| 词条 | New Castle Area School District |
| 释义 |
| name = New Castle Area School District | native_name = | latin_name = | image = Map of Lawrence County Pennsylvania School Districts.png | imagesize = 300 px | caption = | location = | streetaddress = 420 Fern Street | region = | city = New Castle | state = Pennsylvania | county = Lawrence County | zipcode = 16101-2596 | country = United States | coordinates = | schoolnumber = | schoolboard =9 locally elected members | district = | authority = | oversight = | affiliation = | superintendent = Mr. John Sarandrea | trustee = | founder = | specialist =Ambrosini, Joseph, business manager (salary in $98,145) | president = | head of school = | headteacher = | head_label =Supervisor | head =Mozzocio, John (salary $87,866 in 2012) | chairperson = | principal =Litrenta, Richard, SHS | principal1 =Morell, Carol, JHS | principal2 =Anderson, Joseph, INT | principal3 =Nocera, Carmen, ES | principal4 = | dean = | administrator =Terence P. Meehan, Administrative Assistant to the Superintendent Curriculum & Instruction (salary $114,277 in 2012) | director =Barber, Elizabeth, Director of Management Info Systems (salary $83,666 in 2012) | custodian = | staff = | ranking = | bar pass rate = | faculty = 237 in 2012[1] | teaching_staff = | roll = | MOE = | ceeb = | school code = | LEA = | ofsted = | testaverage = | testname = | national_ranking = | classes = | classes_offered = | avg_class_size = | ratio = | SAT = | ACT = | graduates = | gender = | lower_age =4 years old preschool | upper_age =21 years old Special Education students | houses = | schooltype = | fundingtype = | type = Public | system = | fees = | tuition = | revenue = | endowment = | budget =$43.5 million in 2012 [2] | products = | grades = Preschool - 12th | age range = | medium = | language = | classrooms = | campus = | campus size = | campus type = | hours_in_day = | athletics = | conference = | slogan = | song = | fightsong = | motto = | accreditation = | rival = | per pulicot = | mascot image = | sports = | patron = | team_name = | nickname = | colours = | colors = | yearbook = | publication = | newspaper = | spending = | opened = | established = | founded = | status = | closed = | students = | pupils = | alumni = | nobel_laureates = | enrollment = 3307 (2010-11) [3] | gradeK = 428 | grade1 = 259 | grade2 = 242 | grade3 = 237 | grade4 = 247 | grade5 = 226 | grade6 = 252 | grade7 = 235 | grade8 = 258 | grade9 = 264 | grade10 = 230 | grade11 = 184 | grade12 = 191 | grade13 = | other_grade_label = | other = Enrollment projected to decline to 3000 pupils in 2020[4] | communities = | feeders = | free_label =Per pupil spending | free_text =$12,035 in 2008 | free_label1 =per pupil spending | free_text1 =$12,511 in 2012 | free_label2 = | free_text2 = | free_label3 = | free_text3 = | free_label4 = | free_text4 = | free_label5 = | free_text5 = | footnotes = | picture = | homepage = http://www.ncasd.com }} New Castle Area School District is a public school district located in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. The district serves the city of New Castle and Taylor Township. New Castle Area School District encompasses approximately {{convert|13|sqmi|km2}}. According to 2007 local census data, it served a resident population of 26,464. The 2010 census found the population declined to 24,286 people.[5] In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $13,801, while the median family income was $33,004.[6] In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 [7] and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.[8] In the school year 2007-08, New Castle Area School District reported providing basic educational services to 3,430 pupils through the employment of: 263 teachers, 234 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 17 administrators. New Castle Area School District received more than $27.7 million in state funding in school year 2007-08. In the 1960s the District operated eight elementary schools serving a population of 9,000 students. New Castle Area School District operates: Croton Pre-Kindergarten, Harry W. Lockley Early Learning Center, George Washington Intermediate Elementary, and New Castle Junior/Senior High School. GovernanceNew Castle Area School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serves without compensation for a term of four years.), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[9] The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills. The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board. The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "C-" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.[10] Academic achievementNew Castle Area School District was ranked 459th out of 500 Pennsylvania school districts by the Pittsburgh Business Times in 2013.[11] The ranking was based on student academic achievement as demonstrated on the last three years of the PSSAs for: reading, writing, math and science.[12] The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th and the 11th grade in high school. Adapted examinations are given to children in the special education programs.
