| 释义 |
- Moons by primary
- List
- See also
- References
{{about|the moons of planets and dwarf planets|other asteroid or minor-planet moons|Minor-planet moon}}{{Lists of Solar System objects}}The Solar System's planets and officially recognized dwarf planets are known to be orbited by 194 natural satellites, or moons. 19 moons in the Solar System are large enough to be gravitationally rounded, and thus would be considered planets or dwarf planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun. Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than {{convert|10|km}} in diameter. The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular. Recent years have had a drop in the number of discovered moons, with only 14 moons – twelve of Jupiter (ten of which were announced at the same time), one of Makemake, and one of Neptune – being discovered since 2012. Moons by primary Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of {{convert|1.6|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}.[1] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon. Venus also has no moons,[2] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century. Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29;[3] however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.) Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at {{convert|90|m|yd|-1|abbr=on}}.[4]Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits, of which 72 have confirmed orbits and have thus received permanent designations; of these, 52 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups. Saturn has 62 moons with known orbits; 53 of them have names, and these are the ones with confirmed orbits. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 38, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects. Uranus has 27 named moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are another 13 inner moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock. Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites. Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[5]Among the other dwarf planets, {{dp|Ceres}} has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[6] {{dp|Haumea}} has two moons, Hi'iaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[7] {{dp|Makemake}} has one moon, discovered in April 2016. {{dp|Eris}} has one known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is {{val|257|110|u=km}},[7] but on some assumptions could be as high as {{val|342|25|u=km}}.[8] The Kuiper belt object 90482 Orcus, believed to be a dwarf planet, was found in 2005 As of October 2009, 190 asteroid moons[9] and 63 trans-Neptunian moons had been discovered.[9] Summary – number of moons| Planet | Mercury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune |
|---|
| Number of moons | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 79 | 62 | 27 | 14 | | Dwarf planet | Ceres | Pluto | Haumea | Makemake | Eris |
|---|
| Number of moons | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
List This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the five recognised dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because it depends on the mass of the primary as well as the satellite's distance from it. | Satellite of Earth | Satellites of Saturn | Satellites of Pluto | | Satellites of Mars | Satellites of Uranus | Satellites of {{dp|Haumea}} | | Satellites of Jupiter | Satellites of Neptune | Satellite of {{dp|Makemake}} | | Satellite of {{dp|Eris}} |
| Image | Numeral | Name | Mean radius (km) | Semi-major axis (km) | Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde) | Discovery year | Discovered by | Notes | Ref(s) | Planet |
|---|
| I | Moon | 173710|1737.10 }} | 384,399 | 27.321582 | 0|Prehistoric}} | — | Synchronous rotation | [10] | Earth | | I | Phobos | 00111|11.1 ± 0.15 }} | 9,380 | 0.319 | 1877 | Hall | [11][12][13] | Mars | | II | Deimos | 00062|6.2 ± 0.18 }} | 23,460 | 1.262 | 1877 | Hall | [11][12][13] | Mars | | style="background:black;" | I | Io | 18181|1818.1 ± 0.1 }} | 421,800 | 1.769 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [13][14] | Jupiter | | II | Europa | 15607|1560.7 ± 0.7 }} | 671,100 | 3.551 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [13][14] | Jupiter | | style="background:black;" | III | Ganymede | 26341|2634.1 ± 0.3 }} | 1,070,400 | 7.155 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [13][14] | Jupiter | | IV | Callisto | 24084|2408.4 ± 0.3 }} | 1,882,700 | 16.69 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [13][14] | Jupiter | | V | Amalthea | 008350|83.5 ± 2 }} | 181,400 | 0.498 | 1892 | Barnard | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [12][13][15] | Jupiter | | VI | Himalia | 0067|67 ± 10}}[16] | 11,461,000 | 250.56 | 1904 | Perrine | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [12][13][17] | Jupiter | | VII | Elara | 0043|43 }} | 11,741,000 | 259.64 | 1905 | Perrine | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [12][13][18] | Jupiter | | VIII | Pasiphae | 0030|30 }} | 23,624,000 | 743.63 (r) | 1908 | Melotte | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][19] | Jupiter | | IX | Sinope | 0019|19 }} | 23,939,000 | 758.90 (r) | 1914 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][20] | Jupiter | | X | Lysithea | 0018|18 }} | 11,717,000 | 259.20 | 1938 | Nicholson | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [12][13][21] | Jupiter | | XI | Carme | 0023|23 }} | 23,404,000 | 734.17 (r) | 1938 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][21] | Jupiter | | XII | Ananke | 0014|14 }} | 21,276,000 | 629.77 (r) | 1951 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][22] | Jupiter | | XIII | Leda | 0010|10 }} | 11,165,000 | 240.92 | 1974 | Kowal | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [12][13][23] | Jupiter | | XIV | Thebe | 00493|49.3 ± 2.0 }} | 221,900 | 0.675 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [12][13][24] | Jupiter | | XV | Adrastea | 00082|8.2 ± 2.0 }} | 129,000 | 0.298 | 1979 | Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [12][13][25] | Jupiter | | XVI | Metis | 00215|21.5 ± 2.0 }} | 128,000 | 0.295 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [12][13][26] | Jupiter | | XVII | Callirrhoe | 00043|4.3 }} | 24,103,000 | 758.77 (r) | 2000 | Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][27] | Jupiter | | XVIII | Themisto | 00040|4.0 }} | 7,284,000 | 130.02 | 1975/2000 | Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery) | Prograde irregular (Themisto) | [12][13][28][29] | Jupiter | | XIX | Megaclite | 00027|2.7 }} | 23,493,000 | 752.86 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XX | Taygete | 00025|2.5 }} | 23,280,000 | 732.41 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXI | Chaldene | 00019|1.9 }} | 23,100,000 | 723.72 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXII | Harpalyke | 00022|2.2 }} | 20,858,000 | 623.32 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXIII | Kalyke | 00026|2.6 }} | 23,483,000 | 742.06 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXIV | Iocaste | 00026|2.6 }} | 21,060,000 | 631.60 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXV | Erinome | 00016|1.6 }} | 23,196,000 | 728.46 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXVI | Isonoe | 00019|1.9 }} | 23,155,000 | 726.23 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXVII | Praxidike | 00034|3.4 }} | 20,908,000 | 625.39 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][30] | Jupiter | | XXVIII | Autonoe | 00020|2.0 }} | 24,046,000 | 760.95 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXIX | Thyone | 00020|2.0 }} | 20,939,000 | 627.21 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXX | Hermippe | 00020|2.0 }} | 21,131,000 | 633.9 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXI | Aitne | 00015|1.5 }} | 23,229,000 | 730.18 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXII | Eurydome | 00015|1.5 }} | 22,865,000 | 717.33 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXIII | Euanthe | 00015|1.5 }} | 20,797,000 | 620.49 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXIV | Euporie | 00010|1.0 }} | 19,304,000 | 550.74 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXV | Orthosie | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,720,000 | 622.56 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXVI | Sponde | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,487,000 | 748.34 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXVII | Kale | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,217,000 | 729.47 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXVIII | Pasithee | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,004,000 | 719.44 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XXXIX | Hegemone | 00015|1.5 }} | 23,577,000 | 739.88 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XL | Mneme | 00010|1.0 }} | 21,035,000 | 620.04 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLI | Aoede | 00020|2.0 }} | 23,980,000 | 761.50 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLII | Thelxinoe | 00010|1.0 }} | 21,164,000 | 628.09 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLIII | Arche | 00015|1.5 }} | 23,355,000 | 731.95 (r) | 2002 | Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13][31] | Jupiter | | XLIV | Kallichore | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,288,000 | 728.73 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLV | Helike | 00020|2.0 }} | 21,069,000 | 626.32 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLVI | Carpo | 00015|1.5 }} | 17,058,000 | 456.30 | 2003 | Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular (Carpo) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLVII | Eukelade | 00020|2.0 }} | 23,328,000 | 730.47 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLVIII | Cyllene | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,809,000 | 752 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | XLIX | Kore | 00010|1.0 }} | 24,543,000 | 779.17 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | L | Herse | 00010|1.0 }} | 22,983,000 | 714.51 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LI | S/2010 J 1 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,314,335 | 723.2 (r) | 2010 | Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, Alexandersen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [32] | Jupiter | | LII | S/2010 J 2 | 00005|0.5 }} | 20,307,150 | 588.1 (r) | 2010 | Veillet | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [32] | Jupiter | | LIII | Dia | 00020|2.0 }} | 12,570,000 | 287.93 | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [32] | Jupiter | | LIV | S/2016 J 1 | 00030|3.0 }} | 20,595,480 | 602.7 (r) | 2016 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [32] | Jupiter | | LV | S/2003 J 18 | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,426,000 | 596.58 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LVI | S/2011 J 2 | 00005|0.5 }} | 23,329,710 | 726.8 (r) | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [32] | Jupiter | | LVII | S/2003 J 5 | 00020|2.0 }} | 23,498,000 | 738.74 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LVIII | S/2003 J 15 | 00010|1.0 }} | 22,630,000 | 689.77 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LIX | S/2017 J 1 | 00020|2.0 }} | 23,483,978 | 734.2 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [32] | Jupiter | | LX | S/2003 J 3 | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,224,000 | 583.88 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LXI | S/2003 J 19 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,535,000 | 740.43 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | LXII | Valetudo | 00005|0.5 }} | 18,928,095 | 532.0 | 2016 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular (Valetudo) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXIII | S/2017 J 2 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,240,957 | 723.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXIV | S/2017 J 3 | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,639,315 | 605.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXV | S/2017 J 4 | 00010|1.0 }} | 11,494,801 | 251.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXVI | S/2017 J 5 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,169,389 | 720.5 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXVII | S/2017 J 6 | 00010|1.0 }} | 22,394,682 | 684.7 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXVIII | S/2017 J 7 | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,571,458 | 602.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXIX | S/2017 J 8 | 00005|0.5 }} | 23,174,446 | 720.7 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXX | S/2017 J 9 | 00010|1.0 }} | 21,429,955 | 640.9 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXXI | S/2018 J 1 | 00010|1.0 }} | 11,453,004 | 250.4 (r) | 2018 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Himalia) | [32] | Jupiter | | LXXII | S/2011 J 1 | 00005|0.5 }} | 20,155,290 | 580.7 (r) | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [32] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 2 | 00010|1.0 }} | 28,455,000 | 981.55 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae?) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 4 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,933,000 | 755.26 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae?) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 9 | 00005|0.5 }} | 23,388,000 | 733.30 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 10 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,044,000 | 716.25 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme?) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 12 | 00005|0.5 }} | 17,833,000 | 489.72 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Ananke?) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 16 | 00010|1.0 }} | 20,956,000 | 616.33 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | — | S/2003 J 23 | 00010|1.0 }} | 23,566,000 | 732.45 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae?) | [12][13] | Jupiter | | I | Mimas | 01982|198.2 ± 0.4 }} | 185,540 | 0.942 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Saturn | | II | Enceladus | 02523|252.3 ± 0.6 }} | 238,040 | 1.370 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Saturn | | III | Tethys | 05363|536.3 ± 1.5 }} | 294,670 | 1.888 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [12][13] | Saturn | | IV | Dione | 05625|562.5 ± 1.5 }} | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [12][13] | Saturn | | V | Rhea | 07645|764.5 ± 2.0 }} | 527,070 | 4.518 | 1672 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [12][13] | Saturn | | VI | Titan | 25755|2575.5 ± 2.0 }} | 1,221,870 | 15.95 | 1655 | Huygens | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Saturn | | VII | Hyperion | 01386|138.6 }} | 1,500,880 | 21.28 | 1848 | W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Saturn | | VIII | Iapetus | 07345|734.5 ± 4.0 }} | 3,560,840 | 79.33 | 1671 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [12][13] | Saturn | | IX | Phoebe | 01066|106.6 ± 1.1 }} | 12,947,780 | 550.31 (r) | 1899 | Pickering | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | X | Janus | 00904|90.4 ± 3.0 }} | 151,460 | 0.695 | 1966 | Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed) | Inner moon (co-orbital) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XI | Epimetheus | 00583|58.3 ± 3.1 }} | 151,410 | 0.694 | 1980 | Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed) | Inner moon (co-orbital) | [12][13] | Saturn | | style="background:black;" | XII | Helene | 0016|16 ± 4 }} | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1980 | Laques, Lecacheux | Main-group trojan | [12][13] | Saturn | | XIII | Telesto | 0012|12 ± 3 }} | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1) | Main-group trojan | [12][13] | Saturn | | XIV | Calypso | 00095|9.5 ± 1.5 }} | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie | Main-group trojan | [12][13] | Saturn | | XV | Atlas | 00153|15.3 ± 1.2 }} | 137,670 | 0.602 | 1980 | Terrile (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XVI | Prometheus | 00468|46.8 ± 5.6 }} | 139,380 | 0.613 | 1980 | Collins (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XVII | Pandora | 00406|40.6 ± 4.5 }} | 141,720 | 0.629 | 1980 | Collins (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XVIII | Pan | 00128|12.8 }} | 133,580 | 0.575 | 1990 | Showalter (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XIX | Ymir | 0009|9 }} | 23,140,400 | 1,315.58 (r) | 2000 | Gladman | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XX | Paaliaq | 0011|11 }} | 15,200,000 | 686.95 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXI | Tarvos | 00075|7.5 }} | 17,983,000 | 926.23 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXII | Ijiraq | 0006|6 }} | 11,124,000 | 451.42 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXIII | Suttungr | 00035|3.5 }} | 19,459,000 | 1,016.67 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXIV | Kiviuq | 0008|8 }} | 11,110,000 | 449.22 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXV | Mundilfari | 00035|3.5 }} | 18,628,000 | 952.77 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXVI | Albiorix | 0016|16 }} | 16,182,000 | 783.45 | 2000 | Holman, Spahr | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXVII | Skathi | 0004|4 }} | 15,540,000 | 728.20 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXVIII | Erriapus | 0005|5 }} | 17,343,000 | 871.19 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXIX | Siarnaq | 0020|20 }} | 18,015,400 | 896.44 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXX | Thrymr | 00035|3.5 }} | 20,314,000 | 1,094.11 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | style="background:black;" | XXXI | Narvi | 00035|3.5 }} | 19,007,000 | 1,003.86 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXXII | Methone | 00015|1.6}} | 194,440 | 1.010 | 2004 | Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [13] | Saturn | | XXXIII | Pallene | 0002|2 }} | 212,280 | 1.154 | 2004 | Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [13] | Saturn | | XXXIV | Polydeuces | 000125|1.25 }} | 377,200 | 2.737 | 2004 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Main-group trojan | [13] | Saturn | | XXXV | Daphnis | 00035|3–4 }} | 136,500 | 0.594 | 2005 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13] | Saturn | | XXXVI | Aegir | 0003|3 }} | 20,751,000 | 1,117.52 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXXVII | Bebhionn | 0003|3 }} | 17,119,000 | 834.84 