| 词条 | Nelma |
| 释义 |
| name = Stenodus nelma | image = Nelma fish.JPG | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Stenodus nelma | authority = (Pallas, 1773) | synonyms =
}}Stenodus nelma, known alternatively as the nelma, sheefish, inconnu or connie, is a commercial species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is widespread in the Arctic rivers from the Kola Peninsula (White Sea basin) eastward across Siberia to the Anadyr River and also in the North American basins of the Yukon River and Mackenzie River.[1][2][3][4] Appearance and lifestyleStenodus nelma is an anadromous fish, up to {{convert|150|cm|in}} in length. The fish has a large mouth with a protruding lower jaw and a high and pointed dorsal fin. It is generally silver in color with a green, blue or brown back. The meat is white, flaky and somewhat oily. An adult fish weighs from {{convert|14|to|25|kg|lb}}. The fish eat plankton for their first year of life and then become predators of smaller fish. They live in lakes and rivers and in the brackish water at the outlets of rivers into the ocean, and may migrate {{convert|1500|km|mi}} to spawn. SystematicsStenodus nelma has previously been considered a subspecies of Stenodus leucichthys (S. leucichthys nelma). The typical Stenodus leucichthys (beloribitsa) is a landlocked Eurasian species restricted to the Caspian Sea basin, and now extinct in the wild.[5][6] References1. ^{{cite book|last=Kottelat|first= M.|last2= Freyhof|first2= J.|year=2007|title=Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes|isbn= 978-2-8399-0298-4}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | author = Freyhof, J.; and Kottelat, M. | title = Stenodus nelma | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T135545A4141935 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/135545/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135545A4141935.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}} 3. ^Eschmeyer F. Catalog of Fishes (Search: Stenodus (species)) California Academy of Sciences. (15 March 2012 version) 4. ^{{FishBase|genus=Stenodus|species=nelma|id=66490|month=February|year=2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|first=E. S.|last=Belyaeva|url=http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodb/eng/fishes/Stenodus%20leucichthys%20leucichthys/main.htm|title=Stenodus leucichthys leucichthys|publisher=caspianenvironment.org|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130703230630/http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodb/eng/fishes/Stenodus%20leucichthys%20leucichthys/main.htm|archivedate=2013-07-03|df=}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | author = Freyhof, J.; and Kottelat, M. | title = Stenodus leucichthys | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T20745A9229071 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/20745/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20745A9229071.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}} External links
6 : Stenodus|Freshwater fish of the Arctic|Fish of the Arctic Ocean|Fish described in 1773|Fish of Russia|Fish of the United States |
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