=levi+hubbell+1876&rtserp=tags/levi-hubbell-1876?psb=relavance Access Newspaper Archive Institutional Version | Unauthorised User]
656. ^1 {{cite web |title=Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Massachusetts |publisher=Political Graveyard |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MA/trouble.html}}
657. ^[https://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/warichardson.aspx]
658. ^1874 Ways and Means Report Urges Repeal of Private Tax Debt Collection Law {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719104506/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/cfdfd7ecba8d6fba85256f1e0065e427?OpenDocument |date=July 19, 2011 }}
659. ^The New York Times October 16, 1869 Harper's Weekly Cartoon: "Black Friday" and the Attempt to Corner the Gold Market. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427035653/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/1016.html |date=April 27, 2010 }}
660. ^{{cite book |author=Leonard Alexander Swann |title=John Roach, Maritime Entrepreneur |url=https://books.google.com/?id=91j4E08lh0cC&pg=PA125 |date=August 1, 1980 |publisher=Arno Press |isbn=978-0-405-13078-6 |page=125}}
661. ^{{cite book |author=Lawrence M. Salinger |title=Encyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate Crime |date=August 3, 2004 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-3004-4}}
662. ^Ames brothers celebrate "Golden Spike"
663. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=139 |title=Ames Brothers Celebrate 'Golden Spike' May 10, 1869 |publisher=Mass Moments |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126124437/http://massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=139 |archivedate=November 26, 2010}}
664. ^{{Biographical Directory of Congress|B000881|James Brooks|author=|noid=y|inline=y|accessdate=May 12, 2009}}
665. ^The Expulsion Case of James W. Patterson of New Hampshire (1873) (Crédit Mobilier Scandal) {{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/expulsion_cases/064JamesPatterson_expulsion.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 30, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001134127/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/expulsion_cases/064JamesPatterson_expulsion.htm |archivedate=October 1, 2013}}
666. ^[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/061Pomeroy_Caldwell.htm U.S. Senate: The Election Case of Samuel C. Pomeroy and Alexander Caldwell of Kansas (1873)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324083844/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/contested_elections/061Pomeroy_Caldwell.htm |date=March 24, 2017 }}
667. ^Grossman, Mark; [https://books.google.com/books?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&pg=PA44&dq=Orris+Ferry+resignation&lr=&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Orris%20Ferry%20resignation&f=false Political corruption in America: an encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed], ABC-CLIO, 2003 {{ISBN|1-57607-060-3}}. p. 44
668. ^Jesse William Weik, The real Lincoln: a portrait (1922).
669. ^Emily Field Van Tassel, Paul Finkelman, Impeachable offenses: a documentary history from 1787 to the present (1999), p. 120.
670. ^[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3/pdf/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3-28.pdf]
671. ^ 
672. ^{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/?id=PRRya8FlKooC&pg=PA1020&lpg=PA1020&dq=judge+richard+busteed+resigns#v=onepage&q=judge%20richard%20busteed%20resigns&f=true | title=Hinds' precedents of the House of Representatives of the United States: Including references to provisions of the Constitution, the laws, and decisions of the United States Senate| last1=Hinds| first1=Asher Crosby| last2=Cannon| first2=Clarence| year=1907}}
673. ^[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/busteed-richard Federal Judiciary Center |]
674. ^[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5887141/richard-busteed]
675. ^Wisconsin Court System. [https://wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/hubbell.htm Levi Hubbell (1808–1876)].
676. ^[https://www.wisbar.org] | [Federal Attorneys Protecting Civil Rights: The Road Since the Civil War | STEVEN M. BISKUPIC | [https://www.wisbar.org/NewsPublications/WisconsinLawyer/Pages/Article.aspx?Volume=91&Issue=8&ArticleID=26564]
677. ^[https://www.jstor.org] | The Wisconsin Magazine of History © 1980 Wisconsin Historical Society | Vol. 64, No. 1 (Autumn, 1980), pp. 28–39 | Judge Levi Hubbell: A Man Impeached | Marilyn Grant | [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4635473?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]
678. ^[https://www.nps.gov/fosm/learn/historyculture/district-judge.htm]
679. ^ 
680. ^"Andrew Johnson Trial: The Consciences of Seven Republicans Save Johnson".
681. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/simon-cameron |title=Simon Cameron: Biography from |publisher=Answers.com |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301103312/http://www.answers.com/topic/simon-cameron |archivedate=March 1, 2011}}
682. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm |title=U.S. Senate: Expulsion and Censure |publisher=U.S. Senate |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530091911/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm |archivedate=May 30, 2010}}
683. ^ROUSSEAU, Lovell Harrison – Biographical Information {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908081649/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000468 |date=September 8, 2016 }}
684. ^Lovell Harrison Rousseau, Major General, United States Army & Member of Congress {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710041447/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/lhrousea.htm |date=July 10, 2007 }}
685. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=qccSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA394#v=onepage&q&f=false Iowa Journal of History, Volume 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208215607/http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/ngr/rousseau.htm |date=February 8, 2008 }}
