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词条 National sport
释义

  1. De jure national sports

  2. De facto national sports

  3. See also

  4. References

A national sport is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation. Some sports are de facto (not established by law) national sports, as baseball is in the United States and Gaelic games are in the Ireland, while others are de jure (established by law) national sports, as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada. These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed, which would be either association football or cricket in all but a few countries are widely considered to be important to the significant for its culture.

De jure national sports

Sport declared as national sport by a law

CountrySportYear defined as
national sport
Argentina}}Pato1953[1]
Bahamas}}Cricket1973[2]
Bangladesh}}Kabaddi1972[3]
Bhutan}}Archery1971[4]
Brazil}}Capoeira1972[5]
Canada}}Lacrosse (summer), Ice hockey (winter)1994[6]
Chile}}Rodeo1962[7]
Colombia}}Tejo2000[8]
Iran}}Varzesh-e Bastani, Wrestling, Polo1976[9]
Mexico}}Charrería1933[10]
Namibia}}Football, Netball, Rugby2018[11]
Nepal}}Volleyball2017[12]
Philippines}}Arnis2009[13]
Puerto Rico}}Paso Fino ("autochthonous sport")1966[14]
South Korea}}Taekwondo2018[15]
Sri Lanka}}Volleyball1991[16]
Uruguay}}Destrezas Criollas
(Creole [i.e. gaucho] Skills[17])		2006[18]

De facto national sports

CountrySport
Afghanistan}}Buzkashi[19]
Anguilla}} Boat racing[20]
Antigua and Barbuda}} Cricket[21]
Austria}} Alpine skiing [22]
Bermuda}} Cricket[23]
Basque Country}}Basque pelota[24]
Barbados}}Cricket[25]
Cuba}}Baseball[26][27][28]
Denmark}}Association football,[29] Handball[30]
Dominican Republic}}Baseball[31]
Estonia}}Basketball (summer), Ice Hockey (winter)[32]
Finland}}Pesäpallo[33]
Georgia}}Rugby union[34]
Grenada}} Cricket[35]
Guyana}} Cricket[36][37]
Haiti}}Association football[38]
Iceland}}Glíma
Indonesia}}Pencak Silat[39]
Israel}} Association football[40]
Ireland}}Gaelic games[41][42][43]
Jamaica}} Cricket[44]
Japan}} Sumo[45]
Lithuania}}Basketball[46][47]
Madagascar}}Rugby union[48][49]
Malaysia}}Sepak takraw[50][51]
Mauritius}}Association football[52]
Mongolia}}Archery, Mongolian wrestling, Horse racing[53][54]
New Zealand}}Rugby Union[55]
Norway}}Cross-country skiing (winter)[56][57]
Pakistan}}Field Hockey[58][59]
Papua New Guinea}}Rugby league[60][61]
Peru}}Paleta Frontón[62]
Philippines}}Sipa[63]
Romania}} Oina[64]
Russia}}Bandy[65]
Scotland}}Golf[66]
Slovenia}}Alpine skiing,[67][67]
Spain}}Bullfighting,[68]
Tajikistan}}Gushtigiri[69]
Turkey}}Oil wrestling[70] & Cirit[71]
Turks and Caicos Islands}}Cricket[72]
United States}}Baseball[73][74][75]
Venezuela}}[76][77]{{full citation needed>date=October 2018}}
Vietnam}}[78]{{full citation needed>date=October 2018}}
Wales}}Rugby union[79]

