词条 | List of Middle-earth rivers |
释义 |
Middle-earth, the main setting of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, contains many rivers, some of which are described below. {{Compact ToC |center=yes |side=yes |j= |q= |u= |v= |x= |y= |refs=yes |extlinks=yes |nobreak=yes}}A{{Anchor|Adorn}}
The triangle of land between the Isen, Adorn, and the White Mountains was nominally part of the Kingdom of Rohan, but in the late Third Age it was a contested area between the Rohirrim and the Dunlendings.{{Anchor|Adurant}}
The name means double stream in Ilkorin, referring to a parting of the river about the isle of Tol Galen, and many more along its path due to its slow current.
B
Originating from Nenuial (Lake Evendim), a catchment of the Hills of Evendim in north-western Eriador, the river flowed generally southwards. It ran through the easternmost reaches of the Shire, forming its eastern border except for Buckland which lay between it and the Old Forest. Its only major crossings in the Shire were the Brandywine Bridge (originally Bridge of Stonebows) on the East Road, Bucklebury Ferry, and Sarn Ford in the Southfarthing. Skirting the Old Forest to the south, the river then crossed Sarn Ford and flowed to the north of the depopulated region of Minhiriath before flowing into the Sundering Sea to the north of the forested region of Eryn Vorn. The name Baranduin was Sindarin for "golden-brown river". The Hobbits of the Shire originally gave it the punning name Branda-nîn, meaning "border water" in original Hobbitish Westron. This was later punned again as Bralda-hîm meaning "heady ale" (referring to the color of its water), which Tolkien renders into English as Brandywine. To the Hobbits of the Shire, the Brandywine was the boundary between the known and unknown, and even those who lived in Buckland on the immediate opposite shore were considered "peculiar". No tributaries of the Baranduin are described except those near or in the Shire. The Withywindle flowed through the Old Forest, and entered the Baranduin at Haysend. The other named tributaries arose in the Shire: The Water, which ran through the central Shire, entered the Baranduin near the Brandywine Bridge; the Stockbrook, which arose in the Woody End and entered the Baranduin at Stock; and the Shirebourn, which arose in the Green Hill Country along with its own tributary Thistle Brook, and entered the Baranduin at Deephallow. There was a Girdley Island in the river a few miles (1 mile=1.6 km) north of the Brandywine Bridge. The Hobbits Drogo Baggins and his wife Primula Brandybuck died in a boating accident on the Brandywine in {{ME-date|TA|2980}}, leaving their only child, Frodo Baggins, as an orphan.{{Anchor|Brilthor}}
Mark T. Hooker observes that Loudwater is the name used in the nineteenth century for a river south-east of Oxford. Modern maps, however, show the name of this body of water as the Wye. Loudwater is also the name of a village on the Loudwater, three miles(4.8 km) from Beaconsfield, along the A40. Hooker parses the name Bruinen as: brui (loud) + nen (water), and remarks on the similarity of the element brui to the French word bruit (noise), which is pronounced [brui], the final ‘T’ being silent.[2] C{{Anchor|Carnen}}
The kingdom of Dale after its refounding extended into the angle between the Celduin and the Carnen. It is quite possible that the Men of Dale and Esgaroth and the Wood-elves traded along the rivers. The reddish colour of the river, together with its source in the Iron Hills, suggests a significant iron content.{{Anchor|Celduin}}
D
Tolkien confirmed that Deeping-stream is the correct spelling, not Deeping Stream.[5]
E{{Anchor|Enchanted River}}
A dark running river under a sleeping spell in Mirkwood. Its origin was in the Mountains of Mirkwood, and it met the Forest River near Thranduil's Caverns. The stream was enchanted because anyone who touched its waters fell into a dream-filled sleep from which they could not be woken for days. The Mirkwood Elves kept a small boat where their Elf-path reached the Enchanted River, so that they could cross the stream without touching it. In The Hobbit, this river forms an obstacle for the quest of Thorin and company: the boat was on the far side of the stream. In the First Age, the Esgalduin in Beleriand was also called the Enchanted River.{{Anchor|Entwash}}
The Entwash was named for the Ents (Onodrim) of Fangorn, but the origin of the name was largely forgotten by the Rohirrim at the end of the Third Age. According to Tolkien's "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings," the second element of the name is a modernization of Old English wæsc "flood-water," representing an unknown original in the notional language of Rohan"[6]. No Sindarin name for the river is found in LotR. but Tolkien's later account of the gift of the province of Calenardhon to Eorl and his people by Cirion the Steward gives the Sindarin name as Onodló, of which “Entwash” is a translation[7].{{Anchor|Erui}}
