| 词条 | Naval Act of 1916 |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox U.S. legislation | shorttitle = Naval Act of 1916 | othershorttitles = {{unbulleted list|Big Navy Act|Naval Construction Act of 1916|Naval Expansion Act of 1916}} | longtitle = An Act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and for other purposes. | colloquialacronym = | nickname = Naval Service Appropriations Act of 1916 | enacted by = 64th | effective date = August 29, 1916 | public law url = http://legisworks.org/congress/64/publaw-241.pdf | cite public law = 64-241 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|39|556}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = | sections created = | sections amended = | leghisturl = | introducedin = House | introducedbill = {{USBill|64|H.R.|15947}} | introducedby = | introduceddate = May 29, 1916 | committees = | passedbody1 = House | passeddate1 = June 2, 1916 | passedvote1 = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/64-1/h73 363-4] | passedbody2 = Senate | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = July 21, 1916 | passedvote2 = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/64-1/s195 71-8] | conferencedate = | passedbody3 = | passeddate3 = | passedvote3 = | agreedbody3 = House | agreeddate3 = August 15, 1916 | agreedvote3 = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/64-1/h90 282-51] | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = | passeddate4 = | passedvote4 = | signedpresident = Woodrow Wilson | signeddate = August 29, 1916 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The Naval Act of 1916 was also called the "Big Navy Act" was United States federal legislation that called for vastly enlarging the US navy. An overlooked landmark piece of legislation, President Woodrow Wilson determined amidst the repeated incidents with Germany to build "incomparably, the greatest Navy in the world" over a ten-year period with the intent of making the U.S. Navy equal to any two others in the world. Ultimately, more than $500 million was to be spent on ten battleships, six battlecruisers, thirty submarines, fifty destroyers, and other support vessels, to be built over a three-year period. HistoryOpposition to heavily armored and thus expensive "Dreadnought" ships was strong in the House, but was overcome by the results of the one great naval battle of World War I between the British Royal Navy and the German High Seas Fleet, the Battle of Jutland (31 May–1 June 1916), which proved to Preparedness supporters that a heavy, great tonnage Navy armed with large guns was necessary to defend U.S. shores and merchant ships on the seas in the event of war. President Wilson told Col. Edward House that he was anxious to hasten the day when the U.S. Navy was larger than the United Kingdom's, proclaiming "Let us build a Navy bigger than hers and do what we please." The Senate passed the "Big Navy Act" on July 21 although it specified that five of ten battleships specified would be replaced with battlecruisers. Not until August 8 did Rep. Lemuel P. Padgett, Tennessee Democrat and Chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee, confer with President Wilson and agree to support the Senate bill. Democrat Rep. Claude Kitchin of North Carolina despaired: "The United States today becomes the most militaristic naval nation on earth." In Sept. 1918, the Navy Department's General Board recommended in addition to the sixteen capital ships called for in the initial act, that an additional twelve battleships and sixteen battlecruisers be built. By 1922, the U.S. Navy, if all the ships had been built, could have surpassed the Royal Navy in size and strength. However the expectation of a ruinous arms race with the British and the Japanese led to the Washington Naval Conference of 1921–22 and the tonnage limit ratio agreements with the US having parity with the Royal Navy. See alsoNaval Act of 1938 Naval Appropriations Act For 1922 RMS Lusitania Two-Ocean Navy Act FootnotesExternal links
5 : 1916 in American law|United States federal defense and national security legislation|1916 in military history|United States Navy in the 20th century|United States federal appropriations legislation |
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