Motivations for the creation of micronations include theoretical experimentation, political protest, artistic expression, personal entertainment and the conduct of criminal activity.[1]{{rp|4}}
| Name | Flag | Country/region claimed | Founded/
years active | Description | | Aerican Empire | Aerican_Empire}} | Canada}} | 1987 | [1]{{rp>102}} |
| Aeterna Lucina | Flag of Aeterna Lucina.jpg}} | Australia}} | 1978-1996 | An Australian micronation founded by a self-proclaimed baron, who claimed properties he owned in New South Wales as its territory. Several associated businessmen were charged in 1990 with land and visa fraud.[3] |
| Akhzivland | Flag of Akhzivland.png}} | Israel}} | 1971 | A micronation founded in response to the Israeli government demolishing an illegally inhabited house.[4] |
| Aramoana | Flag of Aramoana.png}} | New Zealand}} | 1980-1981 | A small New Zealand community that declared itself independent to protest the building of an aluminium smelter on nearby land.[5] |
| Asgardia | }} | Space | 2016 | A micronation founded by Igor Ashurbeyli that aims to launch satellites into space in order to found a real nation recognised by the UN. The ultimate aim is to avoid the restrictions of the current space law framework.[6] |
| Atlantium | Atlantium}} | Australia}} | 1981 | Based in Australia, it advocates for global governance: specifically, no borders and freedom of movement.[7] |
| Austenasia | Flag of Austenasia.svg}} | United Kingdom}} | 2008 | A self-declared sovereign state based in the United Kingdom.[8] |
| Avram | N/A | 1980|1980s}} | [1]{{rp>144}} |
| British West Florida | DBWF Flag.svg}} | United States}} | 2005 | [1]{{rp>139}} |
| Bumbunga | Flag of Bumbunga.svg}} | Australia}} | 1976-1999 | An Australian secessionist micronation located on a farm at Bumbunga, South Australia from 1976.[9] Ceased in 1999, when its founder was deported to the United Kingdom on firearms charges.[10] |
| Celestia | Flag of Celestia.svg}} | Space | 1949 | A micronation that comprises the entirety of the universe besides Earth. It was founded on January 1, 1949 by James T. Mangan to stop other countries from claiming outer space land. |
| Christiania | Flag of Christiania.svg}} | Denmark}} | 1971 | Christiania, also known as Freetown Christiania, is a self-proclaimed autonomous neighbourhood in the Danish capital of Copenhagen. The commune occupies the site of an old barracks and is home to almost 1,000 residents.[11] |
| Conch Republic | Flag of Key West, Florida.svg}} | United States}} | 1982 | [1]{{rp>130}} |
| Coral Sea Islands | Gay flag.svg}} | Australia}} | 2004 | [1]{{rp>38}} |
| Elgaland-Vargaland | Elgaland-Vargaland_flag.png}} | N/A | 1992 | A conceptual art project by two Swedish artists, Carl Michael von Hausswolff and Leif Elggren, which defines itself as the borders of all nations. |
| Elleore | Flag of Elleore.svg}} | Denmark}} | 1944 | [1]{{rp>42}} |
| EnenKio | Flag of EnenKio.svg}} | United States}} | 1994 | Claims Wake Atoll,[12] a U.S. territory north of the Marshall Islands, and has been deemed a scam.[13] |
| Filettino | Flag of the Principality of Filettino.png}} | Italy}} | 2011 | Created by the mayor of Filettino in protest at the Italian government's austerity measure that reorganised the local government of towns with less than 1,000 residents.[14] |
| Flandrensis | Flandrensis vlag.jpg}} | Antarctica}} | 2008 | A micronation which claims some territories of Antarctica, founded by Niels Vermeersch.[15] |
| Forvik | United Kingdom}} | 2008 | An islet in Shetland, Scotland, declared a Crown dependency by Stuart Hill as part of a Shetland secessionist agenda.[16] |
| Fredonia | Fredonian_Rebellion_Flag_of_1826.svg}} | Mexico}} (formerly) | 1826-1827 | The Fredonian Rebellion was the first, and short-lived, attempt by Anglo settlers in Texas to secede from Mexico. Led by Haden Edwards, they seized control of the town of Nacogdoches, and declared the Republic of Fredonia. Some historians regard the Fredonian Rebellion as the beginning of the Texas Revolution. |
| Freedonia | Flag_of_Freedonia.svg}} | United States}} | 1997-2004 | The Principality of Freedonia was a micronation based on libertarian principles. |
