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词条 National Union of General Workers (UK)
释义

  1. History

  2. Election results

  3. Presidents

  4. References

{{Infobox Union
|name= National Union of General Workers
|country= United Kingdom
|affiliation= TUC, NTWF, Labour
|members= 39,805 (1907)[1]
196,090 (1924)
|image=
|founded= 1889
|dissolved_date=1924
|dissolved_state=Merged into
|merged_into=National Union of General and Municipal Workers
|office= 28 Tavistock Square, London
|people= Will Thorne, General Secretary
|footnotes=
}}

The National Union of General Workers (NUGW) was an early general union in the United Kingdom, the most important general union of its era.

History

The union was founded in 1889 as the National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers by Will Thorne, Ben Tillett and William Byford, following lay offs at Beckton gas works. Thorne was elected as the General Secretary, a post he held throughout the life of the union, and successfully argued that the organisation should campaign for an eight-hour working day, rather than an increase in wages. This demand was quickly won, and membership soon rose to over 20,000.[2]

While the union organised members across the UK, its main areas of strength were London and Lancashire. In London, Thorne was its best-known figure, followed by Pete Curran, Arthur Hayday, Jack Jones and Harry Picard, while in Lancashire its main figures were J. R. Clynes, Charles Dukes, Fleming Eccles and Arthur Seabury. It also had significant numbers of members in the north east, organised by Hugh Lynas, and in Scotland, where it was organised by John McKenzie. Its largest section of members worked in engineering, followed by gas workers, electricity supply, shipyard workers in the south of England and in Scotland. Other industries in which it had a significant membership included the metal trades in Sheffield and Birmingham, aluminium, asbestos and cement works, brickmaking, quarrying, boxmaking, chemicals, rubber, leather, and food and drink manufacturing.[3]

In 1916, the organisation renamed itself the "National Union of General Workers", merging with the Amalgamated Union of Machine and General Labourers. Further mergers followed, principally with the British Labour Amalgamation, the Amalgamated Society of Gas, Municipal and General Workers, the Amalgamated Enginemen, Cranemen, Boilermen, Firemen and Wire Rope Workers Union and the National Union of Women Workers.[4] This last merger was particularly significant, as it brought 30,000 women into the union.[3]

Unlike many other unions, the NUGW only had a small staff at its headquarters, consisting of Clynes, Jones, Thorne and Will Sherwood, later joined by Margaret Bondfield from the National Union of Women Workers.[3]

In 1924, the union joined with the National Amalgamated Union of Labour and the Municipal Employees Association to form the National Union of General and Municipal Workers.[4] Much of the leadership of the new union came from the NUGW, which adopted its districts. Eccles, R. H. Farrah, Hayday, William E. Hopkin, Tom Hurley, Lynas, McKenzie, Walt Wood and S. J. Wright all continued in post as district secretaries, Thorne continued as general secretary, and Clynes as president, while Bondfield, Jones and Sherwood were appointed as assistant general secretaries.[3]

Election results

The union sponsored Labour Party candidates in numerous Parliamentary elections, several of whom won election.

Election Constituency Candidate Votes Percentage Position
1900 general election West Ham South Will|Thorne}} 4,439 44.2 2[5]
1906 general election Jarrow Peter Francis|Curran}} 5,093 38.8 2[6]
1906 general election West Ham South Will|Thorne}} 10,210 67.2 1[6]
1907 by-election Jarrow Pete|Curran}} 4,698 33.0 1
1910 Jan general election Jarrow Pete|Curran}} 4,818 33.5 2
1910 Jan general election West Ham South Will|Thorne}} 11,791 63.1 1
1910 Dec general election West Ham South Will|Thorne}} 9,508 66.4 1
1918 general election Bolton Robert|Tootill}} unopposed N/A 1[7]
1918 general election Carlisle Ernest|Lowthian|nolink=1}} 4,736 33.2 2
1918 general election The Hartlepools Will|Sherwood}} 4,733 18.6 3
1918 general election Manchester Platting John Robert|Clynes}} unopposed N/A 1[8]
1918 general election Nottingham West Arthur|Hayday}} 7,286 56.8 1
1918 general election Plaistow Will|Thorne}} 12,156 94.9 1[7]
1918 general election Rutland and Stamford Fleming|Eccles}} 7,639 46.4 2
1922 general election Darlington Will|Sherwood}} 9,048 33.8 2[9]
1922 general election Manchester Platting J. R.|Clynes}} 15,683 48.5 1[9]
1922 general election Northampton Margaret|Bondfield}} 14,498 37.9 2[9]
1922 general election Northwich John|Williams|John Williams (trade unionist)}} 13,006 45.8 2[9]
1922 general election Nottingham West Arthur|Hayday}} 10,787 49.0 1[9]
1922 general election Plaistow Will|Thorne}} 12,321 63.3 1[9]
1922 general election Rutland and Stamford Fleming|Eccles}} 7,236 32.9 2[9]
1922 general election Silvertown Jack|Jones|Jack Jones (Silvertown MP)}} 11,874 73.1 1[9]
1923 by-election Darlington Will|Sherwood}} 11,271 43.4 2
1923 general election Bolton Fleming|Eccles}} 21,045 15.6 5
1923 general election Darlington Will|Sherwood}} 9,284 33.6 2
1923 general election Manchester Platting J. R.|Clynes}} 17,078 54.8 1[10]
1923 general election Northampton Margaret|Bondfield}} 15,556 40.5 1[10]
1923 general election Nottingham West Arthur|Hayday}} 12,366 62.7 1[10]
1923 general election Plaistow Will|Thorne}} 13,638 74.6 1[10]
1923 general election Silvertown Jack|Jones|Jack Jones (Silvertown MP)}} 12,777 81.3 1[10]

Presidents

1889: Mark Hutchins

Will Watkinson

Pete Curran

1910: J. E. Smith

1914: J. R. Clynes

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=Report on Trade Unions in 1905-1907|date=1909|publisher=Board of Trade|location=London|page=82-101}}
2. ^National Union of Gasworkers, Spartacus Educational
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Clegg |first1=H. A. |title=General Union |date=1954 |publisher=Basil Blackwell |location=Oxford |pages=11–23}}
4. ^1 Arthur Ivor Marsh et al, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, p.486
5. ^Frank Bealey and Henry Pelling, Labour and Politics, 1900-1906, p.289
6. ^1 Frank Bealey and Henry Pelling, Labour and Politics, 1900-1906, pp.290-292
7. ^1 Labour Year Book (1919), pp.12-14
8. ^Declan McHugh, Labour in the City: The Development of the Labour Party in Manchester 1918-31, p.196
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Labour Party, Report of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.255-272. Note that this list is of the sanctioned candidates as of June 1922, and there were some changes between this date and the general election.
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Clegg |first1=H. A. |title=General Union |date=1954 |publisher=Basil Blackwell |location=Oxford |pages=304–306}}
{{GMB (trade union)}}{{UK-trade-union-stub}}

5 : 1889 establishments in the United Kingdom|Trade unions disestablished in 1924|Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom|GMB amalgamations|Trade unions established in 1889
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