| 词条 | Nathan Marcuvitz |
| 释义 |
| name = Nathan Marcuvitz[1] | image = Nathan_Marcuvitz.jpg | image_size = 222px | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|12|29}} | birth_place = Brooklyn, New York | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|2|14|1913|12|29}} | death_place = Naples, Florida | residence = United States | citizenship = U.S. | nationality = American | field = Electrical engineering, Applied Physics | work_institution = | alma_mater = Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn | doctoral_advisor = | awards = IEEE Heinrich Hertz Medal (1989) }}Nathan Marcuvitz (born December 29, 1913 in Brooklyn, New York, d. February 14, 2010 in Naples, FL), was an American electrical engineer, physicist, and educator who worked in the fields of microwave and electromagnetic theory. He was head of the experimental group of the Radiation Laboratory (MIT).[2] He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering.[1] He had a PhD in electrical engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.[3] Biography"Dr. Nathan Marcuvitz stands out clearly as the leading figure in the field of electromagnetic waves for the period of at least two decades following World War II. He was widely viewed by his colleagues as the premier electromagnetics scholar of his generation."[4] Electromagnetic waves achieved practical fruition in the development of microwave technology and the creation of the microwave industry, with applications to radar, communications, electronic warfare, industrial and consumer electronics, and so on. Rapid progress in the development of the microwave field was made possible by the availability of accurate network descriptions of the various complicated structures employed in microwave systems. The central figure in this crucial period of the development of such network descriptions was Dr. Nathan Marcuvitz. The crucial period in the development of the microwave field occurred during World War II, when the magnetron furnished a reliable source of electromagnetic waves and made radar feasible, but progress was initially slow because designs had employed empirical and cut-and-try procedures. What was needed were quantitative methods for characterizing the geometric structures involved and phrasing those methods in network terms. Marcuvitz headed the experimental group at the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory, which was responsible for developing an accurate measurement set-up and a new measurement procedure for determining with great precision the network parameters of geometric discontinuities. He also worked closely with the physicists and mathematicians responsible for the theoretical part of the systematic program, and showed them how to cast their solutions in engineering terms. As a result, the theoretical analyses were phrased in the network terms required for design, and the analytical results were compared with measurements under Marcuvitz' direction. Since Marcuvitz played the key role in coordinating the theoretical and experimental phases, he was asked to be the author of the Waveguide Handbook (1951), which became vol. 10 of the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory Series. Dr. Marcuvitz is best known as an extremely able microwave field theorist, rather than an experimentalist. This transition from experimentalist to theorist was made easier because of his close association with Julian Schwinger, who some years later received a Nobel Prize for work on quantum electrodynamics. Soon after his arrival in Cambridge, MA, Marcuvitz, together with Robert Marshak, who later became President of the City College of New York, rented a house near Harvard Square. Some of the rooms were rented to others who worked at the Radiation Laboratory, and Schwinger was one of those people. This arrangement lasted for only a year, but Marcuvitz and Schwinger became good friends. It was well known that Schwinger worked during the night and slept all day. Marcuvitz would wake him up at 7:30 P.M., and they would go to dinner. After that they would often discuss their research problems until midnight, after which Marcuvitz would go home to bed and Schwinger would begin his work. "The key coordinating role played by Marcuvitz culminated in his classic book that he called the Waveguide Handbook, which had enormous impact on the newly developing microwave field. The Waveguide Handbook is the most important and most widely used single book in the history of the microwave field. The book not only contained the largest collection of theoretical expressions for waveguide discontinuities available anywhere, and in this respect it is still unsurpassed, but in its first three chapters, before any results for specific structures are presented, it describes, in a masterful summary, how these waveguide discontinuities can be represented rigorously in network form, how they can be measured accurately, and how they can be analyzed theoretically. This compendium volume would have been an important basic contribution at any time, but it emerged at a crucial time in the unfolding of the microwave field, and it therefore exerted a monumental impact on the field with respect to both theoretical understanding and practical design capabilities."[4] Dr. Marcuvitz has also made many other significant contributions to electromagnetic waves. These include an explanation of the nature of leaky waves and how to calculate them, a new derivation for small aperture and small obstacle expressions, radial and spherical transmission line theories, new results for propagation through periodic structures, and so on. Some of these studies have been compiled into a comprehensive book, Radiation and Scattering of Waves (1973), coauthored with his former student, L. B. Felsen. Most of the research projects were conducted under the aegis of the Microwave Research Institute (MRI). This institute became widely regarded internationally as the foremost research organization in the world in microwave field theory. For many years, it attracted post-doctoral researchers from around the world to spend a year or more, coming from such countries as Japan, France, U.S.S.R., Israel, Italy, England, Denmark, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, and Finland. Many of those researchers have since become famous in their own right. MRI was also well known for its series of annual symposia on topics in the forefront of the electronics field, and for the symposium proceedings volumes, 24 in all, that accompanied them. Not only did MRI produce much important research in microwave field theory, but it also trained a whole generation of microwave engineers. The journal, MicroWaves, in an interview with many microwave engineers in 1968, asked them various questions, including from what school they received their microwave education. One of the article's conclusions was that more microwave engineers graduated from Brooklyn Polytechnic than from any other school, and that the second was M.I.T., with only half as many microwave graduates. Published worksWaveguide Handbook, Vol. 10, 1951, Radiation and Scattering of Waves, 1973 (with L. Felsen) Also numerous papers and articles. Selected honors and awardsMember, National Academy of Engineering, 1978 IEEE Fellow, Heinrich Hertz Medal (Gold Medal and Monetary Award, IEEE highest recognition for electromagnetic waves), (He was the first recipient, 1989) Microwave Career Award from the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society in 1985[5] FamilySon of Samuel and Rebecca M.(Feiner); Married Muriel Spanier, June 30, 1946; children – Andrew, Karen (Levy). See also
References1. ^1 Dr. Nathan Marcuvitz was elected in 1978 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Special Fields & Interdisciplinary 2. ^{{Cite web | url=http://ethw.org/Nathan_Marcuvitz | title=Nathan Marcuvitz - Engineering and Technology History Wiki}} 3. ^{{Cite web | url=http://catalog.poly.edu/preview_entity.php?catoid=4&ent_oid=200&returnto=230 | title=Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Polytechnic Institute of New York University - Acalog ACMS™}} 4. ^1 ©2010 IEEE. Portions reprinted, with permission, from A. Oliner, "Transitions. Dr. Nathan Marcuvitz", IEEE Microwave Magazine, Dec. 2010, pg. 120, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=05590341. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mtt.org/past-awardees-microwave-career-award.html |title=Past Awardees: Microwave Career Award |publisher=IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society |accessdate=November 22, 2011}}
6 : 1913 births|2010 deaths|American engineers|Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni|Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty |
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