See also

  • List of sports
  • List of martial arts by regional origin

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pato.org.ar/es/el-deporte/decreto-n-17-468/|title=Argentina Decree Nº 17468 of 16 September 1953|publisher=Federación Argentina de Pato|accessdate=16 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111004357/http://www.pato.org.ar/es/el-deporte/decreto-n-17-468/|archivedate=11 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People |isbn=978-0-8203-2284-1 |page=471 |year=1998 |first=Michael |last=Craton |author2=Gail Saunders |publisher=University of Georgia Press }}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Faroqi |first=Gofran |year=2012 |chapter=Kabadi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kabadi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |quote=Ha-du-du was given the name kabadi and the status of National Game in 1972.}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Bisht |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-8324-265-0 |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWblUfYqGK4C |accessdate=2011-09-20}}
5. ^{{cite book|isbn=978-0-226-47683-4 |page=61 |first=John |last=Lowell |title=Ring of Liberation: Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira |year=1992 |publisher=University of Chicago Press }}
6. ^National Sports of Canada Act S.C. 1994, c. 16, Justice Laws Website, National Government of Canada
7. ^{{cite journal |url=http://revistaurbanismo.uchile.cl/CDA/urb_completa/0,1313,ISID%253D728%2526IDG%253D1%2526ACT%253D1%2526PRT%253D20871,00.html |title=La Medialuna: un edificio para Chile |language=Spanish |first=Alberto |last=Moreira Recchione |accessdate=14 July 2008 |quote=A reconocerse, en 1962, el rodeo como deporte nacional y oficial [10 de enero de 1962, oficio N°269 del Consejo Nacional de Deportes y Comité Olímpico de Chile] |journal=Revista de Urbanismo |issue=17 |date=December 2007 |issn=0717-5051 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213034956/http://revistaurbanismo.uchile.cl/CDA/urb_completa/0,1313,ISID%253D728%2526IDG%253D1%2526ACT%253D1%2526PRT%253D20871,00.html |archivedate=13 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=73716 |title=Colombia Law 613 of 4 September 2000 |publisher=Global Legal Information Network |accessdate=14 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213030951/http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=73716 |archivedate=13 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
9. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.iawf.ir/default.aspx | title=فدراسیون کشتی}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=La Charrería "Nuestro Deporte Nacional" |url=http://www.sectur.gob.mx/wb2/sectur/sect_Celebracion_del_Dia_Mundial_del_Turismo |accessdate=14 July 2008 |publisher=Mexican Department of Tourism |language=Spanish |quote=El año de 1933 fue muy importante, ya que el general Abelardo L. Rodríguez, emite un decreto presidencial, dando a la Charrería el título de único Deporte Nacional. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208160200/http://www.sectur.gob.mx/wb2/sectur/sect_Celebracion_del_Dia_Mundial_del_Turismo |archivedate=8 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
11. ^Cabinet approves categorisation of sports codes. Namibia Press Agency, 2. August 2018.
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/2017/05/23/400702|title=It’s official: Volleyball is the national sport of Nepal|last=|first=|date=May 23, 2017|work=OnlineKhabar|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523093611/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/2017/05/23/400702|archive-date=2017-05-23|dead-url=yes|quote=The government on Monday decided to recognize volleyball as the national sport of Nepal.}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.filipiniana.net/ArtifactView.do?artifactID=L20100000001&query=null&page=1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120730070655/http://www.filipiniana.net/ArtifactView.do?artifactID=L20100000001&query=null&page=1 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=30 July 2012 |title=Republic Act No. 9850: An Act declaring Arnis as the national martial art and sport of the Philippines |accessdate=26 June 2010 }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oslpr.org/download/en/2000/0064.pdf |title=Puerto Rico Act 64 of 2000, S.B. 1856 |publisher=Office of Legislative Services of Puerto Rico |format=PDF |page=1 |date=11 April 2000 |accessdate=14 July 2008 |quote=In 1966, the Public Parks and Recreation Administration and the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee awarded official recognition of the "paso fino" horse riding sport as the autochthonous sport of Puerto Rico.}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Taekwondo designated as South Korea's flagbearing national sport |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1063449 |accessdate=20 April 2018 |publisher=insidethegames |language=English }}
16. ^{{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|date=December 23, 2009|title=The Complete Guide to National Emblems and Symbols|volume=1|isbn=978-0313344961|page=166}}
