National Penitentiary Institute may refer to:

• Federal Penitentiary Service of Argentina (Servicio Penitenciario Federal, SPF)
• National Penitentiary Institute of Peru (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario, INPE)
• National Penitentiary and Prison Institute of Colombia (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, INPEC)
• For other prison systems, see Category: Prison and correctional agencies

• Desert Cathedral
• Desert Cathedral (film)
• Desert cat snake
• Desert cave gecko
• Desert checkered skipper
• Desert chequered skipper
• Desert Chequered Skipper
• Desert-chicory
• Desert Christmas cholla
• Desert christmas tree
• Desert Christmas tree
• Desert chub
• Desert cloudywing
• Desert combleaf
• Desert Command
• Desert Companion
• Desert corn flea beetle
• Desert-dandelion andrena
• Desert de les Palmes
• Desert de les Palmes Natural Park
• Desert de les Palmes Nature Preserve
• Desert de les Palmes Nature Reserve
• Desert delma
• Desert Desert
• Desert Diamond Casino (Tucson)