| Frestonia | United Kingdom}} | 1977-1980s | Residents of Freston Road in west London staged a "secession" from the United Kingdom as Frestonia. The residents were squatters, many of whom eventually set up a housing co-op in negotiation with Notting Hill Housing Trust, and included artists, musicians, writers, actors and activists. |
| Ganienkeh | United States}} | 1974 | The 1970s saw a number of highly publicized confrontations between the U.S. government and Native Americans, such as the Oglala Lakotas' standoff at Wounded Knee and the Alcatraz occupation. Another clash occurred at Moss Lake in upstate New York. After the federal Indian Claims Commission refused to consider compensation to the Mohawk Nation, saying that its jurisdiction only covered western tribes, a group of Mohawk activists declared 600 acres near Moss Lake the sovereign Mohawk territory of Ganienkeh, and further laid claim to all of northeastern New York. After a firefight between the Mohawks and local vigilantes, the state government started eviction proceedings. When the federal courts refused to hear the matter, Assistant State Attorney General Mario Cuomo was dispatched to negotiate a settlement. In May 1977, the Mohawks accepted a smaller land grant and the crisis was ended.[17][18] |
| Glacier Republic | Bandera República Glaciar.png}} | Chile}}/{{flag|Argentina}} border | 2014 | Founded by Greenpeace activists in a disputed border region of the Andes between Chile and Argentina, for the purpose of drawing attention to Chile's lack of environmental protection for glaciers.[19][20] |
| Global Country of World Peace | United States}} | 2000 | "A country without borders for peace loving people everywhere" created by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, with capitals at MERU, Holland and Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa.[21] Tony Nader was appointed leader by the Maharishi. |
| Hajdučka Republika | Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | 2002 | A protest project (based on Vran mountain, in Blidinje Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina) started by a local because of inefficiency of problems with the local electricity supply.[22] |
| Kingdom of Hay-on-Wye | United Kingdom}} | 1977-2005 | Was founded in 1977 by Richard Booth in what he describes as "a sincere attempt to "shake off the bureaucratic grip of a central government which showed little or no practical interest in re-vitalizing the clearly decaying market town." This declaration was regarded as a means of strengthening internal power, emphasizing support for local produce and local employment."[23][24] |
| Republic of Hout Bay | South Africa}} | mid-1980s | A tongue-in-cheek micronation created to promote tourism in Hout Bay, a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. Local business and the Hout Bay Lions and Rotary clubs sold official-looking passports to raise money for charities. There are urban legends that people were able to convince immigration officers around the world to stamp these passports.[25] |
| Humanity | Flag of the Kingdom of Humanity.svg}} | Spratly Islands, disputed | 1878-1963 | A former micronation, occupying the Spratly Islands, which merged into the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads in September 1963.[26][27] |
| Hutt River | Hutt_River_Flag.svg}} | Australia}} | 1970 | [1]{{rp>22}} |
| Icaria | Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Ikaria.svg}} | Greece}} | 1912-1912 | Icaria is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean. Tensions in the region were high during the early twentieth century. The Ottomans were in retreat everywhere, the newly independent nations of the Balkans were united against them, and Italy had in 1911 declared war, seizing Libya. In 1912, the Italians swept the Aegean of Ottoman warships and seized Rhodes. The inhabitants of Icaria took advantage of the war to declare themselves independent on 12 July 1912. The Balkan alliance declared war in July, reducing the Ottoman holdings in Europe to a tiny foothold. The island was quickly annexed by Greece that November.[17] |
