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词条 List of German football champions
释义

  1. History

  2. Champions

     Early German football championships (1903–32)  German football championships under the Third Reich (1933–45)  German football championships from post-war to the Bundesliga (1946–63)  East German football championships (1950–90)  Bundesliga (since 1963) 

  3. Performances

     Performance by club  Performance by state and regional association 

  4. Undeclared championships

  5. Other national championships

     Workers' and Faith-based Leagues  Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund (1920–1933)  Deutsche Jugendkraft (1921–1932)  Deutsche Turnerschaft (1925–1930)  Kampfgemeinschaft für Rote Sporteinheit (1931–1933) 

  6. Participation of non-German clubs

  7. Trophies

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Bibliography

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}{{Infobox football league
| name = German football championship (Deutsche Fußballmeisterschaft)
| image =
| country = Germany
| state =
| region =
| confed =
| founded = 1903
| folded =
| successor = Bundesliga
(since 1963–64)
| teams = 18
| divisions =
| promotion =
| relegation =
| level = Level 1
| champions = FC Bayern Munich
| season = 2017–18
|most_champs = FC Bayern Munich (28 titles)
| website =
}}

The German football champions are the annual winners of the highest association football competition in Germany. The history of the German football championship is complex and reflects the turbulent history of the country through the course of the 20th century.

Brought to the country by English expatriates, the sport had taken root in the cities of Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, and Leipzig in the 1890s,[1] leading to the growth of city, regional, and academic leagues, each with their own championships. Following the establishment of the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball Bund) in 1900,[2] the first recognized national championship final was hosted by Hamburg club Altona 93 in 1903 in which VfB Leipzig defeated DFC Prag 7–2.[3] Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. Since 1963, the first-place finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion.[4]

Championship play was suspended twice; from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I and again from 1945 to 1947 due to World War II.[4] Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies and two German football competitions emerged when the country was divided as a result. The historical tradition of the DFB was continued in what was known as West Germany, while a second national championship was contested in Soviet-controlled East Germany under the auspices of the DFV (Deutscher Fußball-Verband or German Football Federation).[3] Following the reunification of the country in 1990, the two separate football competitions were merged in 1991 and a single national championship was restored.[3]

Bayern Munich hold the record for the most championships with 28, all but one of these (1932) coming in Bundesliga competition. Dynamo Berlin claimed 10 titles in the former East Germany, winning these championships in consecutive seasons (1979–88).[4]

History

The history of the German football championship is complex and reflects the turbulent history of the country through the course of the 20th century.

Brought to the country by English expatriates, the sport had taken root in the cities of Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, and Leipzig in the 1890s,[5] leading to the growth of city, regional, and academic leagues, each with their own championships. Following the establishment of the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball Bund) in 1900,[2] the first recognized national championship match was hosted by Hamburg club Altona 93 in 1903 in which VfB Leipzig defeated DFC Prag 7–2,[3] and was awarded the Viktoria, the championship trophy from 1903 to 1944.[6] Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. Since 1963, the first-place finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion.[7]

Championship play was suspended twice; from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I and again from 1945 to 1947 due to World War II.[4] Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies and two German football competitions emerged when the country was divided as a result. The historical tradition of the DFB was continued in what was known as West Germany, while a second national championship was contested in Soviet-controlled East Germany under the auspices of the DFV (Deutscher Fußball-Verband or German Football Federation).[3] Following the reunification of the country in 1990, the two separate football competitions were merged and a single national championship was restored.[3]

Bayern Munich hold the record for the most championships with 28, all but one of these (1932) coming in Bundesliga competition. Berliner FC Dynamo claimed 10 titles in the former East Germany, winning these championships in consecutive seasons (1979–88).[4]

Champions

Early German football championships (1903–32)

The new English game of football quickly caught on in late 19th-century Germany, which had previously been a nation of gymnasts. The earliest attempt at organizing some form of national championship came in 1894 when city champions Viktoria 89 Berlin invited FC Hanau 93 to play a challenge match. The Hanauers were unable to afford the cost of the trip and so were unable to take up the invitation.[1] In 2007, the 1894 final was replayed and Viktoria were crowned the official 1894 champions.[8]

After its formation in 1900, the DFB began to establish its authority over the myriad city and regional leagues springing up throughout the country and organized the first officially recognized national championship in 1903.

The prize of German football was the Viktoria, a trophy statue of a seated Roman goddess of victory, donated by the committee that organized German participation in the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris – and originally intended to be shared with teams playing the rugby version of football.[2] The formation of the DFB helped establish for the first time a clear divide between association football and its close cousin.