686. ^The Political Graveyard: Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Kentucky {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015111413/http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KY/trouble.html |date=October 15, 2014 }}
687. ^{{cite book |last=Hoffer |first=Williamjames Hull |date=2010 |title=The Caning of Charles Sumner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NPbXpW9fTEC&pg=PA7 |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=7 |isbn=978-0-8018-9469-5}}
688. ^{{cite news |last=Puleo |first=Stephen |date=March 29, 2015 |title=The US Senate's Darkest Moment: An Excerpt from Stephen Puleo's Book, "The Caning", About an Infamous Fight Between Two Senators |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2015/03/28/the-senate-darkest-moment/sqXdd3HYKkMFEmGA4d24rM/story.html |newspaper=Boston Globe |location=Boston, MA}}
689. ^*An account of the incident, the participants and the aftermath {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129091444/http://www.kevinbaker.info/c_cp.html |date=January 29, 2010 }}
690. ^Keneally, p. 66.
691. ^{{cite news |title=Assassination of Philip Barton Key, by Daniel E. Sickles of New York |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/824716112.html?dids=824716112:824716112&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+01,+1859&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Assassination+of+Philip+Barton+Key,+by+Daniel+E.+Sickles+of+New+York&pqatl=google |quote=For more than a year there have been floating rumors of improper intimacy between Mr. Key and Mrs. Sickles They have from time to time attended parties, the opera, and rode out together. Mr. Sickles has heard of these reports, but would never credit them until Thursday evening last. On that evening, just as a party was about breaking up at his house, Mr Sickles received among his papers... |work=Hartford Daily Courant |date=March 1, 1959 |accessdate=November 30, 2010}}
692. ^p.573, Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People (1965) p. 573
693. ^Robert Remini, Andrew Jackson and the course of American democracy, 1833–1845 (1984) p. 449
694. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.clemson.edu/about/history/calhoun-clemson/floridebcalhoun.html |title=Floride Bonneau Colhoun Calhoun |publisher=Clemson University |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308081229/http://www.clemson.edu/about/history/calhoun-clemson/floridebcalhoun.html |archivedate=March 8, 2016}}
695. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.texasescapes.com/AllThingsHistorical/Robert-and-Harriet-Potter-304AM.htm |title=Robert and Harriet Potter. |publisher=texasescapes.com |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213144134/http://texasescapes.com/AllThingsHistorical/Robert-and-Harriet-Potter-304AM.htm |archivedate=February 13, 2010}}
696. ^"The Election of 1824 Was Decided in the House of Representatives: The Controversial Election was Denounced as 'The Corrupt Bargain'" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307212214/http://history1800s.about.com/od/leaders/a/electionof1824.htm |date=March 7, 2009 }}, Robert McNamara, About.com
697. ^{{cite book |author=Andro Linklater |title=An artist in treason: the extraordinary double life of General James Wilkinson |date=September 29, 2009 |publisher=Walker & Company |isbn=978-0-8027-1720-7}}
698. ^"Aaron Burr and the Definition of Treason (1783–1815)". American Eras. 8 vols. Gale Research, 1997–1998. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. October 24, 2005
699. ^"Burr's Conspiracy, 1805–1807". DISCovering U.S. History. Online Edition. Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. October 24, 2005.
700. ^Jerry W. Knudson, "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802–1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction", American Journal of Legal History 1970 14(1): 55–75; Richard Ellis, "The Impeachment of Samuel Chase", in American Political Trials, ed. by Michael R. Belknap (1994) pp. 57–76, quote on p. 64.
701. ^{{FJC Bio|1884|nid=1386326|name=John Pickering}}
702. ^T. M. Iiams, Peacemaking from Vergennes to Napoleon: French Foreign Relations in the Revolutionary Era, 1774–1814 (1979); A. Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (1932); E. Wilson Lyon, "The Directory and the United States", American Historical Review, Vol. 43, No. 3 (April 1938), pp. 514–532 in JSTOR
703. ^[https://www.google.com/booksm, Matthew Lyon, the Hampden of Congress by James Fairfax McLaughlin, p. 257]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
704. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/matthew_lyons.aspx |title=Matthew Lyons |accessdate=August 31, 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
705. ^Blount Mansion History {{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000570 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 29, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708054022/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b000570 |archivedate=July 8, 2008}}
706. ^Ferling, John. The First of Men: A Life of George Washington, p. 225
707. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.silasdeaneonline.org |title=Silas Deane Online |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315150921/http://www.silasdeaneonline.org/ |archivedate=March 15, 2010}}

References

  • {{cite book |author=Mark Grossman |title=Political corruption in America: an encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed |url=https://books.google.com/?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&pg=PA182 |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-060-4}}
  • {{cite book |editor=C. Vann Woodward |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct: essays by historians on each administration from George Washington to Lyndon Johnson |year=1974}}
{{United States topics}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Political Scandals Of The United States}}

4 : Political scandals in the United States|Lists of political scandals by country|American politicians convicted of federal public corruption crimes|George W. Bush administration controversies
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/21 13:25:51