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词条 Neoaves
释义

  1. Phylogeny

  2. References

{{automatic taxobox
|name = Neoavians
|fossil_range = Late Cretaceous – Holocene, {{fossil range|69|0}}[1]
|image = Toulouse - Sturnus vulgaris - 2012-02-26 - 3.jpg
|image_caption = Common starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
|taxon = Neoaves
|authority = Sibley et al., 1988
|subdivision_ranks = Clades
|subdivision =
  • Strisores
  • Columbaves
  • Gruiformes
  • Aequorlitornithes
  • Inopinaves

}}

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Paleognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin). Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of modern birds belong to the Neoaves.

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,[2] and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.[3][4]

{{clear}}

Phylogeny

One hypothesis for the phylogeny of modern birds was presented by Prum, R.O. et al. (2015)[5] The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships, with some taxon names following Yury, T. et al. (2013)[6] and Kimball et al. 2013.[7]

{{clade| style=font-size:80%;line-height:95%
|label1=Neoaves
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Strisores
|1={{clade
|1=Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Steatornithiformes (oilbird)
|2=Nyctibiiformes (potoos)
|2={{clade
|1=Podargiformes (frogmouths)
|2={{clade
|1=Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars)
|2=Apodiformes (hummingbirds, treeswifts, and swifts)
                  }}               }}            }}         }}      }}

|label2=
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Columbaves
|1={{clade
|label1=Otidimorphae
|1={{clade
|1=Musophagiformes (turacos)
|label2=
|2={{clade
|1=Otidiformes (bustards)
|2=Cuculiformes (cuckoos)
               }}            }}

|label2=Columbimorphae
|2={{clade
|1=Columbiformes (pigeons)
|label2=
|2={{clade
|1=Mesitornithiformes (mesites)
|2=Pteroclidiformes (sandgrouse)
               }}            }}         }}        }}

|label2=
|2={{clade
|1=Gruiformes (rails and cranes)
|label2=
|2={{clade
|label1=Aequorlitornithes
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=Mirandornithes
|1={{Clade
|1=Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
|2=Podicipediformes (grebes)
|2=Charadriiformes (waders and relatives)
|label2= Ardeae
|2={{clade
|label1=Eurypygimorphae
|1={{clade
|1=Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)
|2=Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)
|label2=Aequornithes |sublabel2=(core waterbirds)
|2={{clade
|1=Gaviiformes (loons)
|2={{clade
|label1=Austrodyptornithes
|1={{clade
|1=Procellariiformes (albatross and petrels)
|2=Sphenisciformes (penguins)
|2={{clade
|1=Ciconiiformes (storks)
|2={{clade
|1=Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.)
|2=Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons, ibises, etc.)
                              }}                           }}                        }}                     }}                  }}                }}

|label2=Inopinaves
|2={{clade
|1=Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)
|label2=Telluraves |sublabel2=(core landbirds)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Accipitrimorphae
|1={{clade
|1=Cathartiformes (New World vultures)
|2=Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)
                           }}                    }}

|2={{clade
|label1=Afroaves
|1={{clade
|1=Strigiformes (owls)
|label2=Coraciimorphae
|2={{clade
|1=Coliiformes (mouse birds)
|label2=Cavitaves
|2={{clade
|1=Leptosomatiformes (cuckoo roller)
|label2=Eucavitaves
|2={{clade
|1=Trogoniformes (trogons)
|label2=Picocoraciae
|2={{clade
|1=Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)
|label2= Picodynastornithes
|2={{clade
|1=Coraciformes (kingfishers and relatives)
|2=Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
                                       }}                                    }}                                 }}                              }}                           }}                        }}                     

|label2=Australaves
|2={{clade
|1=Cariamiformes (seriemas)
|label2=Eufalconimorphae
|2={{clade
|1=Falconiformes (falcons)
|label2=Psittacopasserae
|2={{clade
|1=Psittaciformes (parrots)
|2=Passeriformes (passerines)
                           }}                        }}                     }}                  }}               }}            }}                                                       }}      }}   }}

}}
}}

References

1. ^Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Claramunt |first1=S. |last2=Cracraft |first2=J. |title=A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds |journal=Sci Adv |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=11 |pages=e1501005 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1501005 |pmc=4730849 |pmid=26824065}}
3. ^Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
4. ^Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
5. ^Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
6. ^Yuri et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
7. ^Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2330918}}

3 : Neognathae|Bird superorders|Extant Campanian first appearances

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