To qualify for the German championship finals, a club had to win one of the regional championships, which, in some cases, predate the national one. Those were:

  • Southern German football championship – formed in 1898
  • Brandenburg football championship – formed in 1898
  • Central German football championship – formed in 1902
  • Western German football championship – formed in 1903
  • Northern German football championship – formed in 1906
  • South Eastern German football championship – formed in 1906
  • Baltic football championship – formed in 1908

One other regional championships briefly existed:

  • March football championship – existed from 1903 to 1911

From 1925 onwards, the runners-up of those competitions were also qualified for the German championship finals, which had been expanded to sixteen clubs. The two strongest regions, South and West were also allowed to send their third-placed team. This system of regional championships was abolished in 1933 by the Nazis and superseded by the Gauliga system.

Season[9]Champions[9]Score[9]Runners-up[9]Venue
1903VfB Leipzig7–2Deutscher FC PragHamburg
1904
No champions (unresolved protest, final not played per DFB)
Kassel
1905Union 92 Berlin2–0Karlsruher FVKöln
1906VfB Leipzig2–11. FC PforzheimNuremberg
1907Freiburger FC3–1Viktoria BerlinMannheim
1908Viktoria Berlin3–0Stuttgarter KickersBerlin
1909Phönix Karlsruhe4–2Viktoria BerlinBreslau
1910Karlsruher FV1–0 {{aet}}Holstein KielKöln
1911Viktoria Berlin3–1VfB LeipzigDresden
1912Holstein Kiel1–0Karlsruher FVHamburg
1913VfB Leipzig3–1Duisburger SpVMünchen
1914SpVgg Fürth3–2 {{aet}}VfB LeipzigMagdeburg
1915–1919
Suspended – World War I
19201. FC Nürnberg2–0SpVgg FürthFrankfurt
19211. FC Nürnberg5–0Berliner FC Vorwärts 1890Düsseldorf
1922No champions (title declined per DFB)
2–2 {{aet}}
1–1 {{aet}}
Hamburger SV
1. FC Nürnberg		Berlin
Leipzig
1923Hamburger SV3–0Union OberschöneweideBerlin
19241. FC Nürnberg2–0Hamburger SVBerlin
19251. FC Nürnberg1–0 {{aet}}FSV FrankfurtFrankfurt
1926SpVgg Fürth4–1Hertha BSCFrankfurt
19271. FC Nürnberg2–0Hertha BSCBerlin
1928Hamburger SV5–2Hertha BSCHamburg
1929SpVgg Fürth3–2Hertha BSCNuremberg
1930Hertha BSC5–4Holstein KielDüsseldorf
1931Hertha BSC3–2TSV 1860 MunichKöln
1932Bayern Munich2–0Eintracht FrankfurtNuremberg

German football championships under the Third Reich (1933–45)

Under the Nazis, German sports competitions were consolidated for political reasons. Clubs whose leanings were unpalatable to the regime as leftist or faith-based were either banned or their memberships dispersed through forced mergers with other ideologically acceptable clubs.[1]

With the beginning of the 1933–34 season, top-flight German football was reorganized into 16 regional Gauligen with each of these leagues sending their champion to the national playoffs.[4] New Gauligen were created as the Reich expanded its borders, first through the Anschluss with Austria, then through annexation and conquest before and during World War II. This expanded the national championship competition with the addition of regional champions from the new circuits.[4] It also introduced previously foreign clubs into German domestic competition where Viennese Austrian sides made a notable impression. Competition during the war was also characterized by the formation of military-based clubs including the Luftwaffe side LSV Hamburg which appeared in the era's last national championship match at the end of the 1943–44 season.[4] Unlike the United Kingdom, where play was suspended early on, national football competition continued on in Germany in some form through the course of the war. Play finally collapsed as the war drew to its conclusion and no champion was declared in 1944–45.

It was also during this period that a national cup competition was introduced; the Tschammerpokal was named for Reichssportführer (Sports Chief of the Reich) Hans von Tschammer und Osten and is predecessor to the modern-day DFB-Pokal (German Cup). The first cup competition was staged in 1935 and won by 1. FC Nürnberg.[4]

Key
†Champion also won Tschammerpokal
Season[9]Champions[9]Score[9]Runners-up[9]Venue
1933Fortuna Düsseldorf3–0Schalke 04Köln
1934Schalke 042–11. FC NürnbergBerlin
1935Schalke 046–4VfB StuttgartKöln
19361. FC Nürnberg2–1 {{aet}}Fortuna DüsseldorfBerlin
1937Schalke 04 †2–01. FC NürnbergBerlin
1938Hannover 963–3 {{aet}}
4–3 {{aet}}		Schalke 04Berlin
1939Schalke 049–0Admira WienBerlin
1940Schalke 041–0Dresdner SCBerlin
1941Rapid Wien4–3Schalke 04Berlin
1942Schalke 042–0First ViennaBerlin
1943Dresdner SC3–0FV SaarbrückenBerlin
1944Dresdner SC4–0LSV HamburgBerlin
1945
Suspended – World War II

