| 词条 | Newkirk Viaduct Monument | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|monument_name = Newkirk Viaduct Monument |native_name = |image = Newkirk Monument Philly 2.jpg |caption = 2018 photo |coordinates = {{coord|39.9400|-75.2063|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} |location = West Philadelphia |designer = Thomas Ustick Walter |type = obelisk |material = white marble |length = |width = {{convert|5|ft}} |height = {{convert|14|ft}} |begin = |complete = 1839 |open = |dedicated_to = Matthew Newkirk |map_image = |map_caption = |map_width = |extra = Moved from original location sometime after 1927.[1] Moved to current location in 2016.[2] }} The Newkirk Viaduct Monument (also, Newkirk Monument) is a 15-foot white marble obelisk in the West Philadelphia neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Installed in 1839, it is inscribed with the names of 51 railroad builders and executives, among other information. Designed by Thomas Ustick Walter, a future Architect of the Capitol, the monument was erected by the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad to mark its completion of a Schuylkill River bridge and the first railroad line south from Philadelphia. The monument, which originally sat about 700 feet from the riverbank, was moved sometime after 1927 about 600 feet further inland, where it sat for decades by the main line that became Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. In 2016, it was moved to its present location, about 100 feet from the river's edge at the north end of the Bartram's Mile section of the Schuylkill River Trail. HistoryThe monument commemorates the 1838 completion of the Newkirk Viaduct, also called the Gray's Ferry Bridge, over the Schuylkill River. The bridge completed the first direct rail line between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Maryland — tracks that closely paralleled the King's Highway, the main land route to the southern states. On Aug. 14, 1838, the PW&B board of directors decided to name the bridge after company president Matthew Newkirk (1794-1868), a Philadelphia business and civic leader, and to commission a monument at its west end. (Earlier in the year, the company gave Newkirk a silver plate worth $1,000 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1000|1838|r=0}}}} today{{Inflation-fn|US}}) to reward him for arranging the merger of four railroads that together built the Philadelphia-Baltimore line.)[3] Designed by Thomas Ustick Walter,[4] who would go on to design the dome of the U.S. Capitol, the white marble monument consists of seven pieces of carved stone held together simply by weight and friction — not reinforced, for example, with metal pins. The uppermost piece, a 7-foot obelisk, weighs about 6,000 pounds, while the 5-foot base and other pieces weigh a rough total of 12,000 pounds.[2] The obelisk and base are inscribed with the names of 51 men,[5] including senior officials of the four railroads and various employees who helped build the bridge and rail line.[6][8] The monument was installed along the western approach to the bridge and surrounded by a low iron fence.[6] An 1895 account describes its location as "on a high bank in the angle formed by the junction of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad and the Chester Branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway just below the western end of the Gray's Ferry Bridge."[7] It sat about 700 feet from the Schuylkill River, at 39.93975 north latitude, 75.20830 west longitude.[8] In 1872, the PW&B built a new mainline west of the Viaduct, and leased its old line to the Reading Railroad, which expanded the old track to a small railyard.[1] In 1900, an article about the Viaduct's replacement noted the monument, and said, "On account of its inaccessibility and the dense foliage, it is scarcely ever seen."[9] The monument was moved, at some point after 1927, to a spot along the 1872 mainline. It was placed at 39.939492 north latitude, 75.210633 west longitude,[8] on the site of the demolished Gray's Ferry Station, just northeast of the 49th Street Bridge.[1] For more than eight decades, it sat all but abandoned, in disrepair, and nearly forgotten, though it was visible to passengers traveling Amtrak's Northeast Corridor or SEPTA Regional Rail trains on the Airport Line and the Wilmington/Newark Line.[10] 2016 moveIn 2013, interest in the Newkirk Monument was rekindled by a pair of articles[1][18] written by Bradley Peniston for Hidden City Philadelphia, a local organization about the built environment. The articles explored the monument's significance and suggested it be moved to a more visible site. Over the next few years, the idea was embraced and brought to fruition by a host of public and private entities, including Amtrak, Philadelphia Parks & Recreation, Schuylkill River Development Corporation, landscape architects Andropogon Associates, planners PennPraxis, conservators Materials Conservation, and movers with the George Young Company. On November 17–18, 2016, the monument was moved to a new concrete pad along the under-construction "Bartram's Mile" section of the Schuylkill River Trail.[2] InscriptionAs transcribed by Wilson, the four sides of the monument and its base are inscribed as follows:[7]
