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词条 List of national parks of Japan
释义

  1. History

  2. Protection status

  3. List of National Parks

      Hokkaidō    Tōhoku    Kantō    Chūbu    Kansai    Chūgoku and Shikoku    Kyūshū  

  4. List of Quasi-National Parks

      Hokkaidō    Tōhoku    Kantō    Chūbu    Kansai    Chūgoku and Shikoku    Kyūshū  

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{nihongo|National Parks|国立公園|Kokuritsu Kōen}} and {{nihongo|Quasi-National Parks|国定公園|Kokutei Kōen}} in Japan are places of scenic beauty designated for protection and sustainable usage by the Minister of the Environment under the {{nihongo|Natural Parks Law|自然公園法}} of 1957.[1] National Parks are designated and in principle managed by the Ministry of the Environment. Quasi-National Parks, of a slightly lesser beauty, size, diversity, or state of preservation, are recommended for ministerial designation and managed by the Prefectures under the supervision of the Ministry.[2]

History

Japan established its first {{nihongo|kōen|公園}} or public parks in 1873 (Asakusa Park, Asukayama Park, Fukagawa Park, Shiba Park, and Ueno Park). In 1911 local citizens petitioned that the shrines and forests of Nikkō be placed under public protection. In 1929 the National Parks Association was formed. In 1931 the first {{nihongo|National Parks Law|国立公園法}} was passed. After much study and survey, in March 1934 the first parks were established — Setonaikai, Unzen and Kirishima — with five more in December and a further four two years later. Three further parks were established under the old National Parks Law, in colonial Taiwan in 1937: the Tatun National Park (the smallest in Japan); Tsugitaka-Taroko National Park, (the largest); and Niitaka-Arisan National Park (with the highest mountain in then Japan).[3]

Ise-Shima was the first to be created after the war, and a further seven had been added by 1955.

In 1957 the Natural Parks Law replaced the earlier National Parks Law, allowing for three categories: the National, Quasi-National, and Prefectural Natural Parks. With minor amendments this established the framework that operates today.[4][5]

As of 1 April 2014, there were 31 National Parks and 56 Quasi-National Parks, with the National Parks covering 20,996 km² (5.6% of the land area) and the Quasi-National Parks 13,592 km² (3.6% of the land area). In addition, there were 314 Prefectural Parks covering 19,726 km² (5.2% of the land area).[6] On 27 March 2015, the 32nd National Park was established, Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park,[7] on 15 September 2016, the 33rd, Yanbaru National Park, and on 7 March 2017, the 34th, Amami Guntō National Park, subsuming Amami Guntō Quasi-National Park.[8][9] On 25 March 2016, a further Quasi-National Park was established, Kyoto Tamba Kogen Quasi-National Park.[10]

Protection status

The area of each National and Quasi-National Park is divided into ordinary, special and marine park zones. Special zones are further subdivided into special protection and class I, II, and III special zones, restricting access and use for preservation purposes. The state owns only approximately half of the land in the parks.[11]

{{Col-begin}}{{Col-break}}

List of National Parks

Hokkaidō

  • Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park
  • Shiretoko National Park
  • Daisetsuzan National Park
  • Akan National Park
  • Kushiro Shitsugen National Park
  • Shikotsu-Tōya National Park

Tōhoku

  • Towada-Hachimantai National Park
  • Sanriku Fukkō National Park (formerly Rikuchū Kaigan National Park)
  • Bandai-Asahi National Park

Kantō

  • Nikkō National Park
  • Oze National Park
  • Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park
  • Jōshinetsu Kogen National Park
  • Ogasawara National Park
  • Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park

Chūbu

  • Chūbu-Sangaku National Park
  • Hakusan National Park
  • Minami Alps National Park
  • Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park

Kansai

  • Ise-Shima National Park
  • Yoshino-Kumano National Park

Chūgoku and Shikoku

  • Sanin Kaigan National Park
  • Daisen-Oki National Park
  • Setonaikai National Park
  • Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park

Kyūshū

  • Saikai National Park
  • Unzen-Amakusa National Park
  • Aso-Kujū National Park
  • Kirishima-Kinkōwan National Park
  • Yakushima National Park
  • Amami Guntō National Park
  • Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park
  • Kerama Shotō National Park
  • Yanbaru National Park
{{Col-break}}

List of Quasi-National Parks

Hokkaidō

  • Abashiri Quasi-National Park
  • Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park
  • Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Ōnuma Quasi-National Park
  • Shokanbetsu-Teuri-Yagishiri Quasi-National Park