German football championships from post-war to the Bundesliga (1946–63)

In the immediate aftermath of World War II, German football was in complete disarray. Occupying Allied authorities ordered the dissolution of most organizations in the country, including sports and football clubs, as having been compromised under the Nazi regime.[1]

However, many football clubs were soon re-established and new sides formed; play was tentatively resumed. By 1948, a new first division league structure, the Oberligen, was in place in most of the Western zone of occupation. The restored competition maintained the German game's historical practice of play in regional leagues. An exception was in French-occupied Saarland where attempts by France to annex the state were manifested in the formation of a separate, but short-lived, football competition that staged its own championship. Saarland briefly had its own representation under FIFA, forming Olympic and World Cup sides, before re-joining German competition in 1956.[1]

In the Soviet-occupied East zone, a more enduring separation took place that was not mended until the reunification of Germany in 1990. As a result, Eastern-based clubs did not take part in the German national championship under the DFB, vying instead for a different prize. The country's capital city of Berlin was similarly divided and clubs based in West Berlin took part in western-based competition.[1]

The Viktoria disappeared at war's end, although it would eventually reappear and be held in East Germany. A new trophy – the Meisterschale – was introduced in the west in 1949. The first post-war champions were 1. FC Nürnberg (2–1 over 1. FC Kaiserslautern in Köln) who were also, coincidentally, the first champions following World War I.[4]

Over time, the notion of professionalism – long anathema to German sports – made inroads in the country. A consequence of this was that by 1956, a distinct national amateur championship was established, open to teams playing below the Oberliga level in second- and third tier leagues.

Season[9]Champions[9]Score[9]Runners-up[9]Venue
1946–1947
Suspended – Post-war regional play only
19481. FC Nürnberg2–11. FC KaiserslauternKöln
1949VfR Mannheim3–2 {{aet}}Borussia DortmundStuttgart
1950VfB Stuttgart2–1Kickers OffenbachBerlin
19511. FC Kaiserslautern2–1Preußen MünsterBerlin
1952VfB Stuttgart3–21. FC SaarbrückenLudwigshafen
19531. FC Kaiserslautern4–1VfB StuttgartBerlin
1954Hannover 965–11. FC KaiserslauternHamburg
1955Rot-Weiss Essen4–31. FC KaiserslauternHannover
1956Borussia Dortmund4–2Karlsruher SCBerlin
1957Borussia Dortmund4–1Hamburger SVHannover
1958Schalke 043–0Hamburger SVHannover
1959Eintracht Frankfurt5–3 {{aet}}Kickers OffenbachBerlin
1960Hamburger SV3–21. FC KölnFrankfurt
19611. FC Nürnberg3–0Borussia DortmundHannover
19621. FC Köln4–01. FC NürnbergBerlin
1963Borussia Dortmund3–11. FC KölnStuttgart

East German football championships (1950–90)

{{main|List of East German football champions}}

The post-war occupation of Germany by the victorious Allies eventually led to the de facto partition of the country and the emergence of two separate German states, each with its own government and institutions.

Early plans to maintain a national championship to be contested by representatives from the eastern and western halves of the country quickly fell by the wayside in the context of the Cold War. An Ostzone champion was declared in each of the 1946–48 seasons and in 1949 the first division DDR-Oberliga was established under the DFV (Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR) as a distinct national sport governing body. From 1950 through to 1990 an East German football champion was declared, until the eastern competition was reintegrated into the German national competition under the DFB.[1]

In the first recognized East German national championship staged in 1949, ZSG Union Halle defeated SG Fortuna Erfurt 4–1. In 1990, the last East German champion was SG Dynamo Dresden. The following season the DDR-Oberliga (I) was redesignated the Nord-Ostdeutscher Fußball Verband Oberliga and became a third tier regional division within the existing German league structure under the DFB. FC Hansa Rostock captured the title in the transitional 1990–91 season, and alongside runners-up Dynamo Dresden, advanced to play in the Bundesliga, thereby fully integrating former Eastern clubs into a unified German championship.[3]

Bundesliga (since 1963)

The formation of the Bundesliga in 1963 marked a significant change to the German football championship. The historical regional league and national playoff format was abandoned in favour of a single unified national league. Sixteen teams from the five Oberligen in place at the time were invited to be part of the new circuit – which also for the first time formally acknowledged the sport as professional rather than amateur.[1]

The new league adopted a round-robin format in which each team plays every other club once at home and once away. There is no playoff, with the club having the best record at the end of the season claiming the German championship. 1. FC Köln captured the first-ever Bundesliga title in the league's inaugural 1963–64 season. Since then the competition has been dominated by Bayern Munich which has taken the championship in 27 of the 55 Bundesliga seasons played to 2018.

