“Newark Bears (International League)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Newark Bears were a Minor League Baseball team in the International League, beginning in 1917 at the Double-A level. They played in the International League through the 1949 season, except for 1920 and part of the 1925 season.^[1]^[2] In the Bears' last four seasons in the International League (1946–1949), they were a Triple-A team, the highest classification in minor league baseball. They played their home games at Ruppert Stadium in what is now known as the Ironbound section of Newark; the stadium was demolished in 1967. The 1932, 1937, 1938, and 1941 Bears were recognized as being among the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.^[3]

Players in the Bears' early years who had Major League careers include Eddie Rommel, who pitched for the International League Newark Bears in 1918 and 1919.^[4] Harry Baldwin played three seasons for the Newark Bears (1921–1923) before playing for the New York Giants.^[5] Fred Brainard, who also played for the New York Giants 1914–1916, later played for the Newark Bears between 1922–1924 and was the Bears' player-manager in 1923 and 1924. Other former Major League players who managed the Newark Bears include Hall of Fame members Walter Johnson in 1928 and player-manager Tris Speaker in 1929–1930.^[6]

Newark was a hotbed of minor league baseball from the time of the formation of the Newark Indians in 1902, and the addition of the Newark Eagles of the Negro National Leagues in 1936. A Federal League team, the Newark Peppers, played in 1915.

in 1931 Jacob Ruppert bought the Newark Bears who played at Ruppert Stadium in Newark, New Jersey, and begin building the farm system for the Yankees.^[7] In 1937, as a farm club of the New York Yankees, the Bears featured one of the most potent lineups in baseball, including Charlie Keller, Joe Gordon, Spud Chandler and George McQuinn, among others. They won the pennant by 25½ games to become known as one of the greatest minor league teams of all time.^[8]^[9] Their legacy was ensured when, after trailing 3 games to 0, they won the last four games against the Columbus Red Birds of the American Association to capture the Junior World Series.

Following the 1949 season, the Bears moved to Springfield, Massachusetts. Their departure, and the departure of the Eagles a year before, left Newark without professional baseball for nearly 50 years, until the formation of the Atlantic League Bears (see above).

One of the Bears' players, veteran pitcher George Earl Toolson, was reassigned by the Yankees to the AA Binghamton Triplets for the 1950 season. He refused to report and sued, challenging baseball's reserve clause in Toolson v. New York Yankees, which went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. The justices upheld the clause and baseball's antitrust exemption, 7–2.

Season-by-season records

Post-season results

Titles

The Bears won the Governors' Cup, the championship of the IL, 4 times, and played in the championship series 7 times.

Other historical Newark teams

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Newark Bears–History|publisher=Newark Bears |url=http://newarkbears.com/?page_id=46 |accessdate=2013-07-09}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=International League history|publisher=Baseball-Reference.com|year=2013|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/league.cgi?code=IL&class=AAA|accessdate=2013-07-09}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.milb.com/milb/history/top100.jsp |title=Top 100 Teams |publisher=MiLB.com |date=2001 |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news|last=Klingman|first= Mike|title=This Week in Sports |work=The Baltimore Sun|date=July 8, 2013|page=2 Sports|quote=Eddie Rommel pitched the Newark Bears to an 11-5 victory over the Baltimore Orioles in an International League game on July 8, 1919.}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Harry Baldwin Minor League Statistics & History|publisher=Baseball-Reference.com|year=2013|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=baldwi001how |accessdate=2013-07-09}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Tris Speaker Signs to Manage Newark Team in Minor Loop |work=Washington Daily Reporter|date=November 12, 1928|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Vz5dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PFsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4087,704080&dq=tris+speaker+newark&hl=en|accessdate=2013-07-11}}
7. ^{{cite book |last=Mayer |first=Ronald A. |title=The 1937 Newark Bears: A Baseball Legend |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_1937_Newark_Bears.html?id=vZfgW4HGCa0C&redir_esc=y |isbn=978-0-8135-2153-4 |quote=Jacob Ruppert, owner of the New York Yankees, purchased the team from the newspaper publisher Paul Block in 1931. Mayer traces the Bears' exciting first five seasons under Ruppert and the building of a farm system that eventually produced the great Yankee ... sprinkled with some of the great names of the American pastime: Ed Barrow, Paul Kritchell, Al Mamaux, Red Rolfe, Babe Ruth, Shag Shaughnessey, Bob Shawkey, and George Weiss.}}
8. ^Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). The Great American Baseball Scrapbook, p. 100. Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-50253-1}}.
9. ^{{cite book |first=Mayer | last=Ronald |year=1994 |title=The 1937 Newark Bears: A Baseball Legend |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-2153-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZfgW4HGCa0C&lpg=PP1&dq=1937%20Newark%20Bears&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=Historical Newark Teams |work=Titans 101 |url=http://www.titans101.com/njpast.htm |accessdate=May 27, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427221508/http://www.titans101.com/njpast.htm |archivedate=April 27, 2006 |df= }}