| Kugelmugel | }} | Austria}} | 1984-2015 | [1]{{rp>82–83}} |
| Ladonia | Flag of Ladonia.svg}} | Sweden}} | 1980 | [1]{{rp>136}} |
| Lagoan Isles | Lagoanflag.jpg}} --> | United Kingdom}} | 2005 | [1]{{rp>86}} |
| L'Anse-Saint-Jean | Canada}} | 1997 | It achieved a certain notoriety when its citizens held a referendum on January 21, 1997, to turn the village into the Le Royaume de L'Anse-Saint-Jean (The Kingdom of L'Anse Saint Jean), the continent's first "municipal monarchy." |
| Liberland | Flag of Liberland.svg}} | Serbia}} (not claimed by Serbia) | 2015 | Claims an uninhabited parcel of disputed land on the western bank of the Danube, between Croatia and Serbia. It was created by Czech politician and activist Vít Jedlička. |
| Llanrwst | United Kingdom}} | 1947 | The Free Borough of Llanrwst was a special privilege granted to the Welsh town of Llanrwst by the Prince of Wales. Llanrwst is now a small town and community on the River Conwy in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The town consequently has its own coat of arms and flag, and this is the origin of the old local motto "Cymru, Lloegr a Llanrwst" (Wales, England and Llanrwst). |
| Lovely | Flag of Lovely.svg}} | United Kingdom}} | 2004 | How to Start Your Own Country.{{citation needed>date=December 2015}} |
| Marlborough | Royal Standard of Scotland.svg}} | Australia}} | 1993-1993 | A short lived micronation in Australia whose creator declared his farm an independent country to try to avoid eviction after bankruptcy. He was evicted less than a week later by police, was later prosecuted and has since abandoned any claim of independence.[28] |
| Melchizedek | {{flag|Colombia}},
{{flag|Cook Islands}},
{{flag|France}},
{{flag|Marshall Islands}},
{{flag|Antarctica}} | 1986 | The Dominion of Melchizedek (DoM) is a micronation known largely for facilitating large scale banking fraud in many parts of the world.[29] |
| Minerva | Flag Minerva.svg}} | Fiji}}/{{flag|Tonga}}, disputed | 1973-1982 | [1]{{rp>14}} |
| Molossia | Flag of the Republic of Molossia.svg}} | United States}} | 1999 | A micronation founded by Kevin Baugh, occupying his semi-rural residential acreage in Nevada. It is run humorously as a dictatorial banana-republic.[30] |
| Morac-Songhrati-Meads | Flag of the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads.png}} | Spratly Islands, disputed | 1959 | A micronation that claims to occupy the Spratly Islands. The territory is under de facto military control by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, since the discovery of oil in 1968.[26] |
| M'Simbati | Sultanate of M'Simbati flag.svg}} | Flag of Tanganyika (1923–1961).svg}} Tanganyika (formerly) | 1959-1980[31] | An eccentric Englishman attempted to declare independent a square mile of territory he inhabited on the coast of Tanganyika which he had purchased in 1924. The flag consisted of red, blue and yellow vertical stripes with a small Union Flag in the canton[32] |
| Murrawarri Republic | Flag of Murrawarri Republic.svg}} | Australia}} | 2013 | A micronation that is the traditional homeland of an aboriginal nation. It declared its independence from Australia. |
| Naminara Republic | Naminara Republic Flag.jpg}-> | South Korea}} | 2006 | An island in the Han River in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea. Issues its own passport, currency, phone cards. Part of the movie Winter Sonata was filmed here. |
| Neue Slowenische Kunst | N/A | 1991 | Since 1991, the NSK has claimed to be a sovereign state of sorts, a claim similar to that of micronations. 2017 saw NSK set up a pavilion at the Venice Biennale where Slavoj Žižek stated that "the uniqueness of NSK is this idea of the 'stateless state'. |
| New Utopia | Flag of New Utopia.gif}} | Caribbean Sea (unclaimed) | 1990|1990s}} | [1]{{rp>15}} |
| North Dumpling | United States}} | 1986 | An island in Fishers Island, Southold, New York declared independent after its owner Dean Kamen was denied permission to build a wind turbine on the island. |