The river began near Mount Mindolluin and flowed south through the province of Lossarnach, where it met the Anduin about {{convert|100|mi|km}} south of Minas Tirith. During the Kin-strife of Gondor, the Battle of the Crossings of Erui was fought at the Crossings of Erui on the road to Pelargir.{{Anchor|Esgalduin}}
The Esgalduin had two unnamed upper branches of its own in Ered Gorgoroth. One ran along the border between Dor Dínen and Nan Dungortheb, and the other ran west for about 20 miles from the mountains into Nan Dungortheb and further south-east until merging with the first. F{{Anchor|Five Rivers}}
G
Gelion then passed by Taur-im-Duinath (the Forest between the Rivers) and emptied into the Great Sea Belegaer. Late in his life, Tolkien apparently decided to change the name "Gelion", as it did not fit the pattern of Sindarin. The possible replacements he recorded were "Gelduin", "Gevilon", "Gevelon", "Duin Daer", and "Duin Dhaer".[8]{{Anchor|Gilrain}}
After the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, Isildur, the High King of Arnor and Gondor, and the bearer of the One Ring at that time, was assailed by Orcs near the Gladden Fields, and the Ring was lost here in the river. Much later during the Third Age some Stoors lived near beside the Anduin upstream of the Gladden,[10] and they sometimes ventured down to the Gladden Fields to fish and forage. One of these was Sméagol, soon known as Gollum, and he thereby obtained the Ring. Saruman searched for the Ring extensively in the Gladden; he never found it since it was already in the possession of Gollum at that time, but he discovered Isildur's other garments.{{Anchor|Glanduin}}
Beginning in the Misty Mountains south of Moria, it ran west-north-west until it was met by the Sirannon near the old location of Ost-in-Edhil. Further downstream the Glanduin flowed into the Swanfleet, the vast marshland north-east of Tharbad, which issued into Gwathló. On some maps of Middle-earth, the name Swanfleet river is erroneously placed against the Glanduin or even against the Isen, but properly Swanfleet was the name of the marshlands alone.[11]
The Gwathló began in a marshy area known as Nîn-in-Eilph or Swanfleet, at the confluence of the Mitheithel (Hoarwell) and the Glanduin. Its entire length was wide enough for sailing. When the Númenórean Ship Kings required more and more wood to build their ships, they set up a haven-fortress on the Gwathló called Lond Daer or Lond Daer Enedh, Great (Middle) Haven. From there the lands were rapidly deforested, and by the Third Age all the forests were gone. In the late Second Age and early Third Age the Gwathló formed the border between the Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor, and the great Gondorian northern outpost of Tharbad was built on the Old South Road at the only crossing of the lower Gwathló. By the late Third Age, Gondor had retreated far south and Arnor had been destroyed; Tharbad and its great bridge were abandoned and ruined, and the river had to be crossed by the ruins of Tharbad at a dangerous ford. H{{Anchor|Harnen}}
I{{Anchor|Isen}}
Isen means 'iron' (cf. German eisen and Old English isærn = iron),[13][14] Isengard meaning iron fortress. One of the Isen's tributaries was the Deeping-stream,[15] which began in Helm's Deep near the fortress of Aglarond (thus mirroring the Isen's main source near Isengard). At a distance of about 150 miles west of the Gap of Rohan, the Isen was joined by its main tributary, the river Adorn, which flowed down from the White Mountains in the south-east. The Isen and Adorn formed the western boundary of the Kingdom of Rohan, but the triangle of land between Isen, Adorn, and the White Mountains was a contested land, claimed by the Rohirrim as well as the Dunlendings. The Isen formed a natural boundary in the Gap of Rohan, and was only crossable at Isengard or at the Fords of Isen, where the Rohirrim fought a number of great battles against the Dunlendings and Saruman's Orcs in the late Third Age. In the War of the Ring, when the Ents attacked Isengard, they diverted the Isen, temporarily drowning all of Isengard and Saruman's mines and machines. However in Peter Jackson's movie version, Saruman had already disrupted the Isen with a great dam, and the Ents deluged Isengard by breaking the dam. K
L{{Anchor|Langwell}}
The name means fifth in Sindarin, with a reference to the position of the river if counting the mouths: Erui, Sirith, Serni, Morthond, Lefnui. However the Lefnui was also the westernmost of the Seven Rivers of Gondor.
