词条 | Neutrality (philosophy) |
释义 |
Neutrality is the tendency not to side in a conflict (physical or ideological),[1][2][3] which may not suggest neutral parties do not have a side or are not a side themselves. In colloquial use neutral can be synonymous with unbiased. However, bias is a favoritism for some side,[4][5] distinct of the tendency to act on that favoritism. Neutrality is distinct (though not exclusive) from apathy, ignorance, indifference, doublethink, equality,[6] agreement, and objectivity. Objectivity suggests siding with the more reasonable position (except journalistic objectivity), where reasonableness is judged by some common basis between the sides, such as logic (thereby avoiding the problem of incommensurability). Neutrality implies tolerance regardless of how disagreeable, deplorable, or unusual a perspective might be.[6] Advocating neutrality is neutral attitude.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In moderation and mediation, neutrality is often expected to make judgments or facilitate dialog independent of any bias, putting emphasis on the process rather than the outcome.[6] For example, a neutral-party is seen as a party with no (or a fully disclosed) conflict of interest in a conflict,[7] and is expected to operate as-if it has no bias. Neutral parties are often perceived as more trustworthy, reliable, and safe.[3][8] Alternative to acting without a bias, the bias of neutrality itself is the expectation upon the Swiss government (in armed neutrality),[9] and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (in non-interventionism).[3] Criticisms and viewsNeutrality implies not judging the validity of an opinion.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Thus, a neutral position will provide a platform for all opinions, including irrational or malicious ones.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In classical periods of enlightenment, neutrality has been looked down upon as a character vice, an escape from one's duty to think and to act,{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} as opposed to the modern trend of esteeming neutrality as a virtue.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} Other views include:
In popular culture
See also{{Portal|Philosophy}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/neutral|title=the definition of neutral|author=|date=|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} {{epistemology}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Neutrality (Philosophy)}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/neutrality|title=Definition of NEUTRALITY|author=|date=|website=www.Merriam-Webster.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.ifrc.org/en/who-we-are/vision-and-mission/the-seven-fundamental-principles/neutrality/|title=Neutrality - IFRC|author=|date=|website=www.IFRC.org|access-date=16 July 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bias|title=the definition of bias|author=|date=|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bias|title=Definition of BIAS|author=|date=|website=www.Merriam-Webster.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.asm.wisc.edu/viewpoint-neutrality-in-funding-decisions.html|title=Associated Students of Madison, Viewpoint Neutrality in Funding Decisions|author=|date=|website=Wisc.edu|access-date=16 July 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/neutral-party.html|title=What is neutral party? definition and meaning|author=|date=|website=BusinessDictionary.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emotional-neutrality.asp|title=Emotional Neutrality|first=Investopedia|last=Staff|date=21 May 2008|website=Investopedia.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/specials/switzerland_how_to/politics/Armed_neutrality.html?cid=29289102|title=Armed neutrality|author=|date=|website=SwissInfo.ch|access-date=16 July 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/w/woodrowwil401895.html|title=Woodrow Wilson Quotes|author=|date=|website=BrainyQuote.com|access-date=16 July 2017}} 11. ^"neutral, n. and adj.", B.I.3.b. OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2017, www.oed.com/view/Entry/126457. Accessed 14 October 2017 (1897 Whitaker's Almanack 644/1 [Association Football] "Neutral linesmen shall officiate in all games."). 8 : Epistemology|Philosophy of history|Logic|Ontology|Philosophy of science|Political philosophy|Bias|Censorship |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。