| Nova Roma | Nova Roma Flag.svg}} | N/A | 1998 | An international organ of Roman revivalists who claim to be a modern Roman nation and have the administrative structure of the ancient Roman Republic. Nova Roma explicitly states that they aren't a micronation but a "civitas" or "res publica"; their organ, however, fits all the requirements for being classified as such.[33] |
| Nutopia | Flag_white.svg}} | N/A | 1973 | Introduced as a "conceptual nation" by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on April Fools' Day, Nutopia has no land, no borders and no passports or visas; anyone declaring their awareness of Nutopia's existence was allowed to join. It was founded partly as a way to satirize Lennon's immigration troubles at the time.[34] |
| Other World Kingdom | Flag of the Other World Kingdom.svg}} | Czech Republic}} | 1996-2008 | date=September 2009}} |
| Outer Baldonia | Flag of Outer Baldonia.gif}} | Canada}} | 1950|{{Circa}} 1950-1973}} | date=July 2013}} |
| Republic of Parva Domus | Bandera Parva Domus.svg}} | Uruguay}} | 1878 | A self-declared centenary micronation surrounded by Uruguay that functions since 1878 as a social and recreational association that mimics the functioning of a real country. Since its foundation it has had over 800,000 different naturalized citizens. It is one of the first micronations in history and the oldest still functioning. |
| Perloja | Flag of the Republic of Perloja.png}} | Lithuania}} | 1918-1923 | Established in the aftermath of World War I, the Republic of Perloja had its own court, police, prison, currency (Perloja litas), and an army of 300 men.[35] |
| Peščenica | Croatia}} | 1990|1990s}} | Peščenica is a satirical-parodical project of a dictator-ruled republic by famous Croatian maverick traveller Željko Malnar. It is located in Zagreb, Croatia.[36] |
| Pontinha | Flag of the Principality of Pontinha.svg}} | Portugal}} | 2007 | The Principality of Pontinha is a seceding micronation on an islet, which is physically joined to Madeira island, Portugal. King Carlos I of Portugal had sold the islet on October 9, 1903 to the Blandy family of Madeira, who were involved in Madeira wine. The money was needed by the king to develop the port of Funchal. It was purchased by the art teacher Renato de Barros in 2000 for £19,500 from the Blandy family. Self-titled Renato Barros I communicated on November 30, 2007, confirming the independence of the island from Portugal, which first occurred in 1903. |
| Poyais | Green Cross flag of Florida.svg}} | Honduras}} | 1822-1823 | It was invented by Scottish adventurer and South American independence hero Gregor MacGregor in the early 19th century. On the basis of a land grant made to him by the Anglophile native king of the Mosquito people in what is present-day Honduras, MacGregor wove one of history's most elaborate hoaxes, managing to charm the highest levels of London's political and financial establishment with tales of the bucolic, resource-rich country he claimed to rule as a benevolent sovereign prince, or "Cazique", when he arrived in the UK in 1822.[37] |
| Rainbow Creek | Flag Rainbowcreek.gif}-> | Australia}} | 1979-1980s | [1]{{rp>145}} |
| Redonda | Flag of the Kingdom of Redonda.svg}} | Antigua and Barbuda}} (formerly unclaimed) | 1865 | [1]{{rp>108}} |
| Repubblica di Sbarre Centrali | Italy}} | 1970-1971 | A self-proclaimed republic by people from Sbarre district in Reggio city (southern Italy) during the Reggio revolt. This micronation disappeared after the end of the revolt.[38] |
| Reunion | Reunionfl.gif}} | Reunion}} | 1997 | A micronation founded by Brazilian law students as a political simulation. Reunion has a very active political system. It has issued passports, minted coins and is considered one of the most important Lusophone micronations. The micronation has been portrayed by the media of dozens of countries, and has been the star of a front-page article of Reunion Island newspaper, which used It to trace a parallel between its independence and the idea of having independence from France.[39][40][41][42] |
| Romanov Empire | Naval_Ensign_of_Russia.svg}} | Kiribati}}, {{flag|Gambia}} (proposed) | 2011 | The Imperial Throne was founded by Russian businessman Anton Bakov as the "Russian Empire". By its constitution, it is a federal constitutional monarchy and the successor of the Empire founded by Peter I.[43][44] |