Key
†Double
*Treble
SeasonChampions[9]Runners-up[10]Third Place[11]Top Scorer(s)[12]Goals[12]
1963–641. FC KölnMeidericher SVEintracht FrankfurtUwe|Seeler}}30
1964–65Werder Bremen1. FC KölnBorussia DortmundRudi|Brunnenmeier}}24
1965–66TSV 1860 MunichBorussia DortmundBayern MunichFriedhelm|Konietzka}}26
1966–67Eintracht BraunschweigTSV 1860 MunichBorussia DortmundLothar|Emmerich}}, Gerd Müller28
1967–681. FC NürnbergWerder BremenBorussia MönchengladbachHannes|Löhr}}27
1968–69Bayern Munich †Alemannia AachenBorussia MönchengladbachGerd|Müller}}30
1969–70Borussia MönchengladbachBayern MunichHertha BSCGerd|Müller}}38
1970–71Borussia MönchengladbachBayern MunichHertha BSCLothar|Kobluhn}}24
1971–72Bayern MunichSchalke 04Borussia MönchengladbachGerd|Müller}}40
1972–73Bayern Munich1. FC KölnFortuna DüsseldorfGerd|Müller}}36
1973–74Bayern MunichBorussia MönchengladbachFortuna DüsseldorfJosef|Heynckes|Jupp Heynckes}}, {{sortname|Gerd|Müller}}30
1974–75Borussia MönchengladbachHertha BSCHamburger SVJosef|Heynckes|Jupp Heynckes}}27
1975–76Borussia MönchengladbachHamburger SVBayern MunichKlaus|Fischer}}29
1976–77Borussia MönchengladbachSchalke 04Eintracht BraunschweigDieter|Müller}}34
1977–781. FC Köln †Borussia MönchengladbachHertha BSCDieter|Müller}}, Gerd Müller24
1978–79Hamburger SVVfB Stuttgart1. FC KaiserslauternKlaus|Allofs}}22
1979–80Bayern MunichHamburger SVVfB StuttgartKarl-Heinz|Rummenigge}}26
1980–81Bayern MunichHamburger SVVfB StuttgartKarl-Heinz|Rummenigge}}29
1981–82Hamburger SV1. FC KölnBayern MunichHorst|Hrubesch}}27
1982–83Hamburger SVWerder BremenVfB StuttgartRudi|Völler}}23
1983–84VfB StuttgartHamburger SVBorussia MönchengladbachKarl-Heinz|Rummenigge}}26
1984–85Bayern MunichWerder Bremen1. FC KölnKlaus|Allofs}}26
1985–86Bayern Munich †Werder BremenBayer UerdingenStefan|Kuntz}}22
1986–87Bayern MunichHamburger SVBorussia MönchengladbachUwe|Rahn}}24
1987–88Werder BremenBayern Munich1. FC KölnJürgen|Klinsmann}}19
1988–89Bayern Munich1. FC KölnWerder BremenThomas|Allofs}}, Roland Wohlfarth17
1989–90Bayern Munich1. FC KölnEintracht FrankfurtJørn|Andersen}}18
1990–911. FC KaiserslauternBayern MunichWerder BremenRoland|Wohlfarth}}21
1991–92VfB StuttgartBorussia DortmundEintracht FrankfurtFritz|Walter|Fritz Walter (footballer born 1960)}}22
1992–93Werder BremenBayern MunichEintracht FrankfurtUlf|Kirsten}}, Anthony Yeboah20
1993–94Bayern Munich1. FC KaiserslauternBayer LeverkusenStefan|Kuntz}}, Anthony Yeboah18
1994–95Borussia DortmundWerder BremenFreiburgHeiko|Herrlich}}, Mario Basler20
1995–96Borussia DortmundBayern MunichSchalke 04Fredi|Bobic}}17
1996–97Bayern MunichBayer LeverkusenBorussia DortmundUlf|Kirsten}}22
1997–981. FC KaiserslauternBayern MunichBayer LeverkusenUlf|Kirsten}}22
1998–99Bayern MunichBayer LeverkusenHertha BSCMichael|Preetz}}23
1999–2000Bayern Munich †Bayer LeverkusenHamburger SVMartin|Max}}19
2000–01Bayern MunichSchalke 04Borussia DortmundSergej|Barbarez}}, Ebbe Sand22
2001–02Borussia DortmundBayer LeverkusenBayern MunichMárcio|Amoroso}}, Martin Max18
2002–03Bayern Munich †VfB StuttgartBorussia DortmundGiovane|Élber|Giovane Élber|Elber, Giovane}}, Thomas Christiansen21
2003–04Werder Bremen †Bayern MunichBayer LeverkusenAíltonAilton}28
2004–05Bayern Munich †Schalke 04Werder BremenMarek|Mintál}}24
2005–06Bayern Munich †Werder BremenHamburger SVMiroslav|Klose}}25
2006–07VfB StuttgartSchalke 04Werder BremenTheofanis|Gekas}}20
2007–08Bayern Munich †Werder BremenSchalke 04Luca|Toni}}24
2008–09VfL WolfsburgBayern MunichVfB StuttgartGrafiteGrafite}28
2009–10Bayern Munich †Schalke 04Werder BremenEdin|Džeko}}22
2010–11Borussia DortmundBayer LeverkusenBayern MunichMario|Gómez}}28
2011–12Borussia Dortmund †Bayern MunichSchalke 04Klaas-Jan Huntelaar29
2012–13Bayern Munich *Borussia DortmundBayer LeverkusenStefan Kießling25
2013–14Bayern Munich †Borussia DortmundSchalke 04Robert Lewandowski20
2014–15Bayern MunichVfL WolfsburgBorussia MönchengladbachAlexander Meier19
2015–16Bayern Munich †Borussia DortmundBayer LeverkusenRobert Lewandowski30
2016–17Bayern MunichRB LeipzigBorussia DortmundPierre-Emerick Aubameyang31
2017–18Bayern MunichSchalke 041899 HoffenheimRobert Lewandowski29