District AYP status historyIn 2012, New Castle Area School District declined to Warning AYP status due to missing academic metrics in reading and mathematics coupled with a low graduation rate.[16] In 2011, New Castle Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of Pennsylvania public school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.[17] New Castle Area School District achieved AYP status each year from 2006 to 2009. In 2007 the New Castle Area School District was in School Improvement status due to lagging student achievement, while in 2003 the District was in Warning status due to lagging student achievement.[18] Graduation rateIn 2012, New Castle Area School District's graduation rate was 82%.[19] In 2011, the graduation rate was 76%.[20] In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate. High School's rate was 73% for 2010.[21]
Junior Senior High SchoolNew Castle Junior Senior High School is located at 300 East Lincoln Avenue, New Castle. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 1,402 pupils in grades 7th through 12th, with 766 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch. New Castle Junior Senior High School is a federally designated Title I school wide. The school employed 99 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 14:1.[26] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 5 teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[27] In 2012, New Castle Junior Senior High School declined to Warning AYP status due to missing all 10 academic metrics and 2 out of 4 graduation metrics.[28] In 2011, New Castle Junior Senior High School achieved AYP status under the federal No Child :Left Behind Act.[29]
Science in Motion New Castle Junior Senior High School took advantage of a state program called Science in Motion which brought college professors and sophisticated science equipment to the school to raise science awareness and to provide inquiry-based experiences for the students. The Science in Motion program is funded by an annual state appropriation line item and costs the District nothing to participate.[46] George Washington Intermediate School and John F Kennedy Primary School also participated. The schools worked with Westminster College to provide the experiences. College remediation rateAccording to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 40% of the New Castle Junior Senior High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.[47] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.[48] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English. Dual enrollmentNew Castle Junior Senior High School offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offered a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.[49] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.[50] For the 2009-10 funding year, the New Castle Area School District received a state grant of $20,834 for the program.[51] In 2010, Governor Edward Rendell eliminated the grants to students, from the Commonwealth, due to a state budget crisis. SAT scoresIn 2012, 107 New Castle Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 427. The Math average score was 456. The Writing average score was 422. The statewide Verbal SAT exams results were: Verbal 491, Math 501, Writing 480. In the US, 1.65 million students took the exams achieving scores: Verbal 496, Math 514, Writing 488. According to the College Board the maximum score on each section was 800, and 360 students nationwide scored a perfect 2,400. In 2011, 120 New Castle Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 446. The Math average score was 446. The Writing average score was 424.[52] Pennsylvania ranked 40th among states with SAT scores: Verbal - 493, Math - 501, Writing - 479.[53] In the United States, 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 in writing.[54] AP coursesNew Castle Junior Senior High School offers: AP Calculus, AP Chemistry, AP English, AP U.S. History, AP Economics, and AP Biology. Students are encouraged, but not required to take the AP test in the spring. Graduation requirementsAmong Pennsylvania's 500 public school districts, graduation requirements widely vary. The New Castle Area School Board has determined that a pupil must earn 25.5 credits to graduate, including: a required class every year in math, English, social studies, science, Health/Physical Education/safety 2 credits, Assessment Prep 0.5 credits, Information Processing 0.5 credits and 6.5 credits in electives. Students must have earned 6 credits to be classified as sophomores.[55] By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students were required to complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[56] At New Castle Area School District the graduation project is elaborate, including: a series of career evaluations, writing a resume, a cover letter, a senior research paper, doing a job shadowing, and performing community service. Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.[57] By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2017, public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the Keystone Exams.[58][59][60] For the class of 2019, a composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam will be added to the graduation requirements.[61] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 38% on grade level, Biology 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.[62] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their IEP. Junior high school
Elementary schoolsGeorge Washington Intermediate School is located at 101 East Euclid Avenue, New Castle. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 712 pupils in grades third through 6th, with 490 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 54 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.[68] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[69] In 2012, George Washington Intermediate School declined to Warning AYP status due to missing 6 out of 10 academic metrics measured. In 2011, George Washington Intermediate School achieved AYP status.[70] The attendance rate was 92% in both 2011 and 2012.