17. ^{{cite book|first=Danny |last=Aeberhard |author2=Andrew Benson |author3=Lucy Phillips |title=The Rough Guide to Argentina |page=198 |isbn=978-1-85828-569-6 |year=2001 |quote="displays of traditional gaucho skills (destrezas criollas)" |display-authors=etal}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=177996 |title=Uruguay Law 17958 of 21 April 2006 |publisher=Global Legal Information Network |accessdate=14 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621043044/http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=177996 |archivedate=21 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afghanembassy.net/buz.php |title=Buzkashi: The National Game of Afghanis |accessdate=21 July 2008 |publisher=Embassy of Afghanistan, Canberra}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.festival.ai/article/articleview/4525/1/127/ |title=Boat Racing Season Officially Opens |date=3 March 2007 |accessdate=21 July 2008 |quote=Director of Sports, Alkins Rogers, […] reported that the Government recognizes boat racing as the national sport of Anguilla and was giving financial resources for its development. |work=The Anguillian | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208162056/http://www.festival.ai/article/articleview/4525/1/127/ | archive-date=February 8, 2009}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Afghanistan-to-Bosnia-Herzegovina/Antiguans-and-Barbudans.html |title=Antiguans and Barbudans |accessdate=10 July 2008 |quote=Cricket, a left-over from the British rule, is the national sport of Antigua and Barbuda. |publisher=everyculture.com }}
22. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.krone.at/602543|title= Teurer Pistenspaß: Das kostet unser Nationalsport}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/281649.html |title=Cricket by association |accessdate=21 July 2008 |first=Will |last=Luke |date=March 2007 |publisher=The Wisden Cricketer |quote=Bermuda are one of the few sides who count cricket as a national sport. }}
24. ^{{Cite journal|last=Garai|first=José Ramón|date=2006|title=Basque pelota: the sport of a nation shared with the world|url=http://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_revista_euskaletxeak/en_ee/adjuntos/74_i.pdf|journal=Euskal Etxeak|volume=74|pages=32|via=}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.barbados.gov.bb/sports.htm |title=Barbados: Sports |quote=The national sport of Barbados is cricket |accessdate=21 July 2008 |publisher=Government of Barbados |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113144547/http://www.barbados.gov.bb/sports.htm |archivedate=13 November 2009 |df= }}
26. ^{{cite book|last=Gonzalez Echevarria |first=Roberto |title=The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |pages=76 |chapter=A Cuban Belle Époque |isbn=978-0-19-514605-9 |quote=Baseball is so ingrained in Cuba that it has thrived as the "national sport" through forty years of a bitterly anti-American revolution. }}
27. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E4DE1530F935A15750C0A96F958260 |title=Baseball; Clash of Cultures, Pride and Passion |last=Mckinley |first=James C., Jr |date=26 March 1999 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=24 July 2008 |quote=Most Cubans, after all, consider baseball to be their national sport, a game entwined in history with their struggle for independence from Spain and the birth of their nation.}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cuba.cu/gobierno/discursos/1999/ing/f130899i.html |title=Speech at a meeting with Pan American Games delegation members |last=Castro |first=Fidel |authorlink=Fidel Castro |date=13 August 1999 |publisher=cuba.cu |accessdate=24 July 2008 |quote=the game that […] is […] our national sport […] I am talking of baseball }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/sport/danish-football-the-national-sport-of-denmark|title=Danish Football - The National Sport of Denmark|accessdate= 29 October 2016 |publisher=Denmark.Dk, Copenhagen}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/sport/a-nation-that-plays-the-ball|title=A nation that plays the ball- a sport invented by Danes|accessdate= 18 July 2016 |publisher=Denmark.Dk, Copenhagen}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.domrep.org/kids.html |title=Some facts about the Dominican Republic |publisher=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, Washington |accessdate=22 July 2008 |quote=Baseball is the Dominican Republic's national sport. }}
32. ^{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet Eastern Europe|edition=9 |publisher= Lonely Planet |year= 2007 |page=319|quote=Basketball is the unofficial national sport}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.finland.org/doc/en/about/general/sports.asp |title=About Finland: General information: Sports |date=11 June 2007 |publisher=Embassy of Finland, Washington |accessdate=21 July 2008 |quote=the national sport, "pesäpallo" }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
34. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2014/feb/11/six-nations-second-division-european-rugby There is far more to savour in European rugby union than just the Six Nations] The Guardian
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://azzurracastlegrenada.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=69 |work=Grenada Life |date=March 2007 |pages=38 |title=Batting For Grenada |accessdate=21 July 2008 |quote=in the first Grenada Cricket Classics [, h]eroes such as Sir Viv Richards, Joel Garner and Curtley Ambrose came together to promote what is considered by many to be the national sport in Grenada. |publisher=Grenada Board of Tourism }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://guyana-tourism.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=178 |title=Games |accessdate=21 July 2008 |publisher=Guyana Tourism Authority |quote=Cricket lovely Cricket! One cannot miss out on Guyana's national sport without participating in a game of cricket while in Guyana. |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080606075705/http://guyana-tourism.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=178 |archivedate = 6 June 2008}}
37. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Wagg |editor1-first=Stephen |editor2-last=Andrews |editor2-first=David L. |location=London/New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-415-35926-9 |quotation=[E]ven though soccer football was and is considered the Hungarian national pastime |title=East Plays West: Sport and the Cold War}}
38. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FD2Bt_rt4u4C&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=national+coat+of+arms+haiti+tree#v=onepage&q=national%20coat%20of%20arms%20haiti%20tree&f=false|title=Haiti|last=Graves|first=Kerry A.|date=August 2006|publisher=Capstone|isbn=9780736869614|language=en}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://indonesiaexpat.biz/lifestyle/sports-health/pencak-silat-more-than-just-a-fight/|title=Pencak Silat: More Than Just A Fight|work=Indonesia Expat|accessdate=29 May 2015|date=2015-05-29}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/israel/sports-in-israel/football-in-israel.html |title=Football in Israel |accessdate=24 February 2012 |date=21 February 2011 |publisher=AsiaRooms |quote=The popularity of Football in Israel is sky-high and is the most popular sport of the nation by a distance. Football in Israel is the unofficial national sport of the nation and developed as an organized sport in the country during the period when the British controlled the administration or was the days of the British Mandate.}}
41. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/about/pressreleases/2008/0219/gaachampionship2010.html |title=RTÉ Secures Comprehensive GAA Championship Coverage Until 2010 |date=19 February 2008 |publisher=RTÉ Online |quote=Today's announcement ensures that the public will enjoy quality coverage of our national games across all of RTÉ's media platforms. |accessdate=29 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702063837/http://www.rte.ie/about/pressreleases/2008/0219/gaachampionship2010.html |archivedate=2 July 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0145/S.0145.199511220006.html |title=Adjournment Matters. - Eurathlon Programme. |date=22 November 1995 |publisher=Seanad Éireann |pages=Volume 145 |accessdate=29 April 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607132941/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0145/S.0145.199511220006.html |archivedate=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/story/102547.html |title=The most progressive team in Ireland |first=Hugh |last=Farrelly |work=Scrum.com |date=15 September 2009 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |quote=It's [the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final] a big deal in Ireland, where Gaelic games are the national sport, but the problem for the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is that no-one outside the country, save for committed expatriates, gives a fig.}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.embassyofjamaica.org/ABOUThistory.htm |title=History of Jamaica |quote=The legacy of Britain also lives on in Jamaica in many ways […] the game of cricket is the national sport. |publisher=Jamaican Embassy, Washington |accessdate=21 July 2008}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/sumo/sumo01.html |title=What Is Sumo? |work=Kids Web Japan sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |accessdate=30 April 2012}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.president.lt/en/news.full/5829 |title=Address at Charles University, Prague |last=Adamkus |first=Valdas |authorlink=Valdas Adamkus |date=28 July 2005 |publisher=President of Lithuania official website |accessdate=24 July 2008 |quote=Lithuania is a country that loves basketball. It is our national sport and we are proud to be reigning European Champions. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005022408/http://www.president.lt/en/news.full/5829 |archivedate=5 October 2006 }}
47. ^{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1189174/index.htm |title=Lithuania Calling |first=Luke |last=Winn |work=Sports Illustrated |date=15 August 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |quote=Basketball is the only sport the 3.2 million Lithuanians truly care about—it's their second religion, after Catholicism—and their success is proportionately stunning.}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=53025.html |title=Madagascar take Sevens honours |deadurl=yes |accessdate=24 July 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AGpxxkZd?url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=53025.html |archivedate=29 August 2012 |df= }}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,3891_7884390,00.html |title=14-place jump for Madagascar |deadurl=yes |accessdate=24 July 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118094652/http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0%2C25883%2C3891_7884390%2C00.html |archivedate=18 November 2012 |df= }}
50. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sepaktakraw.org/malaysian-sepaktakraw-association-psm-pays-official-visit-to-istaf-and-asia-sports-ventures/ |title=Official Sepaktakraw Website – Malaysian Sepaktakraw Association (PSM) pays official visit to ISTAF and Asia Sports Ventures |format= |website= |accessdate=2015-10-10}}
51. ^{{citation|author=Editions Didier Millet|title=Malaysia at Random|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VvvOi9mRHIC&pg=PA62|date=1 February 2010|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|isbn=978-981-4217-95-8|pages=62–|authormask=|format=|origyear=|oclc=|doi=|bibcode=|id=|quote=|laysummary=|laydate=}}
52. ^Richards, Alexandra.Mauritius: Rodrigues, Réunion. Bradt Travel Guides, 2009, p.90
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/5005|title=A wrestling competition dedicated to the Wonder of Mongolian National Wrestling|author=Metawise LLC|work=infomongolia.com|access-date=13 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060112/http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/5005|archive-date=4 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
54. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.mongolianembassy.us/about_mongolia/sport.php |title=Mongolian Embassy in the USA |access-date=13 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007073543/http://www.mongolianembassy.us/about_mongolia/sport.php |archive-date=7 October 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
55. ^{{cite journal|last = Falcous|first = Mark |doi=10.1080/17460260701591684 |title = Rugby in the National Imaginary of New Zealand Aotearoa |journal = Sport in History |volume=27 |issue = 3 |year=2007 |quote=1907–2007 Centenary of International Rugby |pages = 423–446}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.norway.org/News/archive/1996/199602ski.htm|title=Skiing and the Creation of a Norwegian Identity – part 2|last=Mølster|first=Odd|year=1996|work=News of Norway, issue 2|publisher=Norwegian Embassy, Washington|accessdate=21 July 2008 |quote=the national sport could become a fine weapon in time of war. In 1943, Norway's resistance movement won an epochal victory – on skis, of course}}
57. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/sports/article1228843.ece|title=Few cheers for Norway|last=Berglund|first=Nina|date=20 February 2006|work=Aftenposten|accessdate=21 July 2008|quote=The scoreboard shows how the Norwegians placed, a performance considered much too poor in a country where cross-country skiing is a national sport.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221142042/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/sports/article1228843.ece|archivedate=21 February 2006|df=dmy-all}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19182961|title=Pakistan's Olympic humiliation in national sport|work=BBC|date=8 August 2012|accessdate=5 December 2016|first=M. Ilyas|last=Khan}}
59. ^{{cite book|title=Changing World: Pakistan|first=David|last=Abbott|page=21|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2015|isbn=9781625133212}}
60. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/7671217.stm|title=PNG vow to upset World Cup odds|date=15 October 2008|work=Rugby League|publisher=Federación Peruana de Frontón|accessdate=3 July 2009|quote=But it would still be one of the biggest shocks in World Cup history if Papua New Guinea – the only country to have rugby league as its national sport – were to qualify for the last four.}}
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_league/8336567.stm|title=PNG seal 2010 Four Nations place|publisher=BBC|date=1 November 2009}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clubregatas.org.pe/historia/Paleta.htm|title=Paleta-Frontón|date=31 August 2009|work=Club Regatas Lima|publisher=Club Regatas Lima|accessdate=31 August 2009|quote=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625195040/http://www.clubregatas.org.pe/historia/Paleta.htm|archivedate=25 June 2009|df=dmy-all}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/4138-sipa-and-sepak-takraw-kicking-in|title=Sipa and sepak takraw kicking in|date=21 April 2012|work=Rappler|publisher=David Lozada|accessdate=21 April 2012|quote=}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historia.ro/exclusiv_web/actualitate/articol/oina-sportul-national-uitat |title=Oina – sportul naţional uitat |accessdate=21 November 2012 |date=18 September 2010 |language=Romanian |publisher=Adevărul Holding |quote=Dar nici deciziile luate de autorităţile comuniste nu au salvat sportul naţional românesc de la uitare.}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/news/2011/01/21/33986/ |title=Russian bandy players blessed for victory at world championship in Kazan |date=21 January 2011 |publisher=Tatar-Inform |accessdate=31 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424230703/http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/news/2011/01/21/33986/ |archivedate=24 April 2012 |df= }}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportscotland.org.uk/ChannelNavigation/News/TopicNavigation/Other+press+releases/articles/First+Minister+celebrates+Scotlands+golf+world+champions+as+new+figures+show+big+increase+in+youngst.htm|title=Alex Salmond quote|date=31 August 2009|publisher=Sport Scotland|accessdate=25 October 2010|quote=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028054527/http://www.sportscotland.org.uk/ChannelNavigation/News/TopicNavigation/Other+press+releases/articles/First+Minister+celebrates+Scotlands+golf+world+champions+as+new+figures+show+big+increase+in+youngst.htm|archivedate=28 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}
67. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Skiing Nation: Towards an Anthropology of Slovenia's National Sport | doi=10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00118.x | volume=7| issue=2 |journal=Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism|pages=56–78|year = 2008|last1 = Kotnik|first1 = Vlado}}
68. ^{{cite web|author=AIT/ |url=http://tauromaquia.org/proyecto-unesco/118-continuan-de-forma-incesante-declaraciones-de-patrimonio-cultural-inmaterial-a-favor-de-los-toros.html |title=CONTINÚAN DE FORMA INCESANTE DECLARACIONES DE PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL A FAVOR DE LOS TOROS |publisher=tauromaquia.org |date=25 November 2011 |accessdate=4 April 2011}}
69. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibbotson|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|title=Tajikistan|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Nm9DI7nu6CoC&pg=PA22&dq=tajikistan+sport#v=onepage&q=tajikistan%20sport&f=false|accessdate=8 November 2015|isbn=9781841624556|year=2013}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alaturka.info/tr/akdeniz-boelgesi/spor-ve-eglence/ata-sporu-gueres.html |title=Ata Sporu – Güreş |publisher=Alaturka.info |accessdate=31 December 2009 |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223031515/http://www.alaturka.info/tr/akdeniz-boelgesi/spor-ve-eglence/ata-sporu-gueres.html |archivedate=23 December 2009 }}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kalem.biz/yazi.asp?islem=yazidetay&id=1621&db=1&konusu=Ata%20Sporu%20Cirit|title=Ata Sporu – Cirit|publisher=Kalem.biz|accessdate=31 December 2009|quote=}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/the-icc/icc_members/profile.php?countryCode=ICC_AFFILIATE_MEMBERS_TCISLANDS |title=ICC Members: Turks and Caicos Islands |work=International Cricket Council |accessdate=7 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107132730/http://www.icc-cricket.com/the-icc/icc_members/profile.php?countryCode=ICC_AFFILIATE_MEMBERS_TCISLANDS |archivedate=7 November 2012 |df= }}
73. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=uGiD4LrT6coC&pg=PA104&vq=pastime&dq=national+pastime |title=Regulating the National Pastime: Baseball and Antitrust |accessdate=21 July 2008 |quote=Baseball justified its privileged legal status by citing the special nature and cultural significance of America's national pastime. |first=Jerold J. |last=Duquette |isbn=978-0-275-96535-8 |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood |page=104 }}
74. ^{{cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=e6RfXqIcY3kC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=%22known+as+the+national+pastime%22&source=web&ots=YxBQqRmkgf&sig=IRgII2ZMuuM-dIFjGAo6aZau2vQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA140,M1 |title=Baseball/literature/culture: Essays, 1995–2001 |first=Myles |last=Schrag |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7864-1643-1 |page=Chp.13 p.140 |editor=Peter Carino |chapter=Baseball as National Pastime Revisted: And a Little Town Shall Lead Them |publisher=McFarland |quote=Tradition – that quality so instrumental in elevating baseball to its century-old status as national pastime— has become less important }}
75. ^{{cite book |last=Gmelch|first=George |date=2006-01-01 |title= Baseball Without Borders: The International Pastime|page=308|accessdate=2014-07-09|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Y7tqTcVaawwC&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=venezuela+national+pastime#v=onepage&q=venezuela%20national%20pastime&f=false|isbn=9780803256064 }}
76. ^{{cite book |last=Gmelch|first=George |date=2006-01-01 |title= Baseball Without Borders: The International Pastime|page=308|accessdate=2014-07-09 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Y7tqTcVaawwC&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=venezuela+national+pastime#v=onepage&q=venezuela%20national%20pastime&f=false|isbn=9780803256064 }}
77. ^{{cite book |title=(UMI:3349149)? |page=56|quote=Since it was first introduced in the country, baseball has been recognized in Venezuela as the national sport}}
78. ^{{cite book |title=(UMI:3349149)? |page=56|quote= in Vietnam is run by the Vietnam Football Federation. The federation administers the Vietnam national football team, as well as the V-League, Vietnam First Division, and the Vietnam Second Division. Football is the most popular sport in Vietnam. Its annual V-League competition has taken place since 1980 (except in 1988 and 1999)}}
79. ^{{cite journal |url=http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~ellisjs/Harris.pdf |journal=North American Journal of Welsh Studies |volume=6 |issue=2 |date=Summer 2006 |title=(Re)Presenting Wales: National Identity and Celebrity in the Postmodern Rugby World |first=John |last=Harris |quote=rugby used to be the undisputed national sport of Wales […] Rugby Union's assumed position as "the national game" has often been questioned on the basis that it is predominantly a game played and followed in South Wales. |accessdate=14 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910040520/http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~ellisjs/Harris.pdf |archivedate=10 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
{{National symbols}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}

3 : National symbols|Sports terminology|Sport and nationality
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