Performances

Over the history of the German football championship 29 different clubs have won the title. The most successful club is FC Bayern Munich with 28 titles to its credit, most of those coming in Bundesliga competition. The most successful pre-Bundesliga club is 1. FC Nürnberg who took 8 titles in the era of knockout play amongst regional champions.

Former German champions are recognized through the Verdiente Meistervereine system which permits the display of a star or stars on a club's jersey. This system allows for the recognition of both German and East German titles, although only German titles are listed in the table below.

Clubs in bold currently play in the top division.

Performance by club

ClubWinnersRunners-upWinning seasonsRunners-up seasons
Bayern Munich2810 1931–32, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 1969–70, 1970–71, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1995–95, 1997–98, 2003–04, 2008–09, 2011–12
1. FC Nürnberg931919–20, 1920–21, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1926–27, 1935–36, 1947–48, 1960–61, 1967–68 1933–34, 1936–37, 1961–62
Borussia Dortmund871955–56, 1956–57, 1962–63, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2011–12 1948–49, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1991–92, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16
Schalke 047101933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1941–42, 1957–58 1932–33, 1937–38, 1940–41, 1971–72, 1976–77, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2017–18
Hamburger SV681922–23, 1927–28, 1959–60, 1978–79, 1981–82, 1982–83 1923–24, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1975–76, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1983–84, 1986–87
VfB Stuttgart541949–50, 1951–52, 1983–84, 1991–92, 2006–07 1934–35, 1952–53, 1978–79, 2002–03
Borussia Mönchengladbach521969–70, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77 1973–74, 1977–78
Werder Bremen471964–65, 1987–88, 1992–93, 2003–04 1967–68, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1994–95, 2005–06, 2007–08
1. FC Kaiserslautern441950–51, 1952–53, 1990–91, 1997–98 1947–48, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1993–94
1. FC Köln371961–62, 1963–64, 1977–78 1959–60, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1972–73, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1989–90
Lokomotive Leipzig321902–03, 1905–06, 1912–13 1910–11, 1913–14
Greuther Fürth311913–14, 1925–26, 1928–29 1919–20
Hertha BSC251929–30, 1930–31 1925–26, 1926–27, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1974–75
Viktoria 89 Berlin221907–08, 1910–11 1906–07, 1908–09
Dresdner SC211942–43, 1943–44 1939–40
Hannover 962—1937–38, 1953–54
Karlsruher FV121909–10 1904–05, 1911–12
Holstein Kiel121911–12 1909–10, 1929–30
1860 Munich121965–66 1930–31, 1966–67
SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin111904–05 1920–21
Karlsruher SC111908–091955–56
Fortuna Düsseldorf111932–33 1935–36
Eintracht Frankfurt111958–59 1931–32
VfL Wolfsburg112008–09 2014–15
Freiburger FC1—1906–07
Rapid Wien1—1940–41
VfR Mannheim1—1948–49
Rot-Weiss Essen1—1954–55
Eintracht Braunschweig1—1966–67
Bayer Leverkusen—5 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2010–11
1. FC Saarbrücken—2 1942–43, 1951–52
Kickers Offenbach—2 1949–50, 1958–59
Deutscher FC Prag—1 1902–03
1. FC Pforzheim—1 1905–06
Stuttgarter Kickers—1 1907–08
Duisburger SpV—1 1912–13
Union Oberschöneweide—1 1922–23
FSV Frankfurt—1 1924–25
Admira Wien—1 1938–39
First Vienna—1 1941–42
LSV Hamburg—1 1943–44
Preußen Münster—1 1950–51
Meidericher SV—1 1963–64
Alemannia Aachen—1 1968–69
RB Leipzig—1 2016–17

