| 释义 |
- References
Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or indicator fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, Zone fossil is used when the fossil have all the characters stated above except wide geographical distribution, they are limited to a zone and can't be used for correlations of stratas. [1]| Fossil | Scientific Name | Time Period | Million Years Ago |
Calico Scallop |
Argopecten gibbus | Quaternary Period | 1.8}} | | Neptunea tabulata | Quaternary Period | 1.8}} | | Viviparus glacialis | Tiglian (Early Pleistocene) | 2.3-1.8}} | | Calyptraphorus velatus | Tertiary Period | | Venericardia planicosta | Eocene |
Scaphites | Scaphites hippocrepis | Cretaceous Period | Cretaceous|{{period end|Cretaceous}}}} |
Inoceramus | Inoceramus labiatus | Cretaceous Period |
Perisphinctes | Perisphinctes tiziani | Jurassic Period | 201.3 to 145 million years ago | | Nerinea trinodosa | Jurassic Period | | Tropites subbullatus | Triassic Period | 145 to xxx million years ago | | Monotis subcircularis | Triassic Period |
Leptodus | Leptodus americanus | Permian Period | xxx to xxx million years ago | | Parafusulina | Parafusulina bosei | Permian Period | | Dictyoclostus americanus | Pennsylvanian Period | xxx to xxx million years ago | | Lophophyllidium proliferum | Pennsylvanian Period | | Cactocrinus multibrachiatus | Mississippian Period | xxx to 416 million years ago | | Prolecanites gurleyi | Mississippian Period |
Mucrospirifer | Mucrospirifer mucronatus | Devonian Period | 416|359}} | | Palmatolepis unicornis | Devonian Period | | Silurian Period | 359 to xxx million years ago | |
| Tetragraptus fructicosus | Ordovician Period | xxx to 509 million years ago | | Paradoxides | Cambrian Period | 509|500}} | | Billingselia corrugata | Cambrian Period | | Archaocyathids | Lower Cambrian | 529|509}} |
{{Paleontology}} References {{Wikibooks|Historical Geology|Index fossils}}1. ^Index Fossils, from the US Geological Survey. Updated July 31, 1997.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Index Fossil}}מאובן#מאובן מנחה 3 : Paleontological concepts and hypotheses|Geological history of Earth|Index fossils |