John F. Kennedy Primary School is located at 326 Laurel Blvd, New Castle. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 282 pupils in grades 1st through 3rd, with 169 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school is a federally designated Title I school. The school employed 21 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1.[72] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[73] In 2012, John F. Kennedy Primary School declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging reading achievement. In 2011, John F. Kennedy Primary School achieved AYP status.[74] The attendance rate was 93% in 2012. {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
Thaddeus Stevens Primary School is located at 831 Harrison Street, New Castle. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 265 pupils in grades first through 3rd, with 181 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school is a federally designated Title I school. The school employed 19 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 14:1.[76] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[77] In both 2011 and 2012, Thaddeus Stevens Primary School achieved AYP status under No Child Left Behind.[78][79] The attendance rate was 93% in 2012. {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
West Side Primary School is located at 708 West Washington Street, New Castle. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 195 pupils in grades first through 3rd, with 160 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school is a federally designated Title I school. The school employed 19 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 10:1.[80] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[81] In 2011 and 2012, West Side Primary School achieved AYP status.[82] The attendance rate was 92% in 2012. {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
Special educationIn December 2010, New Castle Area School District administration reported that 600 pupils or 17.5% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 36.8% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[87] In December 2009, the District administration reported that 600 pupils or 17.3% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 37.5% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. Special education services in the Commonwealth are provided to students from ages three years to 21 years old. In the 2010-11 school year, the total student enrollment was more than 1.78 million students with approximately 275,000 students eligible for special education services. Among these students 18,959 were identified with mental retardation and 21,245 students with autism.[88] The largest group of students are identified as Specific Learning Disabilities 126,026 students (46.9 percent) and Speech or Language Impairments with 43,542 students (16.2 percent). In order to comply with state and federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act rules and regulations, the school district engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress .[89] To identify students who may be eligible for special education services, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Special Education administration. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the district's Special Education Department.[90][91] In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.[92] The Special Education funding structure is through the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) funds and state appropriations. IDEA funds are appropriated to the state on an annual basis and distributed through intermediate units (IUs) to school districts, while state funds are distributed directly to the districts. Total funds that are received by school districts are calculated through a formula. The Pennsylvania Department of Education oversees four appropriations used to fund students with special needs: Special Education; Approved Private Schools; Pennsylvania Chartered Schools for the Deaf and Blind; and Early Intervention. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district's students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student's needs accrue the same level of costs.[93] Over identification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.[94] The state requires each public school district and charter school to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.[95] In 2012, the Obama Administration's US Department of Education issued a directive that schools include students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, including sports.[96] New Castle Area School District received a $2,439,291 supplement for special education services in 2010.[97] For the 2011–12 and 2012-13 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010-11. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.[98][99] Gifted educationNew Castle Area School District Administration reported that 41 or 1.22% of its students were gifted in 2009. The highest percentage of gifted students reported among all 500 school districts and 100 public charter schools in Pennsylvania was North Allegheny School District with 15.5% of its students identified as gifted.[100] By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student's building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.[101][102][103] Wellness policyNew Castle Area School Board established a district wellness policy in June 2006.[104] The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The district commits to providing Kindergarten students with 70 minutes of physical activity per week; first through sixth grade students with 35 minutes of physical activity per week; seventh through twelfth grade students with 115 minutes of physical activity per week. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 – 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006." Most districts identified the superintendent and school foodservice director as responsible for ensuring local wellness policy implementation.[105] The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, campus food provision, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus.[106] The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval. New Castle Area School District offers a free school breakfast and free or reduced-price lunch to low-income children. The program is funded with federal dollars through the United States Department of Agriculture.