Notes:

  • A. {{note|1904}} VfB Leipzig would have faced Berliner TuFC, but no final was held.
  • B. {{note label|WWI|B|a}}{{note label|WWI|B|b}}{{note label|WWI|B|c}}{{note label|WWI|B|d}}{{note label|WWI|B|e}} The German football championship was not held from 1915 to 1919 due to the First World War.
  • C. {{note|1922}} The 1922 final between Hamburger SV and 1. FC Nürnberg ended 2–2. The match was called due to darkness after 189 minutes of play. The replay ended 1–1 when the referee called off the game while in extra time due to Nuremberg having just seven players remaining in the game. Hamburg was awarded the championship but later declined.
  • D. {{note label|WWII|D|a}}{{note label|WWII|D|b}}{{note label|WWII|D|c}} The German football championship was not held from 1945 to 1947 due to the Second World War and its aftermath.
  • E. {{note label|Leipzig|E|}} VfB Leipzig are now known as Lokomotive Leipzig.
  • F. {{note label|Vienna|F|}} Vienna was part of Germany when Rapid Wien won the championship in 1941.

Performance by state and regional association

As of 2017 German football champions have come from 11 of the 16 German states. The most successful state is Bavaria with 41 championships. Bavaria is also home to the two individually most successful clubs, Bayern Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg. North-Rhine Westphalia follows with 25 championships. The state is home to the third and fourth most successful clubs, Borussia Dortmund and Schalke 04. No club from the Saarland, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has yet won the championship.

In most cases the regional associations of the DFB align with state borders in Germany. However, the DFB has two regional associations in Rhineland-Palatinate, and three each in North-Rhine Westphalia and Baden-Württemberg. For the champions of these states the regional associations are mentioned as well. From 1938–45 Austria was part of Germany, and Austrian clubs were thus allowed to compete in the German football championship. Rapid Wien won one championship in that period.

StateWinnersClub(s)
Bavaria41Bayern Munich (28), 1. FC Nürnberg (9), Greuther Fürth (3), 1860 Munich (1)
North Rhine-Westphalia25Westphalia (15): Borussia Dortmund (8), Schalke 04 (7)
Lower Rhine (7): Borussia Mönchengladbach (5), Fortuna Düsseldorf (1), Rot-Weiß Essen (1)
Middle Rhine (3): 1. FC Köln (3)
Baden-Württemberg9Württemberg (5): VfB Stuttgart (5)
Baden (3): Karlsruher FV (1), Karlsruher SC (1), VfR Mannheim (1)
South Baden (1): Freiburger FC (1)
Hamburg6Hamburger SV (6)
Saxony5Lokomotive Leipzig (3), Dresdner SC (2)
Berlin5Hertha BSC (2), Viktoria 89 Berlin (2), SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin (1)
Bremen4Werder Bremen (4)
Rhineland-Palatinate4South-Western Germany (4): 1. FC Kaiserslautern (4)
Lower Saxony4Hannover 96 (2), VfL Wolfsburg (1), Eintracht Braunschweig (1)
Schleswig-Holstein1Holstein Kiel (1)
Hesse1Eintracht Frankfurt (1)
Other1Austria (1): Rapid Wien (1)

Undeclared championships

In over a century of German football competition, champions were not declared in several seasons for various reasons. No champion was declared in 1904 due to the DFB's inability to resolve a protest filed by Karlsruher FV over their 1–6 semi-final loss to Britannia Berlin to determine which of these sides would face defending champion Leipzig in that year's final. Karlsruhe's protest was over the failure to play the match at neutral venue.