Tōhoku

  • Shimokita Hantō Quasi-National Park
  • Tsugaru Quasi-National Park
  • Hayachine Quasi-National Park
  • Kurikoma Quasi-National Park
  • Minami-Sanriku Kinkazan Quasi-National Park
  • Zaō Quasi-National Park
  • Oga Quasi-National Park
  • Chōkai Quasi-National Park

Kantō

  • Suigō-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park
  • Minami Bōsō Quasi-National Park
  • Meiji no Mori Takao Quasi-National Park
  • Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park

Chūbu

  • Echigo Sanzan-Tadami Quasi-National Park
  • Myōgi-Arafune-Saku Kōgen Quasi-National Park
  • Sado-Yahiko-Yoneyama Quasi-National Park
  • Noto Hantō Quasi-National Park
  • Echizen-Kaga Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park
  • Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park
  • Ibi-Sekigahara-Yōrō Quasi-National Park
  • Hida-Kisogawa Quasi-National Park
  • Aichi Kōgen Quasi-National Park
  • Mikawa Wan Quasi-National Park

Kansai

  • Suzuka Quasi-National Park
  • Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Park
  • Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama Quasi-National Park
  • Biwako Quasi-National Park
  • Murō-Akame-Aoyama Quasi-National Park
  • Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen Quasi-National Park
  • Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-National Park
  • Kōya-Ryūjin Quasi-National Park
  • Meiji no Mori Minō Quasi-National Park
  • Kyoto Tamba Kogen Quasi-National Park

Chūgoku and Shikoku

  • Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park
  • Hiba-Dōgo-Taishaku Quasi-National Park
  • Nishi-Chūgoku Sanchi Quasi-National Park
  • Kita Nagato Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park
  • Tsurugisan Quasi-National Park
  • Muroto-Anan Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Ishizuchi Quasi-National Park

Kyūshū

  • Kitakyūshū Quasi-National Park
  • Genkai Quasi-National Park
  • Yaba-Hita-Hikosan Quasi-National Park
  • Iki-Tsushima Quasi-National Park
  • Kyūshū Chūō Sanchi Quasi-National Park
  • Nippō Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Sobo Katamuki Quasi-National Park
  • Nichinan Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Okinawa Kaigan Quasi-National Park
  • Okinawa Senseki Quasi-National Park
{{col-end}}

See also

  • Special Places of Scenic Beauty
  • Places of Scenic Beauty
  • National Government Parks
  • Wildlife Protection Areas in Japan
  • List of Ramsar sites in Japan

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/laws/nature/law_np.pdf |title=Natural Parks Act (1957) |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=1 February 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/parksystem.pdf |title=Natural Park Systems in Japan |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |pages=4, 12 |accessdate=1 February 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/geo/pdf/frombelow/0308_frombelow_kanda.pdf |title=Landscapes of National Parks in Taiwan During the Japanese Colonial Period |author=Kanda Koji |publisher=Osaka City University |accessdate=8 October 2016}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=National Parks of Japan |author1=Sutherland, Mary |author2=Britton, Dorothy |publisher=Kodansha |year=1995 |pages=6f |ISBN=4-7700-1971-8}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/parksystem.pdf |title=Natural Park Systems in Japan |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |pages=1f |accessdate=1 February 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/np_3.pdf |title=Summary table of area figures for Natural Parks |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |date=1 April 2014 |accessdate=29 November 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/focus/jeq/issue/vol10/national.html |title=Birth of Myoko Togakushi Renzan National Park |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |date=10 June 2015 |accessdate=29 November 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/nature/np/yambaru.html |script-title=ja:やんばる国立公園について |trans-title=About Yanbaru National Park - Summary |language=Japanese |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=8 October 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/press/103074.html |script-title=ja:奄美群島国立公園（仮称）の指定及び公園計画の決定等に関する意見の募集について |trans-title=Consultation about the Establishment of Amami Guntō National Park |language=Japanese |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=11 March 2011}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/press/102249.html |title=京都丹波高原国定公園の指定日について |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |language=ja |date=24 March 2016 |accessdate=12 June 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/parksystem.pdf |title=Natural Park Systems in Japan |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |pages=2f |accessdate=1 February 2012}}

External links

  • National Parks of Japan (Ministry of the Environment)
{{Authority control}}

4 : National parks of Japan|Lists of national parks|Lists of places in Japan|Lists of tourist attractions in Japan
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