The name is from an Elvish form, but Tolkien provided different explanations of the exact meaning and even languages used in the name, including Limlich, Limliht, Limlaith[18] and Limhîr.[19]{{Anchor|Lithir}}
M{{Anchor|Malduin}}
The Mindeb was the boundary between Dimbar (on the west) and Nan Dungortheb and the forest of Neldoreth (both on the east). Neldoreth was part of the realm of Doriath, so there the Mindeb formed the north-west sector of the Girdle of Melian. The Mindeb is mentioned in Quenta Silmarillion chapter 14.{{Anchor|Mitheithel}}
The Morthond was one of the Seven Rivers of Gondor. N{{Anchor|Narog}}
Into its western bank, just south of where the Ringwil rushed into the Narog, was carved the city of Nargothrond, stronghold of Finrod Felagund and then his brother Orodreth. During his time in Nargothrond, Túrin Turambar persuaded Orodreth to build a bridge over the Narog. He did, but it resulted in the downfall of Nargothrond as it provided a way for the dragon Glaurung to reach the city.{{Anchor|Nen Lalaith}}
O
P{{Anchor|Poros}}
About {{convert|400|mi|km}} long, it began in the Ephel Dúath of Mordor and then flowed south-west for about {{convert|300|mi|km}}, when it bent north and met the Anduin just before its delta. The Poros was crossed by the Harad Road at the Crossings of Poros. A battle was fought at the Crossings in {{ME-date|TA|2885}} between the forces of Gondor and Harad. The Gondorians, aided by a contingent from Rohan, were victorious, but the twin sons of Folcwine, 14th king of Rohan, were killed in the battle. They were buried near the crossings in a mound called Haudh in Gwanur.[21] R
The Ringló was one of the Seven Rivers of Gondor.{{Anchor|Ringwil}}
Where it met the Narog a secret door was built, which was used by Lúthien to escape from Nargothrond when Celegorm and Curufin held her prisoner.{{Anchor|Rivil}}
The river is mentioned twice in The Silmarillion. The first mention is in the chapter concerning Beren and Lúthien. Rivil's Well was where a camp was made by the Orcs that had killed Barahir, father of Beren. Beren attacked them there, taking back the Ring of Barahir before escaping again. The second mention is in the chapter concerning the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, where the valiant retreat of Húrin and Huor is described thus: "...foot by foot they withdrew, until they came behind the Fen of Serech, and had the stream of Rivil before them. There they stood and gave way no more."{{Anchor|Rushdown}}
S{{Anchor|Serni}}
The name is usually written Serni, although in the Preface to The Adventures of Tom Bombadil Tolkien spelt it Sernui. There he noted that the watercourse was one of the Seven Rivers of Gondor.{{Anchor|Seven Rivers}}
The Seven Rivers of Gondor were the rivers that flowed to the Sea in that kingdom. From west to east these were: Lefnui, Morthond-Ciril-Ringló, Gilrain-Serni, and Anduin.[23] Two of these, the Gilrain and Serni, were among the five rivers of Lebennin. In the First Age, the Seven Rivers of Ossir defined Ossiriand, a land in Beleriand on the western side of the Blue Mountains, where the sources of all seven rivers were located. The seven were the Gelion and six tributaries, which from north to south were: Ascar, Thalos, Legolin, Brilthor, Duilwen and Adurant. In The Lord of the Rings Treebeard reminisces on "the light and the music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir".{{Anchor|Shirebourn}}
The Shirebourn formed the southern boundary of the Eastfarthing; the Southfarthing lay on the other side of this boundary.{{Anchor|Silverlode}}
The Silverlode was called Celebrant in Sindarin and Kibil-nâla in Dwarvish. It also formed the northern boundary of the Field of Celebrant. Tolkien noted, "It is probable that the Dwarves actually found silver in the river".[24] In drafts of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien contemplated Zigilnâd as the Dwarvish name for the river.[25]{{Anchor|Sirannon}}
During the War of the Ring, the Company of the Ring found that the Gate Stream had been dammed by someone or something, and before the gates of Moria there was a foul lake where the Watcher in the Water dwelt.{{Anchor|Sirion}}