The national championship was suspended in October 1915 due to World War I. Limited play continued on a regional basis in many parts of the country, while competition was abandoned in other areas. Several regional leagues continued to declare champions or cup winners. The national championship was reinstated with the 1919–20 season that was concluded with a 2–0 victory by 1. FC Nürnberg over SpVgg Fürth in Frankfurt.[3]

The 1922 final was contested by 1. FC Nürnberg and Hamburger SV, but never reached a conclusion on the pitch. The match was called on account of darkness after three hours and ten minutes of play, drawn at 2–2. The re-match also went into extra time, and in an era that did not allow for substitutions, the game was called at 1–1 when Nürnberg was reduced to just seven players and the referee ruled they could not continue. Considerable wrangling ensued over the decision. The DFB awarded the win to Hamburg under the condition that they renounce the title in the name of "good sportsmanship" – which they grudgingly did. Ultimately, the championship trophy was not officially presented that year.[13]

Competition for the national title was maintained through most of World War II and was supported by the regime for morale. Play became increasingly difficult as the war drew to its conclusion due to manpower shortages, bombed-out stadiums, and the hardship and expense of travel. In the era's final championship match Dresdner SC beat the military club LSV Hamburg 4–0 on 18 June 1944 in Berlin's Olympiastadion. The 1944–45 season kicked off ahead of schedule in November; however, by March 1945 play had collapsed throughout Germany as Allied armies overran the country.[1] Play was tentatively resumed in various parts of the now-occupied country in early 1946 and the postwar Oberliga structure began to take shape in the 1946–47 season; no national champion was declared from 1945 to 1947. In 1947–48, qualification play took place to determine Westzonen (Western occupation zones) and Ostzone (Eastern occupation zone) representatives to meet in a national final that never took place. 1. FC Nürnberg is recognized as the first postwar German national champion for its 2–1 victory over 1. FC Köln in the Westzonen final staged on 8 August 1948 in Mannheim.[4] In the Ostzone, SG Planitz beat SG Freiimfelde Halle 1–0 on 4 July 1948 in Leipzig to qualify for the scheduled national final, but were denied a permit to travel to play the match by Soviet authorities.[1]

Other national championships

Workers' and Faith-based Leagues

In the aftermath of World War I, several lesser national football competitions emerged as outgrowths of the tumultuous German political situation. These included the left-leaning workers' ATSB (Arbeiter-Turn- und Sport-Bund), the Catholic-sponsored DJK (Deutschen Jugendkraft), the Protestant-backed DT (Deutsche Turnerschaft), and the Communist KG (Kampfgemeinschaft für Rote Sporteinheit). Through the 1920s and 1930s, each of these leagues staged their own national championships or fielded national sides. Because of the ideologies they represented, they were considered politically unpalatable by the regime and disappeared in the 1933 reorganization of German football under the Third Reich that consolidated competition in state-sanctioned leagues.[3] These clubs were forced into mergers with other mainstream sides or saw their assets seized by the state.

Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund (1920–1933)

Key
*Match was replayed after a protest
YearChampionsScoreRunners-upVenue
1920Tuspo Fürth3–2TuS Süden ForstLeipzig
1921VfL Leipzig-Stötteritz3–0Nordiska BerlinDresden
1922VfL Leipzig-Stötteritz4–1BV 06 CasselBerlin
1923VfL Leipzig-Stötteritz(1–0) 3–2 *Alemannia 22 BerlinDresden
1924Dresdner SV 106–1SV Stern BreslauDresden
1925Dresdner SV 107–0SV Stralau 10Dresden
1926Dresdner SV 105–1TuS Süden ForstDresden
1927Dresdner SV 104–1TuS Nürnberg-WestDresden
1928Pankower 08 Adler5–4ASV Westend FrankfurtBerlin
1929Lorbeer 06 Hamburg5–4FT DöbernHamburg
1930TuS 1930 Nürnberg-Ost6–1Bahrenfelder SV 19Nuremberg
1931Lorbeer 06 Hamburg4–2SpVgg 12 PegauHamburg
1932TuS Nürnberg-Ost4–193 FT CottbusNuremberg
1933
ATSB dissolved by Nazis in May 1933.

Deutsche Jugendkraft (1921–1932)

YearChampionsScoreRunners-upVenue
1921DJK Katernberg3–2 (a.e.t.)DJK LudwigshafenDüsseldorf
1924DJK Katernberg4–2DJK Bürgel SpartaFrankfurt am Main
1927Sparta DJK Nürnberg6–1DJK TuS 08 Homberg-HochheideKöln
1932Sparta DJK Nürnberg5–2DJK Adler FrintropDortmund

Deutsche Turnerschaft (1925–1930)

YearChampionsScoreRunners-upVenue
1925MTV Fürth5–0MTV KielHamburg
1926MTV Fürth3–2Rotherburgsorter TVUlm
1927TV 1861 Forst6–0TV 1846 MannheimDresden
1928Harburger TB1–0ATV Leipzig-PaunsdorfKöln
1929TV Mannheim 462–0ATG GeraGera
1930Kruppsche TG Essen5–4MTV WilhelmsburgLeipzig

Following the 1930 season, most DT teams became part of the mainstream DFB.