[107] School safety and bullyingNew Castle Area School District administration reported there were 14 incidents of bullying in the district in 2012 [108] Additionally, there were 13 incidents of assaults on students, while 16 fights were reported. Each year the school safety data is reported by the district to the Safe School Center which publishes the reports online. New Castle Area School Board has provided the district's anti bullying policy online - Prohibiting Bullying, Harassment and intimidation Policy 249.[109] All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the District must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.[110] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.[111][112] Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.[113] BudgetPennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by local school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1. The final budget is submitted to the PDE for documentation and data collection each year. Under Pennsylvania's Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.[114] In 2011, New Castle Area School District employed 264 teachers and administrators. The average teacher salary in New Castle Area School District was $58,221.47 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers receive was $18,242.27 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $76,463.74.[115] According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers’ total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits that teachers receive are not accounted for in many studies of compensation, including: pension, retiree health benefits and job security.[116] In 2009, New Castle Area School District reported employing 282 teachers and administrators with a median salary of $60,008 and a top salary of $131,475.[117] The teacher's work day is 7 hours and 15 minutes at the Junior Senior High School and 6 hours 45 minutes at the elementary schools; with 185 days in the contract year. Teachers receive a 30-minute duty-free lunch and a daily preparation period. Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, professional development reimbursement, 1 paid personal day, 12 paid sick days, 5 paid funeral days, Election day leave, and other benefits.[118] Additionally, teacher and administrator retirees receive district-funded health insurance at no cost to them. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living, Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.[119][120] Teachers who take a leave to conduct union business continue to get full benefits paid for by the taxpayers. They also accrue seniority as though they were working in the district. The local American Federation of Teachers president is facilitated to conduct union business during the regular school hours. Teachers who serve special education students receive a $300 annual bonus. New Castle Area School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $845.30 per pupil. This was among the top 30% in Pennsylvania ranking 140th The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[121] The Pennsylvania School Boards Association collects and maintains statistics on salaries of public school district employees in Pennsylvania, including administrators. The District has experienced steadily declining enrollment from a high of 3,642 pupils in 2006-07; calling into question the number of administrators. Per pupil spending In 2008, New Castle Area School District administration reported that per pupil spending was $12,035. In 2010 the per pupil spending had increased to $12,511.[122] Among the states, Pennsylvania's total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.[123] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was $12,759.[124] The U.S. Census Bureau reports that Pennsylvania spent $8,191 per pupil in school year 2000-01.[125]Reserves In 2008, New Castle Area School District reported a balance of $4,438,562 in its unreserved-designated fund. The unreserved-undesignated fund balance was reported as $3,200,000. [126] In 2010, New Castle Area Administration reported $3,200,000 in the unreserved-undesignated fund balance. The District reported an increase to $4,927,354 in its unreserved-designated fund in 2010. Pennsylvania public school district reserve funds are divided into two categories – designated and undesignated. The undesignated funds are not committed to any planned project. Designated funds and any other funds, such as capital reserves, are allocated to specific projects. School districts are required by state law to keep 5 percent of their annual spending in the undesignated reserve funds to preserve bond ratings. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2003 to 2010, as a whole, Pennsylvania school districts amassed nearly $3 billion in reserved funds.[127]In August 2010, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the District. The findings were reported to the School Board and the District's administration.[128] Tuition Students who live in the New Castle Area School District's attendance area may choose to attend one of Pennsylvania's 157 public charter schools. A student living in a neighboring public school district or a foreign exchange student may seek admission to New Castle Area School District. For these cases, the Pennsylvania Department of Education sets an annual tuition rate for each school district. It is the amount the public school district pays to a charter school for each resident student that attends the charter and it is the amount a nonresident student's parents must pay to attend the District's schools. The 2012 tuition rates are Elementary School - $7,480.96, High School - $8,617.77.[129]New Castle Area School District is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax and net profits tax rate 0.5%,[130] a property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government.[131] Interest earnings on accounts also provide nontax income to the district. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the level of the individual's personal wealth.[132] State basic education fundingFor the 2012-13 school year, New Castle Area School District received $21,849,382.[133] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block grant program. New Castle Area School District received $342,157 in Accountability Block grant funding. The state also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.[134] In 2011-12, New Castle Area School District received a $21,507,225 allocation, of state Basic Education Funding.[135][136] Additionally, New Castle Area School District received $342,158 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The enacted Pennsylvania state Education budget included $5,354,629,000 for the 2011-2012 Basic Education Funding appropriation. This amount was a $233,290,000 increase (4.6%) over the enacted State appropriation for 2010-2011.