Wilson's transcription contains several errors; for example, it misspells the last names of Henry Hazlehurst and Edward Tatnall.[19] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://hiddencityphila.org/2013/03/who-moved-the-newkirk-viaduct-monument/ | title=Who Moved The Newkirk Viaduct Monument? | publisher=Hidden City Philadelphia | date=March 13, 2013 | accessdate=March 15, 2013 | author=Peniston, Bradley}} 2. ^1 2 {{Cite news |url=http://hiddencityphila.org/2016/12/a-moving-monument/ |title=A Moving Monument |last=Maule |first=Bradley |work=Hidden City Daily |publisher=Hidden City Philadelphia |location=Philadelphia |publication-date=December 6, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.prrths.com/Hagley/PRR1838%20June%2004.wd.pdf | title=1838 (June 2004 Edition) | publisher=The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society | work=PRR CHRONOLOGY | date=June 2004 | accessdate=23 July 2013 | pages=2}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/105837 | title=Newkirk Viaduct | publisher=The Athenaeum of Philadelphia | work=Philadelphia Architects and Buildings | accessdate=2013-06-10}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://hiddencityphila.org/2014/07/the-monument-men/|title=The Monument Men|last=Peniston|first=Bradley|date=July 9, 2014|work=Hidden City Daily|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UVINb9tPkooC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=grays+ferry+obelisk|title=Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore railroad guide: containing a description of the scenery, rivers, towns, villages, and objects of interest along the line of road; including historical sketches, legends|last=Dare|first=Charles P|author2=|publisher=Fitzgibbon & Van Ness|year=1856|isbn=|volume=1|location=|page=115|pages=|authorlink=|accessdate=}} 7. ^1 {{cite book | last =Wilson| first =William Bender | title =History of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company with Plan of Organization, Portraits of Officials and Biographical Sketches | volume=1 | publisher =Henry T. Coates & Company| year = 1895| location =Philadelphia | pages= 296–299 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qj9N-eWi71YC&dq=william%20bender%20wilson&pg=PA296#v=onepage&q=monument&f=false|accessdate=November 25, 2012}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.newkirkmonument.org/blog/where-did-the-newkirk-monument-originally-stand/|title=Where Did the Newkirk Monument Originally Stand?|date=2015-09-04|work=Friends of the Newkirk Monument|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en-US}} 9. ^{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PQ5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fDkNAAAAIBAJ&dq=newkirk%20viaduct&pg=3631%2C2349405 | title=City's Fine New Bridge | date=August 12, 1900 | agency=Philadelphia Record | accessdate=September 25, 2013 | location=Philadelphia | pages=15}} 10. ^1 {{cite web | title= Do You Wanna Know More? | url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120222071004/http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/38349389.html?page=2&comments=1&showAll=| work= Philadelphia Weekly| publisher= | date=2002-05-08 |last=Baer |first= Christopher | accessdate=2009-06-06}} 11. ^The spelling of the last name seems to be in error; it should be "Connell". {{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOg6AAAAMAAJ&dq=%22John%20Connell%22%20philadelphia%20railroad&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Connell%22%20philadelphia%20railroad&f=false | title=Wilmington and Susquehanna Railroad Company | date=January 21, 1837 | agency=American Railroad Journal and Advocate for Internal Improvements | accessdate=18 August 2013 | author=Minor, D.K. and George C. Schaeffer, editors | location=132 Nassau Street, New York, New York | pages=34}} 12. ^Jr. John McKim 13. ^Misspelled; it is spelled "Aubrey". {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=IIYpAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PP4&dq=Aubrey%20Smith%20philadelphia&pg=PP4#v=onepage&q=Aubrey%20Smith%20philadelphia&f=false | title=Annual Report of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail Road, 1838-40 | publisher=Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail Road Company | year=1838–40 | location=Philadelphia}} 14. ^Cohen briefly served as B&PD president in 1838 after Brantz died. On Feb. 20, after the railroad mergers, he became PW&B vice president. {{cite web | url=http://www.prrths.com/Hagley/PRR1838%20June%2004.wd.pdf | title=1838 (June 2004 Edition) | publisher=The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society | work=PRR CHRONOLOGY | date=June 2004 | accessdate=23 July 2013 | pages=2}} 15. ^The last name is misspelled. It is "Hazlehurst". JHBL Family Genealogy 16. ^1 [sic] His last name was spelled "Tatnall".{{cite web | url=http://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/data/122333740 | title=Records of Vice President Henry Tatnall, 1897-1940 (bulk 1909-1940). | publisher=Worldcat | work=Hagley Museum and Library - Manuscripts and Archives Department | accessdate=October 1, 2013}} 17. ^Appointed Superintendent of Transportation for the Baltimore and Port Deposite on Jan. 26, 1837.{{cite web | url=http://www.prrths.com/Hagley/PRR1837%20June%2004.wd.pdf | title=1837 (June 2004 Edition) | publisher=The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society | work=PRR CHRONOLOGY | date=June 2004 | accessdate=21 March 2014 }} 18. ^Son of superintendent Charles Lombaert. Later the assistant to Pennsylvania Railroad chief engineer Herman Haupt and ultimately a vice president of the PRR. 19. ^1 A corrected version is given in this article: {{Cite web |url=http://hiddencityphila.org/2014/07/the-monument-men/ |title=The Monument Men |last=Peniston |first=Bradley |date=July 9, 2014 |website=hiddencityphila.org |publisher=Hidden City Philadelphia |location=Philadelphia}} External links
8 : Obelisks in the United States|Pennsylvania Railroad|Landmarks in Philadelphia|Monuments and memorials in Philadelphia|Marble sculptures in Pennsylvania|Vandalized works of art in the United States|1839 sculptures|1839 establishments in Pennsylvania |
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