The Sirion's source was at Eithel Sirion (the Wells of Sirion); from there it flowed southwards along the eastern foot-hills of the Ered Wethrin, passing through the Fens of Serech before entering the valley between the Ered Wethrin and the Pass of Sirion. It then continued south into Beleriand, with the Forest of Brethil to the west, and Dimbar and then Doriath to the east. After leaving Doriath it ran through the Fens of Sirion and Aelin-uial before falling below ground in the Falls of Sirion at Andram (the Long Wall), where the ground fell steeply. Three leagues southwards the Sirion exited the caves at the Gates of Sirion. It then flowed southwards through Nan-tathren until it reached the Bay of Balar, part of Belegaer, at Ethir Sirion (the Mouths of Sirion). Barad Eithel, at the source of the Sirion, was a chief fortress of Fingolfin and his son Fingon. Further south, in the Pass of Sirion, lay Tol Sirion in the centre of the river. The Sirion essentially ran southwards, so its tributaries flowed in from the east (E) or west (W). Its direct tributaries were (beginning in the north): the Rivil (E), the Lithir (W), the Dry River (E), the Mindeb (E), the Teiglin (W), the Esgalduin (E), the Aros (E), and the Narog (W).{{Anchor|Sirith}}
The Snowbourn demarcated some of Rohan's regions: it separated the Eastfold and the West Emnet, and formed part of the boundary between the East-mark and the West-mark.{{Anchor|Stockbrook}}
T{{Anchor|Taeglin}}
An important ford on the river was the Crossings of Teiglin, near the western border of Brethil. A road ran through it from Nargothrond to Minas Tirith. Minor tributaries were the Celebros and Malduin. The river's banks near the Celebros were the scene of the encounter between Túrin Turambar and the dragon Glaurung. In the published Silmarillion and early writings, the river was called Teiglin. As revealed in The History of Middle-earth, the river's name should actually have been spelt Taeglin. This was a relatively late change which was not adopted by Christopher Tolkien in his published Silmarillion.{{Anchor|Thalos}}
W{{Anchor|The Water}}
The villages close to the river were Needlehole, Hobbiton, Bywater, Frogmorton and Whitfurrows. The Water had its own tributaries. One of these was a stream which flowed down from the Green Hill Country to the south,[26] used by Frodo in the early part of his journey.[27] Another tributary (possibly the Norbourn) ran from the Northfarthing and entered the Water at the Bywater Pool. The Water is the only watercourse of the Shire (or indeed of western Eriador) mentioned in The Hobbit.{{Anchor|Withywindle}}
In legends the stream was inhabited by nature-spirits, namely the River-woman and her daughter Goldberry. Bombadil discovered Goldberry in one of the river's pools, and they wed, living together in Bombadil's house. He regularly travelled along the Withywindle to gather flowers for her from her former aquatic home; she revisited during spring.[29] The river ecosystem of the Withywindle was diverse, as it had been virtually undisturbed by humans (or hobbits) for thousands of years. Animal life included a variety of birds (notably swans, kingfishers, willow-wrens, coots, dabchicks, and herons); mammals ('water-rats', badgers and otters); insects (bumblebees, butterflies, moths and flies) and fish. Willows were ubiquitous, but other plants included alders, briar-roses, forget-me-nots, buttercups (possibly Ranunculus arvensis), grass, reeds and water-lilies.[30] The valley of the Withywindle within the Old Forest was known as the Dingle.[31] It lay within the kingdom of Arnor, which claimed the royal prerogative of swan upping in the river.[32] However there is no evidence that the prerogative was ever exercised. The Withywindle figures primarily in The Fellowship of the Ring and the first two poems of The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. In The Fellowship of the Ring Frodo Baggins and his companions tried to avoid the river when attempting to traverse the Old Forest, having been warned against it by Merry. However they found that the forest appeared to channel them to the river. At first it appeared to be serene, but they had been lured into the clutches of Old Man Willow. Only the arrival of Bombadil enabled them to escape; then they followed Bombadil and the Withywindle upstream to the other side of the forest. Tom Shippey identified the Withywindle with the River Cherwell near Tolkien's home in Oxford.[33] Z
See also{{Portal|Middle-earth}}