[137] The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District, which got a 49% increase in state funding for 2011-12.[138] In 2010, the district reported that 2,169 students received free or reduced-price lunches, due to the family meeting the federal poverty level.[139] In the 2010-11 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 6.51% increase in Basic Education Funding (BEF) for a total of $23,734,379 to New Castle Area School District . New Castle Area School District received the highest increase in BEF among the districts in Lawrence County. In 2010-11 the District received 65% of its annual funding from the Commonwealth. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.[140] The state's hold harmless policy regarding state basic education funding continued where each district received at least the same amount as it received the prior school year, even when enrollment had significantly declined. The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward Rendell and then Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. This was the second year of Governor Rendell's policy to fund some districts at a far greater rate than others.[141] In the 2009-2010 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.60% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $22,282,350. Among the districts in Lawrence County, the highest increase went to Wilmington Area School District which got a 4.36%. In 2010-11 the District received 62% of its annual funding from the Commonwealth. Ninety school Pennsylvania public school districts received a 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009.[142] The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward G. Rendell and the Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal.[143] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania spent $7,824 Per Pupil in the year 2000. This amount increased up to $12,085 by the year 2008.[144][145] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 1,880 New Castle Area School District students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007–08 school year.[146] The state Basic Education Funding to the district in 2008-09 was $4,787,151.79. This was 66.81% of the New Castle Area School District funding coming from the Commonwealth. Local sources contributed 25% of annual revenues.[147] Accountability Block GrantsBeginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania's school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For 2010-11, the district applied for and received $928,701 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district uses the funding to provide prekindergarten for 120 children beginning in 2003. It also uses the funding to provide tutoring before and after school.[148][149] Classrooms for the Future grantThe Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006 to 2009. New Castle Area School District was denied funding in 2006-07. In 2007-08, the school received $281,053. Finally, New Castle Area School District received $50,752 in 2008-09 for a total funding of $331,805.[150] In Lawrence County the highest award was given to New Castle Area School District. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. In 2010, Classrooms for the Future funding was curtailed statewide due to a massive state financial crisis. Science It’s Elementary grantGeorge Washington Intermediate School successfully applied to participate and received a Science It's Elementary grant in 2008-09. For the 2008-09 school year, the program was offered in 143 schools reaching 2,847 teachers and 66,973 students across Pennsylvania.[151] In 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Education initiated an effort to improve science instruction in the Commonwealth's public elementary schools. Called Science: It's Elementary, the program is a hands on instruction approach for elementary science classes that develops problem-solving and critical thinking skills.[152] To encourage schools to adopt the program's standards aligned curriculum, the state provided a grant to cover the costs of materials and extensive mandatory teacher training.[153] The district was required to develop a three-year implementation plan for the participating school. They had to appoint a district liaison who was paid $3000 by PDE to serve as the conduit of all information between the district and the Department and its agents along with submitting orders and distributing supplies to implementing teachers. For the 2006-07 state education budget, $10 million was allocated. The 2006-07 State Education Budget provided $635 million in new spending for pre-K through 12th grades for the 2006-07 school year. This marks an 8-percent increase over 2005-06 public school funding.[154] The grant program was expanded to $14.5 million in the 2008-09 budget. The grant was discontinued in 2010 by Governor Rendell due to a massive state budget crisis. Other grantsNew Castle Area School District did not participate in: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Environmental Education grants, Education Assistance Grants, 2012 Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant, nor the 21st Century learning grants. Federal Stimulus grantNew Castle Area School District received an extra $8,754,072 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.[155][156] The funding was limited to the 2009–10 and 2010-2011 school years.[157] Due to the temporary nature of the funding, public school districts were repeatedly advised by the state General Assembly and Pennsylvania Secretary of Education to use the funds for one-time expenditures like: acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software. Race to the Top grantNew Castle Area School District officials did not apply for the federal Race to the Top grant which would have provided over one million dollars in additional federal funding to improve student academic achievement.[158] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.[159] Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[160][161][162] Common Cents state initiativeNew Castle Area School Board elected to participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program.[163] The program called for the state to audit the District, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the District could save tax dollars by rethinking administrative and transportation functions.[164] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes. Real estate taxesProperty tax rates in 2012-13 were set by the school board at 17.2700 mills. A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region.[165] Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and government property. Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.[166] When the school district includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties.[167] In 2010, miscalculations by the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school districts, including those that did not cross county borders.[168]