Kampfgemeinschaft für Rote Sporteinheit (1931–1933)

YearChampionsScoreRunners-upVenue
1931Dresdner SV 103–2Sparta 11 Berlin—
1932Dresdner SV 103–2Sparta 11 Berlin—
1933
KG dissolved by Nazis in February 1933.

Participation of non-German clubs

German championships have included clubs from countries other than Germany.[4] DFC Prag, vice-champions in the first national final and a founding member of the DFB, was an ethnically-German club from Bohemia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (today part of the Czech Republic) which did not at the time have its own national football federation.

Following the Anschluss, which united Germany and Austria within the Third Reich in 1938, Austrian clubs became part of German competition; Admira Wien made a losing appearance in the German national final in 1939, Rapid Wien captured the championship in 1941, and First Vienna also lost in 1942. In each case their opposition was Schalke 04. Throughout the course of World War II, clubs in German-occupied territories were made part of German competition in the Gauligen and took part in the regional qualifying rounds of the national championship, but without the same success as Austrian sides.

Trophies

Two trophies have been used for the official German and, during the era of the divided Germany, West German champions. The pre-Second World War trophy, the Viktoria, was awarded from 1903 to 1944, making Saxonian clubs VfB Leipzig the first and Dresdner SC the last club to receive it. The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war and would not resurface until after the German reunification. A new trophy, the Meisterschale, was commissioned after the war but was not ready for the first post-war champions in 1948. Instead it was first awarded to VfR Mannheim in 1949. While the original trophy has only the champions from 1903 to 1944 engraved the new one list all the German champions since 1903 and had to be enlarged on occasion.[6][14]

See also

  • List of East German football champions
  • Southern German football championship
  • List of German women's football champions
  • List of Bundesliga top scorers

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Tor.html?id=rQfNyLM5svIC |last=Hesse-Lichtenberger |first=Ulrich |date=2003 |title=Tor! The Story of German Football |publisher=WSC Books Limited |isbn=0-9540134-5-X |ref=harv |accessdate=14 August 2013}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500154|title=Die DFB-Geschichte|publisher=DFB|language=German|accessdate=10 January 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227014438/http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500154|archivedate=27 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grüne, Hardy (2003) 100 Jahre Deutsche Meisterschaft. Die Geschicte des Fußballs in Deutschland. {{ISBN|3-89533-410-3}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Grüne, Hardy (1996). Vom Kronprinzen bis zur Bundesliga. Kassel: AGON Sportverlag {{ISBN|3-928562-85-1}}
5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Tor.html?id=rQfNyLM5svIC |last=Hesse-Lichtenberger |first=Ulrich |date=2003 |title=Tor! The Story of German Football |publisher=WSC Books Limited |isbn=0-9540134-5-X |ref=harv |accessdate=14 August 2013}}
6. ^1 {{cite web | url = https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=1000660 | title = Die "Viktoria" | language = de | website = DFB | date = 11 February 2014 | access-date = 28 December 2015}}
7. ^Grüne, Hardy (1996). Vom Kronprinzen bis zur Bundesliga. Kassel: AGON Sportverlag {{ISBN|3-928562-85-1}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Soccer-Viktoria Berlin win 1894 German final – 113 years late|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/07/28/soccer-germany-title-idUKL2819748620070728|accessdate=2 October 2014|work=Reuters|date=28 July 2007}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesd/duitchamp.html |title= (West) Germany – List of Champions |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=31 July 2008 |accessdate=4 January 2009 }}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/UK_WORLDFOOTBALL/idUKL0367631020080504 |title=Bundesliga champions since 1963 |work=Reuters |date=4 May 2008 |accessdate=4 January 2009 }}
11. ^{{harvnb|Hesse-Lichtenberger|2003|p=293}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesd/duittops.html#seas |title=(West) Germany -Top Scorers |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=7 November 2008 |accessdate=4 January 2009 }}
13. ^{{Cite web | url = http://www.11freunde.de/geschichtsstunde/109198 | title = Geschichtsstunde – Kameraden fürs Leben | author = Andreas Bock | publisher = 11freunde.de | date = 8 March 2008 | accessdate = 5 January 2009 | language = German}}
14. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.dfb.de/historie/trophaeen/meisterschale/ | title = Meisterschale | language = de | website = DFB | date = 29 September 2014 | access-date = 29 December 2015}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |first=Wladimir |last=Andreff |author2=Stefan Szymanski |title=Handbook on the Economics of Sport |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=1-84376-608-6 }}
  • {{cite book|first=Ulrich |last=Hesse-Lichtenberger |title=Tor! The Story of German Football |publisher=WSC Books Limited |year=2003 |isbn=0-9540134-5-X }}
{{UEFA national champions}}{{Football in Germany}}{{German football championship}}{{Bundesliga}}

3 : Football competitions in Germany|National association football champions|German football championship
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