References1. ^Robert Foster (1978), The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, Unwin Paperbacks p. 23; 2. ^{{cite book|author-first=Mark T. |author-last=Hooker |publisher=Llyfrawr |year=2014 |title=The Tolkienaeum |pages= 181–182}} 3. ^Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull (1995), Artist and Illustrator, HarperCollins, figure 160 p.165; {{ISBN|0-261-10322-9}} 4. ^Barbara Strachey (1981), Journeys of Frodo, Unwin Paperbacks, map 33, {{ISBN|0 04 912011 5}}. 5. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1967), Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings, published in Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull (2005), A Reader's Companion, HarperCollins, p.768, {{ISBN|0 00 720308 X}}. 6. ^A Tolkien Compass, ed. Jared Lobdell, pp. 183-84 (Chicago, Open Court Press, 1975) 7. ^Unfinished Tales, ed. Christopher Tolkien, p. 319) (mass market paperback ed. 1975) 8. ^{{ME-ref|The War of the Jewels|pp. 191, 336}} 9. ^ {{citeweb|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=3CwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=gladden+iris&source=bl&ots=Wub9Py0sHB&sig=bBWGa8qaKtURfUTSoIwFJaWEXpM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx4vXW6PTeAhUHK8AKHS4TAHEQ6AEwDnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=gladden%20iris&f=false |title=Flora of Middle Earth:Plants of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium; Walter S. Judd & Graham A. Judd |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=27 November 2018}} 10. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, 2nd edition (1966), George Allen & Unwin, book 1 ch. 2 p. 62; ISBN 0 04 23045 6 11. ^{{ME-ref|UT|History of Galadriel and Celeborn, Appendix D "The Port of Lond Daer"}} 12. ^{{ME-ref|Silm|"History of Galadriel and Celeborn"}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=iron |title=Iron |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |first=Douglas |last=Harper |authorlink=Douglas Harper |accessdate=17 September 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/i/isen.html|title=Isen |work=The Encyclopedia of Arda |publisher=Mark Fisher |date=25 February 2009 |accessdate=17 September 2012}} 15. ^Tolkien's map of Helm's Deep shows the Deeping-stream flowing away west towards the Isen: Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull (1995), Artist and Illustrator, HarperCollins, figure 160 p.165; {{ISBN|0-261-10322-9}} 16. ^The Return of the King, "The Grey Havens", p. 310. 17. ^The History of Middle-earth, vol. XII, "Of Dwarves and Men", p. 313. 18. ^Unfinished Tales, note 46 to "Cirion and Eorl". 19. ^{{ME-ref|WotJ}} 20. ^The Fellowship of the Ring, "Flight to the Ford". 21. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1955), The Return of the King, 2nd edition (1966), appendix A part I(iv) p. 335, part II p. 350, appendix B (Third Age) p. 369, and the map of Gondor; {{ISBN|0 04 823047 2}} 22. ^Tolkien, Christopher (1988, ed.), The Return of the Shadow (being volume 6 of The History of Middle-earth), Unwin Hyman, ch.XI p.205 footnote, {{ISBN|0-04-440162-0}}. 23. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1962), The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, Unwin Paperbacks (1975), Preface, p. 80 footnote 1; {{ISBN|0 04 823125 8}}; in this preface Tolkien used the spelling Kiril instead of Ciril, and Sernui instead of Serni. 24. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1989), The Treason of Isengard (volume 7 of The History of Middle-earth), Unwin Hyman, ch. VIII p.175 note 22 25. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1996), The Peoples of Middle-earth (volume 12 of The History of Middle-earth), Houghton Mifflin, part 1 ch. IX (iv) 'Durin's Folk p. 279; {{ISBN|0-395-82760-4}} 26. ^Barbara Strachey (1981), Journeys of Frodo, Unwin Paperbacks, map 1; {{ISBN|0 04 912011 5}}. 27. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, George Allen & Unwin, 2nd edition (1966), book 1 ch.3 p.82; {{ISBN|0 04 823045 6}}. 28. ^J. R. R. Tolkien (1967), Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings, published in Hammond, Wayne G. & Christina Scull (2005), A Reader's Companion, London: HarperCollins, p.779, {{ISBN|0 00 720308 X}} 29. ^Tolkien, J.R.R. (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, 2nd edition (1966), George Allen & Unwin, ch. VII p.137, {{ISBN|0 04 823045 6}} 30. ^Tolkien, J. R. R. (1962), The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, Unwin Paperbacks, poems 1 & 2; {{ISBN|0 04 823125 8}} 31. ^Tolkien, J. R. R. (1962), The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, Unwin Paperbacks, preface, p.80; {{ISBN|0 04 823125 8}} 32. ^Tolkien, J. R. R. (1962), 'Bombadil Goes Boating', in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, Unwin Paperbacks edition, George Allen & Unwin, poem II verse 18 ("...If one day the King returns"), p.93; {{ISBN|0 04 823125 8}} 33. ^Shippey, T. A. (2000), Author of the Century, Harper Collins, p.63, {{ISBN|0 261 10400 4}} External links
3 : Middle-earth rivers|Middle-earth lists|Lists of fictional locations |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。