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXXVIII | Bergelmir | 0003|3 }} | 19,336,000 | 1,005.74 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XXXIX | Bestla | 00035|3.5 }} | 20,192,000 | 1,088.72 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XL | Farbauti | 00025|2.5 }} | 20,377,000 | 1,085.55 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XLI | Fenrir | 0002|2 }} | 22,454,000 | 1,260.35 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XLII | Fornjot | 0003|3 }} | 25,146,000 | 1,494.2 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XLIII | Hati | 0003|3 }} | 19,846,000 | 1,038.61 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [12][13] | Saturn | | XLIV | Hyrrokkin | 0004|4 }} | 18,437,000 | 931.86 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | XLV | Kari | 00035|3.5 }} | 22,089,000 | 1,230.97 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | XLVI | Loge | 0003|3 }} | 23,058,000 | 1,311.36 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | XLVII | Skoll | 0003|3 }} | 17,665,000 | 878.29 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | XLVIII | Surtur | 0003|3 }} | 22,704,000 | 1,297.36 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | XLIX | Anthe | 0001|1 }} | 197,700 | 1.0365 | 2007 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [33] | Saturn | | L | Jarnsaxa | 0003|3 }} | 18,811,000 | 964.74 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | LI | Greip | 0003|3 }} | 18,206,000 | 921.19 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13] | Saturn | | LII | Tarqeq | 00035|3.5 }} | 18,009,000 | 887.48 | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [13] | Saturn | | LIII | Aegaeon | 000025|0.25 }} | 167,500 | 0.808 | 2008 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | G-ring moonlet | [34] | Saturn | | — | S/2004 S 7 | 0003|3 }} | 20,999,000 | 1,140.24 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [12][13] | Saturn | | — | S/2004 S 12 | 00025|2.5 }} | 19,878,000 | 1,046.19 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [12][13] | Saturn | | — | S/2004 S 13 | 0003|3 }} | 18,404,000 | 933.48 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [12][13] | Saturn | | — | S/2004 S 17 | 0002|2 }} | 19,447,000 | 1,014.70 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [12][13] | Saturn | | — | S/2006 S 1 | 0003|3 }} | 18,790,000 | 963.37 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13] | Saturn | | — | S/2006 S 3 | 0003|3 }} | 22,096,000 | 1,227.21 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13] | Saturn | | — | S/2007 S 2 | 0003|3 }} | 16,725,000 | 808.08 (r) | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13] | Saturn | | — | S/2007 S 3 | 0003|3 }} | 18,975,000 | 977.8 (r) | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13] | Saturn | | — | S/2009 S 1 | 000015|0.15 }} | 117,000 | 0.471 | 2009 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | B-ring moonlet | [35] | Saturn | | I | Ariel | 05789|578.9 ± 0.6 }} | 190,900 | 2.520 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | II | Umbriel | 05847|584.7 ± 2.8 }} | 266,000 | 4.144 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | III | Titania | 07889|788.9 ± 1.8 }} | 436,300 | 8.706 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | IV | Oberon | 07614|761.4 ± 2.6 }} | 583,500 | 13.46 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | V | Miranda | 02358|235.8 ± 0.7 }} | 129,900 | 1.413 | 1948 | Kuiper | Main-group moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | VI | Cordelia | 00201|20.1 ± 3 }} | 49,800 | 0.335 | 1986 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Uranus | | VII | Ophelia | 00214|21.4 ± 4 }} | 53,800 | 0.376 | 1986 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [12][13] | Uranus | | VIII | Bianca | 00257|25.7 ± 2 }} | 59,200 | 0.435 | 1986 | Smith (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | IX | Cressida | 00398|39.8 ± 2 }} | 61,800 | 0.464 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | X | Desdemona | 00320|32.0 ± 4 }} | 62,700 | 0.474 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XI | Juliet | 00468|46.8 ± 4 }} | 64,400 | 0.493 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XII | Portia | 00676|67.6 ± 4 }} | 66,100 | 0.513 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XIII | Rosalind | 0036|36 ± 6 }} | 69,900 | 0.558 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XIV | Belinda | 00403|40.3 ± 8 }} | 75,300 | 0.624 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XV | Puck | 0081|81 ± 2 }} | 86,000 | 0.762 | 1985 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Uranus | | XVI | Caliban | 0049|49 }} | 7,231,100 | 579.73 (r) | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XVII | Sycorax | 0075|75 }} | 12,179,400 | 1,288.38 (r) | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XVIII | Prospero | 0025|25 }} | 16,256,000 | 1,978.29 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XIX | Setebos | 0024|24 }} | 17,418,000 | 2,225.21 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XX | Stephano | 0010|10 }} | 8,004,000 | 677.36 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XXI | Trinculo | 0009|9 }} | 8,504,000 | 749.24 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XXII | Francisco | 0006|6 }} | 4,276,000 | 266.56 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XXIII | Margaret | 00055|5.5 }} | 14,345,000 | 1,687.01 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt | Prograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XXIV | Ferdinand | 0006|6 }} | 20,901,000 | 2,887.21 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al. | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Uranus | | XXV | Perdita | 0015|15 }} | 76,417 | 0.638 | 1986 | Karkoschka (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13] | Uranus | | XXVI | Mab | 0006|6 }} | 97,736 | 0.923 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | [13] | Uranus | | XXVII | Cupid | 0009|9 }} | 74,392 | 0.613 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | [13] | Uranus | | I | Triton | 13534|1353.4 ± 0.9 }} | 354,800 | 5.877 (r) | 1846 | Lassell | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | II | Nereid | 0170|170 ± 25 }} | 5,513,820 | 360.14 | 1949 | Kuiper | Prograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | III | Naiad | 0033|33 ± 3 }} | 48,224 | 0.294 | 1989 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | IV | Thalassa | 0041|41 ± 3 }} | 50,075 | 0.311 | 1989 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | V | Despina | 0075|75 ± 3 }} | 52,526 | 0.335 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | VI | Galatea | 0088|88 ± 4 }} | 61,953 | 0.429 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | VII | Larissa | 0097|97 ± 3 }} | 73,548 | 0.555 | 1982 | Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | VIII | Proteus | 0210|210 ± 7 }} | 117,647 | 1.122 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [12][13] | Neptune | | IX | Halimede | 0031|31 }} | 15,728,000 | 1,879.71 (r) | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | X | Psamathe | 0020|20 }} | 46,695,000 | 9,115.91 (r) | 2003 | Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | XI | Sao | 0022|22 }} | 22,422,000 | 2,914.07 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | XII | Laomedeia | 0021|21 }} | 23,571,000 | 3,167.85 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | XIII | Neso | 0030|30 }} | 48,387,000 | 9,373.99 (r) | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [12][13] | Neptune | | XIV | Hippocamp | 0017.4|17.4}} | 105,283 | 0.9362 | 2013 | Showalter et al. | Inner moon | [36] | Neptune | | I | Charon | 06036|606 ± 0.5 }} | 19,591 | 6.387 | 1978 | Christy | [12][13] | Pluto | | II | Nix | 00230|23.0 ± 2 }} | 48,671 | 24.85 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | [12][13] | Pluto | | III | Hydra | 00305|30.5 ± 4 }} | 64,698 | 38.20 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | [12][13] | Pluto | | IV | Kerberos | 00140|14.0 }} | 57,729 | 32.17 | 2011 | Showalter (Hubble) | [12][13][37][38] | Pluto | | V | Styx | 00100|10.0}} | 42,393 | 20.16 | 2012 | Showalter (Hubble) | [12][13][39] | Pluto | | I | Hi{{okina}}iaka | 0160|~160 }} | 49,880 | 49.12 ± 0.03 | 2005 | Brown et al. | [40][395][41] | Haumea | | II | Namaka | 0085|~85}} | 25,657 | 18.2783 | 2005 | Brown et al. | [40][42][41] | Haumea | | style="background:black;" | — | S/2015 (136472) 1 | 0087.5|~87.5 }} | 21000|~21,000}} | 12.4|~12.4}} | 2016 | Parker et al. | [43][44] | Makemake | | I | Dysnomia | 0350|350 ± 60[7]}} | 37,370 ± 150 | 15.774 ± 0.002 | 2005 | Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al. | SDO moon | [45][46][47] | Eris |
See also - List of black holes
- List of dwarf planets
- List of galaxies
- List of IAU designated constellations
- List of largest cosmic structures
- List of multiplanetary systems
- List of Solar System objects by size
- List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun in 2015
- Lists of astronomical objects
- Lists of black holes
- Lists of exoplanets
- Lists of galaxies
- Lists of stars
- Lists of stars by constellation
References - {{Commonscat-inline|Natural satellites}}
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}} {{Solar System moons (compact)}}{{featured list}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Moons}} 2 : Lists of moons|Moons |