| 释义 |
- 1000 BC to 1 BC
- 1–1300 AD
- 1301–1800 AD
- 1801–1900 AD
- 1901–present
- Geometers in art
- References
{{redirects|Geometer|the moth family|geometer moth}}{{General geometry}}A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is geometry. Some important geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are: 1000 BC to 1 BC {{Further|History of geometry}}- Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) - Euclidean geometry, geometric algebra
- Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) - Euclidean geometry
- Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC–c. 546 BC) - Euclidean geometry
- Pythagoras (c. 570 BC–c. 495 BC) - Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem
- Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC–c. 430 BC) - Euclidean geometry
- Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470–died 410 BC) - first systematically organized Stoicheia - Elements (geometry textbook)
- Mozi (c. 468 BC–c. 391 BC)
- Plato (427–347 BC)
- Theaetetus (c. 417 BC–369 BC)
- Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) - astronomy, spherical geometry
- Euclid (fl. 300 BC) - Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry")
- Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC–c. 190 BC) - Euclidean geometry, conic sections
- Archimedes (c. 287 BC–c. 212 BC) - Euclidean geometry
- Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC–c. 195/194 BC) - Euclidean geometry
- Katyayana (c. 3rd century BC) - Euclidean geometry
1–1300 AD - Hero of Alexandria (c. AD 10–70) - Euclidean geometry
- Pappus of Alexandria (c. AD 290–c. 350) - Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
- Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD 370–c. 415) - Euclidean geometry
- Brahmagupta (597–668) - Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
- Vergilius of Salzburg (c.700–784) - Irish bishop of Aghaboe, Ossory and later Salzburg, Austria; antipodes, and astronomy
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800–c. 860)
- Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901) - analytic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, conic sections
- Abu'l-Wáfa (940–998) - spherical geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
- Alhazen (965–c. 1040)
- Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) - algebraic geometry, conic sections
- Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196)
{{Clear}} 1301–1800 AD
Leonardo da Vinci |
Johannes Kepler |
Girard Desargues |
René Descartes |
Blaise Pascal |
Isaac Newton |
Leonhard Euler |
Carl Gauss |
August Möbius |
Nikolai Lobachevsky |
John Playfair |
Jakob Steiner |
- Piero della Francesca (1415–1492)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) - Euclidean geometry
- Jyesthadeva (c. 1500–c. 1610) - Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
- Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) - (used geometric ideas in astronomical work)
- Girard Desargues (1591–1661) - projective geometry; Desargues' theorem
- René Descartes (1596–1650) - invented the methodology of analytic geometry, also called Cartesian geometry after him
- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) - projective geometry
- Giordano Vitale (1633–1711)
- Philippe de La Hire (1640–1718) - projective geometry
- Isaac Newton (1642–1727) - 3rd-degree algebraic curve
- Giovanni Ceva (1647–1734) - Euclidean geometry
- Johann Jacob Heber (1666–1727) - surveyor and geometrician
- Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) - non-Euclidean geometry
- Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
- Tobias Mayer (1723–1762)
- Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) - non-Euclidean geometry
- Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) - descriptive geometry
- John Playfair (1748–1819) - Euclidean geometry
- Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) - projective geometry
- Joseph Diaz Gergonne (1771–1859 ) - projective geometry; Gergonne point
- Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) - Theorema Egregium
- Louis Poinsot (1777–1859)
- Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867) - projective geometry
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789 – 1857)
- August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868) - Euclidean geometry
- Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856) - hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
- Germinal Dandelin (1794–1847) - Dandelin spheres in conic sections
- Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) - champion of synthetic geometry methodology, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry
1801–1900 AD
Julius Plücker |
Arthur Cayley |
Bernhard Riemann |
Richard Dedekind |
Max Noether |
Felix Klein |
Henri Poincaré |
Evgraf Fedorov |
Alicia Boole Stott |
Albert Einstein |
Buckminster Fuller |
M. C. Escher |
- Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800–1834) - Euclidean geometry
- Julius Plücker (1801–1868)
- János Bolyai (1802–1860) - hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
- Christian Heinrich von Nagel (1803–1882) - Euclidean geometry
- Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882) - topology
- Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811–1874) - algebraic invariants and geometry
- Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892) - differential geometry
- Arthur Cayley (1821–1895)
- Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900)
- Delfino Codazzi (1824–1873) - differential geometry
- Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) - elliptic geometry (a non-Euclidean geometry) and Riemannian geometry
- Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
- Ludwig Burmester (1840–1927) - theory of linkages
- Edmund Hess (1843–1903)
- Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845–1922)
- Max Noether (1844–1921) - algebraic geometry
- Henri Brocard (1845–1922) - Brocard points
- William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879) - geometric algebra
- Pieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1923)
- Felix Klein (1849–1925)
- Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
- Evgraf Fedorov (1853–1919)
- Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
- Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) - differential geometry
- Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940)
- Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) - non-Euclidean geometry
- Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) - algebraic geometry
- Élie Cartan (1869–1951)
- Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931) - differential geometry
- Veniamin Kagan (1869–1953)
- Raoul Bricard (1870–1944) - descriptive geometry
- Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928) - Steinitz's theorem
- Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
- Albert Einstein (1879–1955) - non-Euclidean geometry
- Oswald Veblen (1880–1960) - projective geometry, differential geometry
- Emmy Noether (1882–1935) - algebraic topology
- Harry Clinton Gossard (1884–1954)
- Arthur Rosenthal (1887–1959)
- Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983)
- Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) - algebraic geometry
- Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898–1972) - artist who used geometrical ideas extensively
1901–present
H. S. M. Coxeter |
Ernst Witt |
Benoît Mandelbrot |
Branko Grünbaum |
Michael Atiyah |
J. H. Conway |
William Thurston |
Mikhail Gromov |
George W. Hart |
Shing-Tung Yau |
Károly Bezdek |
Grigori Perelman |
- William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1903–1975)
- Patrick du Val (1903–1987)
- Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) - combinatorial geometry
- Samuel L. Greitzer (1905–1988) - founding chairman of USA Mathematical Olympiad
- J. C. P. Miller (1906–1981)
- André Weil (1906–1998) - Algebraic geometry
- H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003) - theory of polytopes, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
- J. A. Todd (1908–1994)
- Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998)
- Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004) - differential geometry
- Ernst Witt (1911–1991)
- Rafael Artzy (1912–2006)
- Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
- László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005)
- Edwin Evariste Moise (1918–1998)
- Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002) - differential geometry
- Magnus Wenninger (1919–2017) - polyhedron models
- Jean-Louis Koszul (1921–2018)
- Isaak Yaglom (1921–1988)
- Benoît Mandelbrot (1924–2010) - fractal geometry
- Katsumi Nomizu (1924–2008) - affine differential geometry
- Michael S. Longuet-Higgins (1925–2016)
- John Leech (mathematician) (1926–1992)
- Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) - algebraic geometry
- Branko Grünbaum (1929–2018) - discrete geometry
- Michael Atiyah (1929–2019)
- Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (1908–1988)
- Geoffrey Colin Shephard (c. 1930–)
- Norman W. Johnson (1930–)
- John Milnor (1931–)
- Roger Penrose (1931–)
- Yuri Manin (1937–) - algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry
- Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) - algebraic geometry
- Ernest Vinberg (1937–)
- J. H. Conway ( 1937–) - sphere packing, recreational geometry
- Robin Hartshorne (1938–) - geometry, algebraic geometry
- Phillip Griffiths (1938–) - algebraic geometry, differential geometry
- Enrico Bombieri (1940–) - algebraic geometry
- Robert Williams (geometer) (1942–)
- Peter McMullen (1942–)
- Richard S. Hamilton (1943–) - differential geometry, Ricci flow, Poincaré conjecture
- Mikhail Gromov (1943–)
- Roger Burrows (1945–) - applied close packing theory in education
- Rudy Rucker (1946–)
- William Thurston (1946–2012)
- Shing-Tung Yau (1949–)
- Michael Freedman (1951–)
- Egon Schulte (1955–) - polytopes
- George W. Hart (1955–) - sculptor
- Károly Bezdek (1955–) - discrete geometry, sphere packing, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
- Simon Donaldson (1957–)
- Grigori Perelman (1966–) - Poincaré conjecture
- Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)
Geometers in art
God as architect of the world, 1220–1230, from Bible moralisée |
Kepler's Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar system from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596) |
The Ancient of Days, 1794, by William Blake, with the compass as a symbol for divine order |
Newton (1795), by William Blake; here, Newton is depicted critically as a "divine geometer".[2] |
References 1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/papyrus/papyrus.html |title=One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid |author=Bill Casselman |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |publisher=University of British Columbia |accessdate=2008-09-26}}
2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/copyinfo.xq?copyid=but306.1| title = Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"| date = September 25, 2013|publisher = William Blake Archive}}
2 : Lists of mathematicians|Geometers |