The average yearly property tax paid by Lawrence County residents amounts to about 2.94% of their yearly income. Lawrence County ranked 636th of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.[176] According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09 and to $11,153,412,490 in 2011.[177] Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[178] Act 1 Adjusted IndexThe Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not permitted to raise property taxes above their annual Index unless they either: allow voters to vote by referendum or they receive an exception from the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The base index for the school year is published by the PDE in the fall of each year. Each individual school district's Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as local property values and the personal income of district residents. Originally, Act 1 or 2006 included 10 exceptions: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[179] In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly eliminated six exceptions to the Act 1 Index.[180] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school's share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.[181][182] The School District Adjusted Index for the New Castle Area School District 2006-2007 through 2011-2012.[183] {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
For the 2012-13 budget year, New Castle Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.[186] For the 2011-12 school year, the New Castle Area School Board did not apply for an exception to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year, the New Castle Area School Board has the option of adopting either 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index. A specific timeline for these decisions is published annually, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.[187] According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district's index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.[188] Property tax reliefIn 2012, New Castle Area School District approved homestead residents received $224.[189] In 2010, property tax relief for 5,357 approved residents of Area School District was set at $221.[190] In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Area School District was also $224 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 5,288 property owners applied for the tax relief. In Lawrence County, the highest tax relief goes to New Castle Area School District which was set at $224.[191] The highest property tax relief, among Pennsylvania school districts, went to the homesteads of Chester Upland School District of Delaware County which received $632 per approved homestead in 2010. Chester-Upland School District has consistently been the top recipient since the programs inception.[192] The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=pre|contiguous}} and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Lawrence County, just 51.25% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009. This was among the lowest participation rates in Pennsylvania.[193] EnrollmentAccording to Pennsylvania Department of Education enrollment reports, there were 3,353 students enrolled in K-12 in 2009–10 school year at New Castle Area School District. There were 221 students in the Class of 2009. The district's class of 2011 had 183 students. Enrollment is projected to decline to 3,005 students, with a senior class of 162 pupils, by the year 2019-20.[194] Enrollment is steadily declining in the school district. Consolidation of several elementary schools is planned for the 2013-14 school year. In 2008, New Castle Area School District administrative costs were $845.30 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[195] A study of Pennsylvania public school spending, conducted by Standard and Poor's, examined the consolidation of small public school district administration with neighboring districts: The study found that consolidation of the administration with an adjacent school district would achieve substantial administrative cost savings which varied by district.[196] According to a 2009 school district administration consolidation proposal by Governor Edward Rendell, the excessive administrative overhead dollars could be redirected to improve lagging academic achievement, to enrich the academic programs or to reduce property taxes.[197] Consolidation of two central administrations into one would not require the closing of any schools. The Governor's proposal called for the savings to be redirected to improving lagging reading and science achievement, to enriching the academic programs or to reducing residents' property taxes.[198] Over the decade 2000-10, rural Pennsylvania public school district enrollment decreased 8 percent.[199] As the enrollment declined, per pupil administrative costs of the schools continue to rise. In March 2011, the Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants released a report finding that the state would save hundreds of millions of tax dollars, by cutting the number of school administrations in half through consolidation, with no impact on programs offered to students.[200] The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the nation. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. This results in excessive school administration bureaucracy and not enough course diversity.[201] In a survey of 88 superintendents of small districts, 42% of the 49 respondents stated that they thought consolidation would save money without closing any schools.[202] ExtracurricularsNew Castle Area School District offers an extensive and costly sports program. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and PIAA regulations. It does not offer any clubs or have plans to do so. By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students residing in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[203] SportsThe District funds: {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
