| 词条 | Neukom Elfe | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Neukom Elfe is family of Swiss single-seat high-performance sailplane designs. The aircraft is a shoulder-wing cantilever monoplane with a wing made from a balsa and plywood sandwich covered in fiberglass and a fuselage built from plywood.[1] Design and developmentElfe and Elfe 2The first Elfe was a 9-metre wingspan glider that was designed by Swiss designer W. Pfenninger before World War II.[1] A new design was introduced by Pfenninger in 1947 and was named the Elfe 2. This was probably the first sailplane to feature a laminar flow airfoil. It crashed due to rudder flutter[1] PM-3The Elfe series was then taken over, improved and strengthened by the Swiss engineer Markwalder into a third prototype, called the Elfe PM-3.[1][2] The sole PM-3's construction was started in one factory, but finished in another. It was first flown in 1955 and then went into storage for three years. The aircraft is built from Swiss pine and birch plywood and has a 52.5 foot wingspan. The PM-3 has dive brakes and full-span flaps with aileron interconnects to the flaps. It originally had fixed landing gear, but has been retrofitted with retractable mainwheel.[2] It was retrieved from storage and flown in Europe by Rene Compte who brought it to compete in the U.S. Nationals at El Mirage, Arizona held in 1962. After the US Nationals the aircraft was not returned to Europe, but was sold, remained in the USA and registered as N6351U in the Experimental – Exhibition/Racing category.[2][3] In 1999 the PM-3 was sold again and moved to the United Kingdom.[4] Compte originally reported the glider as being very pleasant to fly, but it did not do well in weak soaring conditions. It performed well only in conditions of strong lift. The PM-3 has a glide ratio of 40:1.[2] Elfe M and S seriesAlbert Neukom then took over the design and developed the Elfe M, Elfe MN and the AN66.[1] The next in the line was the V-tailed Standard Elfe S-1, which first flew in 1964.[1] The second prototype, the S-2, was similar to the S-1, but had a conventional tail. The S-3 was the production version of the S-2 and was first flown in 1966 and entered production that same year. It had a cruciform tail, trailing edge airbrakes and a retractable main wheel.[1] In competition, a Standard Elfe that was flown by Markus Ritzi of Switzerland, placed second in the 1965 World Gliding Championships held at South Cerney, United Kingdom. United States pilot A.J. Smith finished first in the Standard Class at the 1968 World Gliding Championships held at Leszno, Poland in an S-3.[1] Variants
Pre-World War II prototype
1947 prototype
1955 prototype, competed in 1962 US Nationals
Early 1960s prototype
Early 1960s prototype
Early 1960s prototype
Sailplane with a V-tail
Sailplane with a conventional tail
Production version of the S-2 with cruciform tail
15 m wingspan
17 m wingspan Specifications (Elfe 15){{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=met |crew=1 |capacity= |length m=7.30 |length ft=23 |length in=11 |span m=15 |span ft=49 |span in=2 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m=1.80 |height ft=5 |height in=11 |wing area sqm=11.80 |wing area sqft=127 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio=19 |empty weight kg=230 |empty weight lb=507 |gross weight kg=350 |gross weight lb=772 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number= |eng1 type= |eng1 kw= |eng1 hp= |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=210 |max speed mph=131 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |sink rate ms=0.64 |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= List of gliders |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url = http://www.sailplanedirectory.com/PlaneDetails.cfm?planeID=97|title = Elfe S-3 Neukom|accessdate = 2008-09-05|last = Activate Media|authorlink = |year = 2006|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071116052102/http://www.sailplanedirectory.com/planedetails.cfm?PlaneID=97|archivedate = 2007-11-16|df = }} 2. ^1 2 3 Said, Bob: 1983 Sailplane Directory, Soaring Magazine, page 79. Soaring Society of America, November 1983. USPS 499–920 3. ^{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?verified=1&NNumbertxt=6351U|title = FAA Registry N-Number Inquiry Results|accessdate = 2008-09-05|last = Federal Aviation Administration|authorlink = |date=September 2008}} 4. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.sgolten.ch/uploads/media/Rhoenstei_2_2004_01.pdf|title = dr rhönstei|accessdate = 2008-10-18|last = Clubzeitschrift der Segelfluggruppe Olten|authorlink = |year = 2004}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url = http://www.mda.org.uk/aircraft/13730.htm|title = RAF Museum Aircraft Thesaurus|accessdate = 2008-09-06|last = Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum|authorlink = |year = 2005|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122161222/http://www.mda.org.uk/aircraft/13730.htm|archivedate = 2008-11-22|df = }}
External links{{commons category|Neukom Elfe}}
2 : Swiss sailplanes 1960–1969|Glider aircraft |
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