“National Center for Constitutional Studies”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The National Center for Constitutional Studies (NCCS) is a conservative, religious-themed organization, founded by Latter-day Saint political writer W. Cleon Skousen. It was formerly known as The Freemen Institute.

According to the NCCS, the founding of the United States was a divine miracle. As such, the NCCS worldview and program are based on two major pillars: (1) understanding the divine guidance that has allowed the United States to thrive and (2) rejecting what it views as the sometimes tyrannical or sinful deviations of the modern U.S. federal government from that divine mold.{{citation needed|reason=Reference needed for both ”pillars”.|date=January 2019}}

History

The center had its origins when in 1967 Skousen, a professor at Brigham Young University, organized an off-campus institute for constitutional studies. In 1971, this was formerly christened as The Freemen Institute. It was later given its current name and its headquarters moved to Washington, D.C.^[1]

The center ran conferences in the 1980s and 1990s through a non-profit it controlled called "The Making of America Conferences, Inc." Board members of this non-profit included Skousen, William H. Doughty, Donald N. Sills, and Glenn Kimber. Impeached Arizona governor Evan Mecham was also a regular donor to the center.^[2]

In the early 1990s, an effort to build a conservative community in Southern Utah to house the center collapsed amid the developer's unfulfilled promises.

Leadership

The Making of America controversy

In 1987, controversy erupted in California over the NCCS-published textbook The Making of America by W. Cleon Skousen. The book quoted a 1934 essay on slavery by Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Fred Albert Shannon that described black children as "pickaninnies"; another section stated that life for white Southerners was "a nightmare" due to "the constant fear of slave rebellion", and claimed that white slave owners were "the worst victims of slavery".^[4] The state's bicentennial commission had approved the sale of the book as a fundraising device to coincide with the 200th anniversary of the United States Constitution.

Allies and popularity

A 2011 report by the Southern Poverty Law Center said that the NCCS had found a number of new organizational allies among "constitutionalist" groups such as the John Birch Society, the Eagle Forum, and the Oath Keepers.^[6] Additionally, in the media, the NCCS "found a powerful voice in the form of Glenn Beck, who is a Mormon himself and used his Fox News platform to advocate for NCCS books and ideas. Through Beck's sustained and energetic advocacy, once-forgotten NCCS tracts... such as The 5,000 Year Leap have become unlikely bestsellers... Since the rise of the Tea Party Movement, the all-volunteer NCCS has experienced exploding interest from Tea Party-affiliated groups such as the 9.12 Project and the Tea Party Patriots. On any given Saturday, several of nearly twenty "Making of America" NCCS lecturers are giving seminars" across the United States.^[6]

At a 2010 seminar presented by the NCCS, participants were told that the Constitution came directly from a governmental system adopted by Moses and much later by the legendary Anglo-Saxon brothers Hengist and Horsa and then copied by Thomas Jefferson. Among other things specific to the amendments of the Constitution they were told that by giving women the vote the 19th Amendment violated states' rights.^[7]

Publications

References

1. ^{{cite book |last1=Aho |first1=James Alfred |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=1995 |month= |origyear= |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle |isbn=0-295-97494-X |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=118 |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1=Watkins |first1=Ronald J. |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=High Crimes and Misdemeanors: The Term and Trials of Former Governor Evan Mecham |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=1990 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Morrow |location=New York |isbn=0-688-09051-6 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=97 |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}
3. ^NCCS web site
4. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/16/us/bicentennial-panel-in-california-assailed-over-racist-textbook.html|title=BICENTENNIAL PANEL IN CALIFORNIA ASSAILED OVER 'RACIST' TEXTBOOK|accessdate=August 12, 2009 | work=The New York Times | first=Katherine | last=Bishop | date=1987-02-16}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-02-07/news/mn-1727_1|title=Probe Ordered in State Panel's Sale of 'Racist' Book|accessdate=August 12, 2009 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Carl | last=Ingram | date=1987-02-07}}
6. ^¹Fringe Mormon Group Makes Myths with Glenn Beck’s Help by Alexander Zaitchik, Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report, Spring 2011, Issue Number: 141
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Epps|first1=Garrett|title=All Patriots 'Know' That Moses Wrote the Constitution|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/10/all-patriots-know-that-moses-wrote-the-constitution/65353/|accessdate=14 May 2017|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly|date=29 October 2010}}

History

Leadership

The Making of America controversy

Allies and popularity

Publications

References

External links