According to PIAA directory July 2012 [204] References1. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data - New Castle Area School District, 2012 {{coord|41.007|-80.322|type:edu_globe:earth_region:US-PA|display=title}}2. ^New Castle Area School Administration, New Castle Area School District Newsletter, Spring 2012 3. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Enrollment and Projections by LEA, 2011 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/enrollment/7407/public_school_enrollment_reports/620541 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Enrollment and Projections by school district |date=July 2011}} 5. ^US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Poverty Data by Local Educational Agency, 2011 6. ^US Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, 2009 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42000.html |author=US Census Bureau |title=American Fact Finder, State and County quick facts |year=2010}} 8. ^{{cite web |url= 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Business Times |date=April 5, 2013}} 13. ^Pittsburgh Business Times, Statewide Honor Roll Rankings 2012, April 4, 2012 14. ^Pittsburgh Business Times, Statewide Honor Roll Rankings 2008, May 2008 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wtae.com/education/13346734/detail.html |title=Three of top school districts in state hail from Allegheny County |publisher=Pittsburgh Business Times |date=May 23, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122159/http://www.wtae.com/education/13346734/detail.html |archivedate=July 18, 2011 |df= }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://paayp.emetric.net/District/Overview/c37/104375302 |title=New Castle Area School District AYP overview 2012 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 21, 2012}} 17. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania Public School District AYP History, 2011 18. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania District AYP History 2003-2010, 2011 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://paayp.emetric.net/District/DataTable/c37/104375302 |title=New Castle Area School District AYP Data Table 2012 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 21, 2012}} 20. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, New Castle Area School District AYP Data Table 2011, September 29, 2011 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.education.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_department_of_education/7237/info/757639 |title=New 4-year Cohort Graduation Rate Calculation Now Being Implemented |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=March 15, 2011}} 22. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, New Castle Area School District Academic Achievement Report Card Data table 2010, October 20, 2010 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://thetimes-tribune.com/news/pa-school-district-statistical-snapshot-database-2008-09-1.864368?appSession=021261913248552&RecordID=&PageID=2&PrevPageID=1&cpipage=2&CPISortType=&CPIorderBy= |title=PA School District Statistical Snapshot Database 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Education, New Castle Junior Senior High School Academic Report Card 2011, September 29, 2011 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442/2011-2012_pssa_and_ayp_results/1235182 |title=2011-2012 PSSA and AYP Results |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 29, 2012}} 31. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442 |title=2010-2011 PSSA and AYP Results |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 29, 2011}} 32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442 |title=2009-2010 PSSA and AYP Results |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2010}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://thetimes-tribune.com/data-center/grading-our-schools#axzz1AEtaWzpF |title=Grading Our Schools database, 2009 PSSA results |author=The Times-Tribune |date=September 14, 2009}} 34. ^{{cite web 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Achievement Report Card 2009, September 14, 2009 40. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, New Castle Junior Senior High School Academic Achievement Report Card 2008, August 15, 2008 41. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, New Castle Junior Senior High School Academic Achievement Report Card, 2007 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://paayp.emetric.net/Content/reportcards/RC12S104375302000002704.PDF |title=New Castle Junior Senior High School Academic Achievement Report Card 2012 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 21, 2012}} 43. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442 |title=2010-2011 PSSA results in Science |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 29, 2011}} 44. ^{{cite web |url=http://thetimes-tribune.com/data-center/grading-our-schools#axzz1AEtaWzpF |title=Grading Our Schools database, 2009 Science PSSA results |author=The Times-Tribune |year=2009}} 45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442/2007-2008_pssa_and_ayp_results/507514 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Report on PSSA Science results by school and grade 2008 |year=2008}} 46. ^The Pennsylvania Basic Education/Higher Education Science and Technology Partnership, Science in Motion annual report, 2012 47. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/18999134/College-Remediation-Report |title=Pennsylvania College Remediation Report, |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=January 20, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211094208/http://www.scribd.com/doc/18999134/College-Remediation-Report |archivedate=December 11, 2013 |df= }} 48. ^National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 2008 49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/dual_enrollment/18126 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Dual Enrollment Guidelines |year=2010}} 50. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.patrac.org/ |title=Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement |author=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania |date=March 2010}} 51. ^{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B_scmN--D7LbNmQ5ZGUyMGQtZWQ4Ni00NTkyLWEwZTYtMjY3Y2IyNWZjYjNk&hl=en |title=Pennsylvania Dual Enrollment Allocations to school districts for 2010-11 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2009}} 52. ^{{cite web |url=http://pa.gov/portal/server.pt/community/data_and_statistics/7202/sat_and_act_scores/674663 |title=Public School SAT Scores 2011 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015105956/http://pa.gov/portal/server.pt/community/data_and_statistics/7202/sat_and_act_scores/674663 |archivedate=2011-10-15 |df= }} 53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.commonwealthfoundation.org/policyblog/detail/sat-scores-by-state-2011 |title=SAT Scores State By State - Pennsylvania |author=College Board |date=September 2011}} 54. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/09/while_us_sat_scores_dip_across.html |title=While U.S. SAT scores dip across the board, N.J. test-takers hold steady |work=NJ.com |date=September 2011}} 55. ^New Castle Junior Senior High School Administration, Program of Studies and Course Guide 2013-2014, 2013 56. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/022/chapter4/s4.24.html |title=Pennsylvania Code §4.24 (a) High school graduation requirements |author=Pennsylvania State Board of Education}} 57. ^Pennsylvania State Board of Education, Proposed changes to Chapter 4, May 10, 2012 58. ^{{cite web |url=http://static.pdesas.org/Content/Documents/Keystone_Exam_Program_Overview.pdf |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |title=Keystone Exam Overview |year=2010}} 59. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pdesas.org/module/assessment/Keystone.aspx |title=Pennsylvania Keystone Exams Overview |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |date=September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317221759/http://www.pdesas.org/module/assessment/Keystone.aspx |archivedate=2012-03-17 |df= }} 60. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol40/40-2/56.html |title=Rules and Regulation Title 22 PA School Code CH. 4 |author=Pennsylvania State Board of Education |year=2010}} 61. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, State Board of Education Finalizes Adoption of Pennsylvania Common Core State Academic Standards and High School Graduation Requirements, March 14, 2013 62. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/keystone_exams/20436 |title=Keystone Exams |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2011}} 63. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsinteractive.post-gazette.com/PSSA/2012/ |title=How is your school doing? |author=Pittsburgh Post Gazette |date=October 15, 2012}} 64. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442/2008-2009_pssa_and_ayp_results/600286 |title=2009 PSSAs: Reading, Math, Writing and Science Results |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education |year=2009}} 65. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education Report |title=Science PSSA 2010 by Schools |date=August 2010}} 66. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442/2008-2009_pssa_and_ayp_results/600286 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education Report |title=Science PSSA 2009 by Schools |date=August 2009}} 67. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_assessments/7442/2007-2008_pssa_and_ayp_results/507514 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education Report |title=Science PSSA 2008 by Schools |date=August 15, 2008}} 68. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Common Care Data – George Washington Intermediate School, 2011 69. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, Professional Qualifications of Teachers George Washington Intermediate School, September 29, 2011 70. ^Pennsylvania Department of Education, George Washington Intermediate School AYP Overview 2012, September 21, 2012 71. ^{{cite web |url=http://paayp.emetric.net/Content/reportcards/RC12S104375302000007164.PDF |title=George Washington Intermediate School Academic Achievement Report Card 2012 |author=Pennsylvania Department of Education, |date=September 21, 2012}} 72. ^National Center for Education Statistics, Common Care Data – John F. 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|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327030842/http://projects.mcall.com/school_consolidation/state/county/0/9/ |archivedate=2012-03-27 |df= }} 196. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/27657610/Pennsylvania-Legislative-Budget-and-Finance-Committee-Public-School-Consolidation |author1=Pennsylvania Legislative Budget |author2=Finance Committee |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Study of the Cost-Effectiveness of Consolidating Pennsylvania School Districts |year=2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019041323/https://www.scribd.com/doc/27657610/Pennsylvania-Legislative-Budget-and-Finance-Committee-Public-School-Consolidation |archivedate=2014-10-19 |df= }} 197. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/32762048/School-District-Consolidation-Fact-Sheet |title=2009–10 Executive Budget Facts Pennsylvania School District Consolidation, |author1=Edward Rendell |author2=Governor and Mary Soderberg |author3=Secretary of the Budget. |date=February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019041422/https://www.scribd.com/doc/32762048/School-District-Consolidation-Fact-Sheet |archivedate=2014-10-19 |df= }} 198. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2009/02/rendell_calls_for_consolidatio.html |author=Murphy, Jan, |title=Rendell calls for consolidation of state school districts, |publisher=The Patriot News |date=February 4, 2009}} 199. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rural.palegislature.us/school_enrollment_build_cap.pdf |title=Research Analyzes Rural School District Enrollment and Building Capacity |author=The Center for Rural Pennsylvania. |date=October 2009}} 200. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.picpa.org/Content/Files/Documents/Advocacy/FRTF%20Final%20Report%201_12_11.pdf |title=Report of the Fiscal Responsibility Task Force |author=Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants |date=January 2011}} 201. ^2009–10 Executive Budget Fast Facts. Pennsylvania Office of the Governor 202. ^{{cite web |url=http://lbfc.legis.state.pa.us/reports.cfm |title=Study of the cost-effectiveness of consolidating Pennsylvania districts Part 1 |author=Standard & Poor's School Evaluation Services. |year=2007}} 203. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pennsylvania-governor-rendell-says-home-schooled-children-can-participate-in-school-district-extracurricular-activities-55536207.html |title=Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities |author=Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release |date=November 10, 2005}} 204. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.piaa.org/schools/directory/default.aspx |title=PIAA School Directory |author=Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletics Association |year=2012}} 2 : School districts in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania|New Castle, Pennsylvania |
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