| Rose Island | Rose Island Flag.svg}} | Italy}} | 1968-1969 | An attempt to create a sovereign state on an offshore platform in international waters near the Italian city of Rimini. It was completed, but shortly afterward seized by the Italian government and destroyed with explosives.[1] |
| Saugeais | Flag of Saugeais.png}} | France}} | 1947 | [1]{{rp>122–124}} |
| Sealand | Sealand}} | United Kingdom}} | 1967 | [1]{{rp>8–13}} |
| Seborga | Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Seborga.svg}} | Italy}} | 1963 | [1]{{rp>55}} |
| Sedang | Flag of Sedang.svg}} | French Indochina}} (formerly) | 1888-1890 | Micronational entity established in the latter part of the 19th century by a French adventurer, Charles-Marie David de Mayréna, in part of what is present-day Vietnam.[45] |
| Talossa | Flag of the Kingdom of Talossa.svg}} | United States}} | 1979/2005 | [46][1]{{rp>101}} |
| Tavolara | Flag of Tavolara.svg}} | Italy}} | 1836 | The Kingdom of Tavolara is a tiny kingdom claiming independence in the 19th and 20th centuries in Tavolara Island, off the northeast coast of Sardinia. Set up by the Bertoleoni family, sanctioned by Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, it claimed to be one of the smallest kingdoms in the world. |
| Trinidad | Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Trinidad.svg}} | Brazil}} | 1893-1895 | date=December 2015}} In July 1895, the British tried to take possession of this strategic position in the Atlantic, basing their claim on the 1700 visit by English astronomer Edmund Halley. However, Brazilian diplomatic efforts, pressed a successful claim to Brazilian sovereignty, based on the island's discovery in 1502 by Portuguese navigators. Harden-Hickey fell into deep depression and committed suicide on 9 February 1898.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} |
| Užupis | Lithuania}} | 1997 | Užupis is a neighborhood largely located in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1997, the residents of the area declared a Republic of Užupis, with its own flag, currency, president, and constitution.[47] |
| Vikesland | Flag Of Vikesland.svg}} | Canada}} | 2005 | [1]{{rp>90–93}} |
| Wallachia | Wallachia_kingdom2.jpg}} | Czech Republic}} | 1997 | A tongue-in-cheek micronation founded in 1997 as an "elaborate practical joke", located is in the northeast corner of the Czech Republic. |
| Waveland | United Kingdom}}, disputed | 1997-1997 | In 1997, the environmentalist organisation Greenpeace occupied the islet of Rockall for a short time,[48] calling it Waveland, to protest against oil exploration. Greenpeace declared the island to be a "new Global State" and offered citizenship to anyone willing to take their pledge of allegiance. |
| Wendland | Germany}} | 1980-1980 | A German anti-nuclear protest in the Wendland, reoccupied by thousands of policemen after a few weeks.[49] |
| Whangamomona | New Zealand}} | 1989 | [1]{{rp>34–37}} |
| Wirtland | Wirtland flag.svg}} | N/A | 2008 | Wirtland is an experiment into legitimacy and self-sustainability of a country without its own soil, which transcends national borders without breaching or lessening the sovereignty of any involved.[50] |
| Wy | Australia}} | 2004 | Established by Paul Delprat during a dispute with the local council of Mosman municipality in Sydney over the construction of a driveway to his property.[51] |
| Sovereign Yidindji Government | Australia}} | 2014 | A micronation that is the traditional homeland of an aboriginal nation. It declared its independence from Australia. |
| Zaqistan | }} | United States}} | 2005 | A small tract of land in Box Elder County, a remote part of Utah, on which its owner has built monuments. It has also issued passports.[52] |
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 {{cite book |title=Micronations |last=Ryan |first=John |author2=Dunford, George |author3=Sellars, Simon |year=2006 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-730-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZRrwrlIPSYC&pg=PA139&dq=%22Dominion+of+British+West+Florida%22 }}
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